2013年考研英语二真题

本资料由淘宝店铺：光速考研工作室整理汇编如需题型分类版试题可进店获取本资料由淘宝店铺：光速考研工作室整理汇编如需题型分类版试题可进店获取绝密★启用前2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204）☆考生注意事项☆答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂2B铅笔填涂。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名本资料由淘宝店铺：光速考研工作室整理汇编如需题型分类版试题可进店获取.本资料由淘宝店铺：光速考研工作室整理汇编如需题型分类版试题可进店获取.PAGE7.SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1,atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionshavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon“revolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself,”onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incoming?Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery7tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof“float”–ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer’saccount,whichmeansthatofoninpaymentsarcimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelse’saccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.[A]Moreover [B]However [C]Therefore [D]Otherwise[A]off [B]back [C]over [D]around[A]power [B]concept [C]history [D]role[A]reverse [B]resist [C]resume [D]reward[A]silent [B]sudden [C]slow [D]steady[A]for [B]against [C]with [D]on[A]expensive [B]imaginative [C]sensitive [D]productive[A]similar [B]original [C]temporary [D]dominant[A]collect [B]copy [C]provide [D]print[A]giveup [B]takeover [C]bringback [D]passdown[A]before [B]after [C]since [D]when[A]kept [B]borrowed [C]withdrawn [D]released[A]Unless [B]Because [C]Until [D]Though[A]hide [B]express [C]ease [D]raise[A]analyzed [B]shared [C]stored [D]displayed[A]unsafe [B]unnatural [C]unclear [D]uncommon[A]steal [B]choose [C]benefit [D]return[A]consideration[B]prevention [C]manipulation [D]justification[A]callfor [B]fightagainst[C]adaptto [D]copewith[A]chunk [B]chip [C]trail [D]pathSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica,”theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottoncountryaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillhasonlytwoemployeestoday,“amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedog,andthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayislargelybecauseofthebigdropindemandbecauseoftheGreatRecession,butitisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworkers.Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob,couldearnanaveragelifestyle.But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra–theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Butthere’sanAs10infactoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs–about6millionintotal–disappeared.”Therewillalwaysbechange–newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopost-highschooleducation.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate .theimpactoftechnologicaladvancesthealleviationofjobpressuretheshrinkageoftextilemillsthedeclineofmiddle-classincomesAccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto .workoncheapsoftwareaskforamoderatesalaryadoptanaveragelifestylecontributesomethinguniqueThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat .gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerasedjobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeedfactoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbeforenewjobsandserviceshavebeenofferedAccordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis .toacceleratetheI.T.revolutiontoensuremoreeducationforpeopletoadvanceeconomicglobalizationtopassmorebillsinthe21stcenturyWhichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?NewLawTakesEffect.TechnologyGoesCheap.AverageIsOver.RecessionIsBad.Text2Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincludedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,andwhowouldmakesomemoneyandthengohome.Between1908and1915,about7millionpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orbrandthemasalienstobekickedout.Thatframeworkhascontributedmightilytoourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon’tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday’sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes,includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho .stayinaforeigncountrytemporarilyleavetheirhomecountriesforgoodimmigrateacrosstheAtlanticfindpermanentjobsoverseasItisimpliedinParagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsystemintheUS .needsnewimmigrantcategorieshasloosenedcontroloverimmigrantsshouldbeadaptedtomeetchallengeshasbeenfixedviapoliticalmeansAccordingtotheauthor,today’sbirdsofpassagewant .financialincentivesaglobalrecognitionthefreedomtostayandleaveopportunitiestogetregularjobsTheauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated .asfaithfulpartnerswithlegaltolerancewitheconomicfavorsasmightyrivalsThemostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe .ComeandGo:BigMistakeLivingandThriving:GreatRiskWithorWithout:GreatRiskLegalorIllegal:BigMistake本资料由淘宝店铺：光速考研工作室整理汇编如需题型分类版试题可进店获取.PAGE18本资料由淘宝店铺：光速考研工作室整理汇编如需题型分类版试题可进店获取.PAGE18.Text3Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren’texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,eventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelsewe’redoing,Subjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases–orhireoutsidescreeners.JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced”long-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamuchlongerevaluation:twodays,nottwoseconds.Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogscanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasn’tchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay .predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgmentprovethecomplexityofourbrainreactiondependontheimportanceoftheassessmentvaryaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituationOurreactiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnapdecisions .canbeassociativearenotunconsciouscanbedangerousarenotimpulsiveToreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould .trustourfirstimpressionthinkbeforeweactdoaspeopleusuallydoaskforexpertadviceJohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionsarebasedon .criticalassessment“thinsliced”studyadequateinformationsensibleexplanationTheauthor’sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis .tolerantoptimisticuncertainDoubtfulText4Europeisnotagender-equalityheaven.Inparticular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyuntilwomenarepartofseniordecisions,andEurope’stopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.Indeed,womenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropeancorporateboards.TheEuropeanUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen–upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.Lastyear,EuropeanCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedingissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalsof40percentfemaleboardmembership.Butherappealwasconsideredafailure:only24companiestookitup.Doweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateladderfairlyastheybalanceworkandfamily?“Personally,Idon’tlikequotas,”Redingsaidrecently.“ButIlikewhatthequotasdo.”Quotasgetaction:they“openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,”accordingtoReding,aresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions.IunderstandReding’sreluctance–andherfrustration.Idon’tlikequotaseither;theyruncountertomybeliefinmeritocracy,governancebythecapable.But,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.Afterall,fourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeaswellastheUSareevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotoppositions–nomatterhowmuch“softpressure”isputuponthem.Whenwomendobreakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower–as,forexample,SherylSandbergrecentlydidatFacebook–theyattractmassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule.Ifappropriatepublicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen–whetherCEOsortheirchildren’scaregivers–andallfamilies,Sandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlycapablepersonlivinginamorejustsociety.IntheEuropeancorporateworkplace,generally .womentaketheleadmenhavethefinalsaycorporategovernanceisoverwhelmedseniormanagementisfamily-friendlyTheEuropeanUnion’sintendedlegislationis .areflectionofgenderbalancearesponsetoReding’scallareluctantchoiceavoluntaryactionAccordingtoReding,quotasmayhelpwomen .gettopbusinesspositionsseethroughtheglassceilingbalanceworkandfamilyanticipatelegalresultsTheauthor’sattitudetowardReding’sappealisoneof .skepticismobjectivenessindifferenceapprovalWomenenteringtopmanagementbecomeheadlinesduetothelackof .moresocialjusticemassivemediaattentionsuitablepublicpoliciesgreater“softpressure”PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA–Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41–45).Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)LivelikeapeasantBalanceyourdietShopkeepersareyourfriendsRemembertotreatyourselfSticktowhatyouneedPlanningiseverythingWastenot,wantnotThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.Afterbills,Tonyhas£60aweektospend,£40ofwhichgoesonfood,but10yearsagohewasearning£130,000ayearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondon’sbestrestaurantsatleasttwiceaweek.Thenhismarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious.“Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagain,toacertaindegree,whenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.ItgavemethevalidationandconfidencethatI’dlost.Butit’sstilladay-by-daything.”Nowhe’slivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.He’sfeelingpositive,buthe’llcarryonblogging–notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan–“therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood”–buteatingwellonabudget.Here’shisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.41. Impulsivespendingisn’tanoption,soplanyourweek’smenuinadvance,makingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:it’snotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.It’salsoagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweekly,because,beinghuman,you’llsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.42. Thisiswheresupermarketsandtheiranonymitycomeinhandy.Withthem,there’snotthesameembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanproperly,you’llknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightispre-packedinthesupermarketchiller.43. Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer–that’snotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleftovers,bread,stock,meatandfish.Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyou’lldoavegetablesoup,andallfruitsthreateningto“gooff”willbecookedorjuiced.44. Everyonesaysthis,butitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.Shopatbutchers,delisandfish-sellersregularly,evenforsmallthings,andbesuperfriendly.Soonyou’llfeelcomfortableaskingifthey’veanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstews,orbeefbones,chickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthannot,they’llletyouhaveforfree.45. Youwon’tbeeatingoutalot,butsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreattoasetlunchatagood–£1.75aweekforthreegivesyou£21–morethanforalunchatIt’s£16.95there–or£12.99foralargepizzafromDomino’s:IknowwhichI’drathereat.SectionIII TranslationD