book4 unit1 grammar主谓一致课件

(主谓一致)Subject-predicateAGREEMENT22.Thefactthatsomanypeoplestillsmokeinpublicplaces

thatwemayneedanationwidecampaigntoraiseawarenessoftherisksofsmoking.(2011江苏卷）A.suggest B.suggestsC.suggested D.suggesting【解析】考查时态及主谓一致。句意：仍有许多人在公共场合抽烟，这个事实表明我们需要一场全国性的运动来增强抽烟有害健康的意识。【答案】B考考你fact35.Allthescientificevidence____thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming____damagingourhealth.(2012湖南卷）A.show;areB.shows;are

C.show;isD.shows;is【解析】句意：所有的科学证据表明：农业方面越来越多的使用化学物质正在损害着我们的健康。主语是evidence“证据（不可数名词）”，所以谓语动词应用单数式shows，宾语从句的主语是use“使用（不可数名词）”，所以要用is。【答案】D考考你evidence什么是主谓一致？所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间的对应关系,即主语的人称和单复数形式要与谓语动词相呼应。主谓一致主要遵循以下几条原则：一、语法一致原则三、就近原则二、意义一致原则语法一致原则是指一个句子中的谓语动词的单复数形式要根据这个句子主语的语法形式来确定，而不是按照主语在意义上是单数还是复数来确定。例如：一、语法一致原则Morethanonestudent_____praisedbytheheadmasteratthemeeting.was该句主语意义上“不止一个学生”是复数，但语法上主语“onestudent”是单数，按照语法一致原则，谓语动词应该用单数。1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语时,谓语动词通常为复数形式：注意：如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。Heandshe_____bothgoodstudentsareThesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.

Theknifeandfork____onthetable

isis2.如果主语是不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。

Whenheiscoming______veryimportant.他什么时候要来看起来很重要。

Collectingstamps____hishobby.

收集邮票是他的爱好。

Toloveher_____nottobreakherwings.

爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。seemsisis3.定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。

Thosewho______singingmayjoinus.Tom,who___yourfriend,shouldhelpyou.

enjoyis4.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,but,including如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：

Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,_____plantingtreesinthestreet.

老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。isMr.Black,aswellastwowomen,______attheoffice.isMr.Black

with,togetherwith,alongwith所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。二、意义一致原则1.不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。Alloftheapples____rotten.

所有的苹果都烂了。Alloftheapple____rotten.整个苹果都烂了。

are

isNoneofthemoney_____left.没有剩下一点钱。Noneofthestudents_____there.没有学生在那里。

is

is

None和neither有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。Neither

ofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.Noneofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.

knows/know

knows/know2.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中接名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。Halfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.Halfoftheapple____bad.About60percentofthestudentsinourschool____boys.haveisare3.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。Hisfamily____agoodsampletofollow.

他们家是一个学习的榜样。Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.

他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。is

are

4.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。People指“民族”时例外。

Thepolice____searchingforathief.

Thecattle

____eatinggrassonthehill.areare5.复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。

Someone_____askingforyou.

有人找你。

Nothing_____foundintheroom.

在屋子里什么也没找到。isis6.某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等,通常只用其复数形式,但当它们被apairof

修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:

Theshoes_____wornout.

鞋子破了。

Thepairofshoes_____wornout.

这双鞋破了。

areis成双成对的名词trousers,pants,shorts,glasses,scissors以及clothes,goods等做主语,谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/thepairof修饰时，谓语动词用单数。某些名词以s结尾的词maths,politics,physics,news,plastics

等并不表示复述，谓语动词应用单数。Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.物理是一门很有趣的学科。

Plasticsisusedwidelynowadays.如今塑料被广泛使用。

8.every...andevery...;each...andeach...;no...andno...

在以上短语中and连接的单数名词,整个短语在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。

Eachmanandeachwoman____askedtoattend.

isEveryboyandeverygirlintheclass___

diligent.Nosoundandnovoice

___heard.

is

is9.以anumberof

作主语时,谓语动词用复数;以thenumberof

作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

Anumberofnewbooks_____onthedesk.Thenumberofstudentsinyourclass_____50.

areis10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Noteverymeans____useful.

不是每种方法都好使。Notallmeans______useful.

不是所有的方法都好使。

isare11.

manya,morethanone,oneandahalf与单数名词组成的短语,谓语用单数。

Manyaboy____seenit.

许多孩子都看到了。12.

时间、距离、重量、价格等度量衡复数名词及书刊名作主语时,

谓语动词常用单数。hasThirtyyears____notalongtime.Roots____afamousAmericannovel.《根》是一部美国的著名小说。isis1.thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书),其谓语用单数;但menofthiskind和thesekindsofmen的谓语用复数；

allkindsof+复数名词,谓语用复数形式。例如：还应该注意的几个问题:

Thiskindofmen____dangerous.

Menofthiskind_____dangerous.isare2.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:hangsHere______twobooksforyou.Betweenthetwowindows______apicture.are3.“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,amassof,massesof,halfof+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:Lotsofdamage_____causedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurface_____coveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkershere______women.

wasisarea(large)quantityof

修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。isAlargequantityofpeople____neededhere.largequantitiesof

修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。Quantitiesoffood____onthetable.are注意:4.agreatdealof;alargeamountof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;largeamountsof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。例如:Alargeamountof(=Agreatdealof)damage____doneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoney_____spentonthebridge.waswere5.表示数量的oneandahalf+复数名词其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式，但是one+名词andahalf短语作主语时,谓语动词常用复数。isOneandahalfbananas____leftonthetable.Oneappleandahalf____beeneatenbyamouse.have6.如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有:thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddub,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等;但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如：Theblind______inspecialschool.Thedeparted(逝者)_____awell-knownengineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man,person或表示人的单数连用。例如:anoldman,arichperson,the(a)woundedsoldier.studywas三、就近原则当句子中有连接either...or…;neither...nor…;not…but…;notonly...butalso…;

whether...or…连接的两个或两个以上主语并列时，谓语动词的单复数形式与临近的主语保持一致，这称之为就近原则。此外在therebe句型中，两个或两个以上名词并列作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近的名词保持一致。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher______

foraholiday.wishesThere_____acupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.amisNeitheryounorI____

wrong.

_____eitheryounorI

wrong?

Are1.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third____usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.(ZMET2006)A.isB.areC.wasD.were高考链接D2.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_______awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.(上海春招2002)A.isB.are

C.havebeenD.hasbeenD3.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge_____ofdesert_____coveredtheland.(上海2001）A.number;hasB.quantity;hasC.number;haveD.quantity;haveB4.Everypossiblemeans____topreventairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.(上海春招2000)A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenusedC5._____ofthelandinthatdistrict_____coveredwithtreesandgrass.(上海2000)A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,areC6.Booksofthiskind_____well.(上海1999)A.sellB.sellsC.aresoldD.issold7.E-mail,aswellastelephone,_____animportantpartindailycommunication.(上海1999)A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.playAA8---Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,____togotouniversity.---SodoI.（全国1998）

A.hopesB.hope

C.hopingD.dohopeA9.Thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem_______absentfordifferentreasons.(NMET1996)A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;wereC10.Agroupof_____areeating_____and______atthefootofthehill.(NMET1995)A.sheep;grass;leavesB.sheeps;grasses;leavesC.sheep;grass;leafD.sheeps;grass;leafsA11.Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho______inthekindergarten.(上海1994)A.iswellpaid

B.arewellpaidC.ispayingwell

D.arepayingwellB12.Eitheryouortheheadmaster_________theprizetothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.(上海1994)A.ishandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.is