初赛真题2008年(无听力)

/大学生英语竞赛（NEＣCＳ）A类研究生英语初赛真题2008年（无听力）(总分138,考试时间90分钟)ParｔⅡVocａbｕlaryanｄStrｕｃｔｕｒｅﻫ

Iｎstruｃtioｎs:Thereaｒe１5incomｐlｅtesentencesinthiｓseｃtion．FoｒeachbｌankthｅrearｅfｏurchoｉceｓmaｒkedA,B，CaｎdD．Choosetheoneｔhaｔbestcompleｔesthesenｔｅnｃe．ThenmarkｔhecｏrrespondinglｅｔｔerｏntheＡnｓｗｅrShｅetwitｈaｓingleｌinethrｏｕｇｈtｈｅcentrｅ。２．

Hecaｎ't_＿_＿__ｉgｎｏranceashｉｓexcuse;hesｈｏulｄhａvｅknownwｈatwaｓhappｅningｉｎhisownｄeｐartment．A

insistB

reｆerC

pleａdＤ

dｅfｅnｄ３。

Hiｓfathercamehoｍｅtodinnereｖerynighｔ,and＿＿＿___inhisliｆeJacｋfｅltthaｔtheｙwｅrearealｆamｉly.A

foｒthefirsttimeB

firsｔlyC

ａtｆiｒｓttimeＤ

ａtｆirst4。

Afterthｅｒobbery，thesｈopinstalｌedasophistｉcａｔedaｌａｒmsysｔeｍａsaninsuraｎce__＿＿_＿fuｒtherloｓses.A

towａｒｄｓB

ｆoｒC

fｒomＤ

ａｇainsｔ5．

Thebｏnｅs，ｔendonsａnｄcａrtiｌagesrｅquｉrｅａｓmallaｍｏunｔｏfblｏoｄ，__＿_＿_suchｏrgaｎsasｔhekｉdneysanｄｂrａinnｅedｌaｒgeａｍountsoｆblｏｏd。A

asB

ｗhｉleC

becａｕseD

sothat６.

Alｔhougｈｔhｅyuｓuallydｉdtheｉｒownpaintingaｎdｐaperiｎｇ,onｔhｉsoccasionthｅybｒouｇhｔｉnafirｍof___＿__decoraｔorｓ．Ａ

iｎsideB

inwａrdC

inｔｅriorD

inteｒnａl7.

_＿＿＿__thｅneｉghboｒingstreet，iｔwｏuldhavehａdｔopａsstｈroughｔｈesｔａtionbarriers,wherｅacollectｏriｓａlｗayｓstanding。A

HaditnotbeｅｎpulleddownB

ButforbringingitｕpC

ShouｌditnothavｅbｅenｃarrieddownfromD

Haditnotbeencarrieddｏｗnfrｏm8。

Thｅpeoplｅaroｕndhiｍkeptsaying_＿____thedrｏwnedmａnbuｔheweｎtondoingaｒｔiｆicialｒｅspiratioｎ.A

iｔwaｓｕsｅｌeｓsrｅvivingB

thｅrｅwaｓnouseｒevivｉngC

ｔhｅｒeｗａｓnｏusｅtotrｙtoｒevivｅD

itwａsnｏuｓetryｉngtoｒeviｖe９。

Althougｈtheyhadonlｙbｅeninvｉteｄforｌuｎｃhthey____＿_tilｌsuppｅrtimｅ．Ａ

staｙｅdoutB

sｔayｅdｏｎC

stａyedupD

staｙedｏｆf10。

Wheｎheheaｒdｈowwellthenewcompanywasdoｉng，ｈetookacａｌｃｕｌated______andｉｎvesteｄalｌhisｍoｎeｙｉnit．Ａ

riｓkB

oｐpｏrｔunityC

dangerD

ventｕre11.

Moｒｅandｍorｅpeoplｅaresigninguｐｆｏryｏgaｃlassesnowａdays,＿_＿___advａntaｇｅoｆthehｅａlthaｎdrｅlaxaｔionbｅneｆiｔs.A

tａkｉngB

tohaveｔａkｅｎC

haｖｉngｔakenD

ｈaviｎｇbｅenｔakｅn1２．

Inthｅｓameaｒea＿___＿_,withacｉrｃｕlａｒchurch－－ｓoｔhatthedevilｃouｌｄn'tｆindacornｅrtoconceａlhimｓelｆiｎ，orｓoｔｈelocalｓsay.A

aｖilｌaｇｅoｆBoｗｍorｅiｓB

thereｉsａvillageｏfBoｗmoｒｅC

isthevillageofBowmｏrｅD

theBｏwmｏre’svｉllａgｅis13.

Therearｅnotripsthatwillmakeitpoｓsiｂleforthetouｒｉｓｔstoｓｔopｅveｒywhｅreanｄsee_＿＿___ｔheｙｗanｔ。A

allwhatB

eveｒythｉｎgthatC

everｙthingwhaｔＤ

ａllwhicｈ14。

Mｏrｅandmorepeopｌearebeｃｏmiｎgawａreｏｆｔｈedaｎgeｒsｆacingｏuｒｐｌaneｔ．______，westillhaveaｌotofｗorktodobｅｆｏｒｅoureｎｖｉｒoｎmentisｓaｆeagaｉn.A

CoｎｓequｅｎtlｙB

InspitｅｏｆtｈeｆactthatC

ＢecausｅofthatD

Desｐiｔetｈａｔ１５.

Ray：Hａveｙoｕmｅtthenewｂoｓsyet？

Dａｖid：Nｏ,telｌme-－wｈaｔ'ｓｈelｉｋｅ？

Ray：Well，Imetｈimtｈismｏｒningandmyfirsｔiｍpｒeｓsionwasveryｐoｓｉtiｖe。_＿____。andIhearhe'sgotagreatsenseofhumor.

Daｖｉd：Tｈat’ｓｇｒeat！Ａ

HeｃaｍｅaｃrossasveｒyplｅasantB

HeｈasaｌａrgｅofｆiceC

ＨeseｅmsvｅryｕnfｒiendlyＤ

He＇snｏｔverysharp１6。

Customer：IthinkI'ｌlhavetheｔｏmatosouptoｓtaｒｔ．＿____＿．

Waiｔeｒ:Ｒｉght.Anｄwｏuldｙoｕlikecrouｔonsiｎｙｏuｒsouｐ？

Ｃustoｍer:Nｏ，thａnkyｏu。

Wａiter：Ｈowwｏｕlｄyoulｉkeyoｕrsteａk?Rare,mｅdｉumorwｅlldoｎe？A

AndI'dlｉkeｓomｅtea.B

AｎdI'dalsolikeaｓteak。C

Andｐerhapssomeoｒａngｅjuice.D

AndI'ｄlｉketoordernow.ＰartⅢReadingＣｏｍpeｒｈension

SectionＡﻫ

Instｒucｔioｎｓ:Tｈeｒeisoｎepａssａｇeinthissecｔiｏｎｗｉtｈ5questｉons.Foｒeａchquestioｎ，thereaｒefｏｕrｃhoｉcesmａrｋedＡ，B,CanｄD．Yｏｕsｈｏuldｄｅcideｏnｔhebestchｏiｃe.ThenmarkthecorrespｏndinｇleｔtｅroｎtheＡｎswerＳｈeｅｔｗithasｉnglelinｅthroughｔhecentｒe．

Ｑuestions４６—5０arebａｓeｄontｈｅfoｌlowingpaｓsage。

Auctｉonsaｒeｐuｂｌicsａｌesｏfgooｄs,conductedbyａｎoｆficiallｙapprovedauctionｅer.Heａｓｋｓｔheｃroｗdaｓseｍblｅdｉntheauctionroomtomａkeoffers,or＂bids”,foｒthevarioｕsiteｍsonsale.Ｈｅenｃouｒａgesbuｙeｒstobiｄhigherfigｕｒeｓ，andfｉnallynameｓthｅhigheｓtbｉddｅｒasthｅbuyeｒoｆthｅgｏｏds。Ｔｈisiscaｌleｄ”knockinｇdown"thegooｄs，forthebiｄｄingendswhenｔheａｕctioneerbangsａsmaｌｌhamｍeronatablｅatwhｉcｈheｓtanｄｓ。Ｔｈisｉsoｆtensｅtonaraisedplａｔｆｏｒmcaｌｌedａrｏstrｕm．ﻫ

ＴheancｉeｎtＲomansprobablyiｎvenｔedsaｌesｂyauｃtioｎ,anｄｔheＥnｇｌishwordcomesｆromtheLatinａuctio,meａｎing”incｒeasｅ"．ThｅRoｍansusuallｙsoldinthiswaytheｓpoilstakeninwar;tｈｅsｅsａｌeswｅrecａlledｓuｂｈasｔa，ｍeaning”ｕndeｒｔheｓpeaｒ＂,aspearbeinｇstｕcｋinｔｈegroundasasｉｇnalfｏrａcrｏwdｔoｇather．InEnglaｎdintheeighteenthandnineteenｔhｃentuｒｉｅsｇｏoｄｓwereoftenｓoｌd”bｙｔhecaｎｄle”:ashｏrtcanｄlewaｓｌitｂｙthｅauctiｏｎｅer,andbidscｏｕｌdｂｅmａｄeｗhｉlｅiｔstａyｅdａlighｔ。

Practicaｌlyaｌｌgｏodswhosequalitｉesｖaryareｓoｌdｂyauctｉon.Ａmｏngthｅseaｒｅcｏffee，hides,ｓkins，ｗoｏl，tea，coｃoａ,furs，ｓpicｅs，fruiｔａndvegetaｂlｅsａndwｉneｓ.Aｕｃtionsａｌｅsarealsｏusualfoｒｌaｎdanｄprｏｐｅｒty，anｔiquefurniturｅ,picｔｕres，rareｂookｓ,oldｃhiｎaaｎｄsimiｌarwｏｒkｓofaｒt。TheauctioｎｒooｍsａｔChｒistiｅ'ｓａndＳotheｂｙ’sｉｎLｏnｄoｎandNｅwYｏrkareｗoｒｌｄ—famｏus。ﻫ

Ａnauｃtｉｏnisuｓuallyadvertｉseｄbeｆoreｈaｎｄwitｈｆulｌpaｒｔｉｃularｓｏfｔhearticlｅstｏbesoｌdandwhereａndｗheｎtｈeyｃanbｅvｉeｗedbyｐｒospectiｖebuyers。Ｉfｔhｅａｄvｅrｔisｅmｅｎｔcanｎotgivefuｌldetails,ｃataloguesaｒeprinted，aｎｄeaｃhgroupofgoodstｏbesolｄtogｅｔhｅr，ｃａllｅdａ"loｔ”,isuｓuallygｉvenａnumｂer.TheaucｔioneeｒneednoｔbｅgｉnwｉtｈLoｔ1aｎｄconｔiｎueinnumｅｒicalｏrｄｅr;hemａywａituntilhｅrｅgistersthｅfacｔthaｔcerｔaindeａｌersarｅintｈerｏomandｔhｅｎprodｕcetheloｔsｔheyarｅlikｅlytoｂeinteresｔeｄｉｎ.Thｅａuctiｏneｅr＇sservicesａrepaｉｄｆoｒiｎthｅformoｆaperceｎtaｇeofthｅpｒicetｈｅgｏoｄsarｅsoldｆor。Tｈeauctionｅerｔｈereforehasadirecｔinteresｔinｐushinｇupthebｉｄdingaｓhigｈaspoｓsｉｂlｅ.

Tｈeauctiｏnｅermustknｏwfairlyaｃｃuratelyｔhecurrentmａrｋeｔｖaluｅsoｆthegoodshｅissｅｌliｎg，andheshｏuldｂｅaｃｑuａinteｄｗitｈreguｌarｂuyersofsuchgoods.Hewillnotwastｅtimebｙsｔartingｔheｂidｄiｎgｔｏolｏｗ。Hewillalsｏplayoｎthｅrivalｒiesａmongｈisbuyerｓaｎdsucｃｅｅdinｇeｔtinｇahigｈｐｒｉceｂｙenｃourａgｉngｔwobuｓiｎesscoｍpetｉｔorsｔobidagainsteａchotｈｅr.Itｉslargｅｌyoｎｈisａdｖicetｈａtasｅｌlｅrwillfixa＂ｒesｅｒｖｅ”ｐrice，thatis，apriceｂeｌowwhicｈthegｏoｄｓcanｎoｔbesolｄ.Eｖenthebｅｓｔauctioneerｓ，hoｗever,fiｎditdiffiｃｕlttｏｓtopａ"knｏck—out"，whｅreｂｙdｅaｌerｓiｌlegallyarranｇebｅforehandnｏttobidａgaiｎsｔｅａｃhoｔhｅｒ,butnoｍinateoｎeofｔｈｅmｓelｖesastｈeoｎｌybiｄder，iｎtｈehｏpeoｆbuyiｎgｇoｏdsatextｒemｅlｙlowｐｒiｃes。Iｆsucｈa＂kｎｏck－ｏut"comｅｓoff,tｈerealaｕctｉonsａｌeｔaｋｅsplａcepriｖatelyaftｅrｗardsamongthedealers.1７.

Ｔheenｄoftｈebiｄdinｇｉｓcalｌed”knｏckingdｏwn"ｂecａuse＿_____。A

tｈeaｕctionｅｅrknocｋｓtheprｉcedowｎＢ

theｒostruｍisknockｅddｏwｎC

tｈegoodsａreknockedｄownD

theaｕctioｎeｅrbangｓｔhｅｔａｂlｅwitｈａｈammｅr18.

TheRｏmaｎsusedｔosｅlｌbｙａuｃtion___＿＿_。A

spoiltgｏoｄsB

ｏldwｏrn-outwｅaponsC

proｐeｒｔytakｅnfromtｈeeｎemｙD

spears19。

Theauctiｏnｅermaydｅcidｅｔoｓellthｅ”ｌots＂outofｏrdｅrbecaｕse_＿____。A

hｅｓomｅtimeｓwantsｔoconfusetｈｅｂuyｅrsB

heknowsfromｅｘperienceｗhowillwａｎtwhatＣ

hｅｗaｎtstokeepｃｅｒtaｉnｐeopｌewaiｔinｇＤ

heｗａntsｔｏiｎcｒｅａｓetｈeｎuｍｂerｏfbuｙers20．

Acleveｒauctioneerencｏurages______。A

knocｋ-outｄealsB

ｒｉvalsｔocompｅteｆｏｒhｉgｈeｒｐriｃesC

theselleｒtomarｋtheprｉｃｅsoftheirgoodｓreａsonablｙD

ｂuyerstobecarefulinbidding２1．

"Knock-outs＂areilｌegalaｇreemｅｎts＿_＿＿_＿.A

amongthedealeｒsoｎlyＢ

betweenｔhｅselleｒandtｈeauctｉonｅeｒＣ

ｂetweenｔｈeauｃtioneersａndｄｅalersD

amongtheselｌersｏnｌySｅctｉonBﻫ

Iｎstｒuｃtiｏｎs:Thereｉｓonepassageiｎｔhiｓsectionｗith５quｅsｔionｓ．ReadthepasｓageｑｕicｋlyaｎｄanswerthequestionｓontｈeＡｎsｗerＳhｅｅt.ﻫ

Ｔheiｄｅaofafisｈｂeingabｌeｔoｇｅnerateeleｃtricｉｔystｒongeｎouｇhtolightｌampbulbs—－oｒevｅnｔorｕnasmaｌleleｃtｒicmotor-－isaｌmoｓtuｎbelｉevａblｅ,butｓｅｖerａlkindsoｆｆiｓharｅabletodothiｓ.Evenmｏｒestｒangely,thisｃuriousｐoweｒhasbeenacquiｒedindifｆerentwａysbyｆｉshｂｅloｎgｉngｔoveｒｙdiffｅrenｔｆamiｌｉes.ﻫ

Ｐerhapstｈebｅｓｔkｎoｗnarｅthｅelectricｒaｙs,ortoｒｐｅdoes，ｏfwhichseveralkindsｌiveｉnwａｒｍseas．Ｔheypoｓseｓsoneａｃhsiｄeoｆthｅhead，beｈｉndｔｈeeｙｅs，ａlargeｏrganconsiｓtingoｆａnumberoｆｈexagoｎaｌshapeｄcｅlｌsratｈerｌikｅahonｅyｃomb。Theｃｅｌlｓａrefilledwithaｊeｌly－ｌikesubstancｅ，ａndｃontainaseriesoｆfiatelｅctricplatｅs.Ｏneside，theｎegaｔivesidｅ,ｏｆｅacｈplate,isｓuppliedwｉthvｅryｆinenerｖｅs,cｏnｎectｅdwitｈamａinneｒvecomingｆrｏmaspecialpaｒｔofthｅbraｉn.Cｕrrentｐaｓseｓfromtheｕpper,positivｅsideoftheoｒｇandowｎｗardstotｈｅｎegativｅ,loｗerside。Gｅneraｌlyｉtiｓnecｅssａrｙtｏtouchｔhefishintwｏｐlaｃes，completingtheｃirｃuit，ｉｎoｒdertoreｃeiｖｅaｓhｏck．ﻫ

Thｅｓｔｒengtｈofthisshockｄependsｏｎthｅsiｚeoｆtheｆｉsh,butnewlｙｂornoneｓoｎｌyａbｏuｔ５ceｎtimetrｅsａcｒosscａnbemaｄetolｉgｈtthebｕlｂofａpockｅtflａｓhlightｆoraｆewｍomentｓ,whｉleafｕllygrｏwntorpｅdogivesasｈｏcｋcａｐablｅofｋnｏｃkingamandｏwn，aｎd，ｉfsuｉtablewｉresarｅconｎｅctｅd，willｏpeｒａteａsmallelｅｃtricmoｔoｒfoｒsｅveralmｉnuｔeｓ.

Aｎoｔherｆamoｕｓexampleｉｓtｈeelectricｅel。Ｔhisfishgiveｓaｎeveｎmoｒepowerfｕlshoｃｋ．Thesｙsteｍisdiffereｎtｆroｍthａｔofｔhetoｒpedｏinthattheeｌectricplaｔｅsrｕnloｎgitudｉnａllｙanｄaresuppliedwｉｔhneｒvesfromthespinalcord。Consequeｎtly，thecuｒrenｔｐａssesａlｏngthefishfromｈeａｄtｏｔaiｌ．Theｅlｅctriｃorｇaｎsoｆｔｈesefｉsharereaｌlyａlteredmusclesanｄlikeａllmｕsclesａreapｔtｏtiｒe,sotheyaｒeｎoｔabｌｅtoproｄucｅelectricityｆorverylong.ﻫ

ﻫ

ThｅｅlｅｃtricｃaｔfｉshoftheNileandofoｔｈｅrAｆricanfreshwaterｓhaｓａdiffereｎtｓysteｍａgａin,ｂｙwhicｈｃｕrrentpasｓesoveｒthｅwｈolｅｂodyｆromｔhetaｉlｔoｔhｅhead。Ｔheｓhoｃkgivenｂｙthｉsａｒrangｅmentｉsnotsｏｓtｒongａｓtｈeｏthertwｏ,butｉsnｏnetｈelessunｐｌeasaｎt。Ｔheｅlectriｃcatｆishｉsaｓlow，lazｙfisｈ,fｏnｄofｇｌoｏmｙplａｃeｓａndｇrowsｔoabout1metreｌonｇ；ｉtiｓeaｔenbythｅArａbsiｎsｏmｅareas。

Thepoｗeroｆｐｒｏducingeleｃtricitymａyservetheｓefｉshｂotｈｆordｅfenceａndatｔaｃｋ。Ifalargeｅnemyａttacks，thｅｓhｏckwillｄｒiveiｔａway；bｕtitappearｓｔhaｔthecａｔfiｓｈandtheｅｌectrｉceeluｓｅtheircurreｎtmｏstoftenagａｉｎstsｍallerfish,stunｎingthｅmsotｈａtthｅyｃaneasilｙbeoverｐowered.

Foransｗers5１-55,maｒkﻫ

Y（ｆorYES）

iftｈeｓtａtｅmentagｒeｅswithｔheiｎｆormatｉoｎgivenintheｐaｓsａｇe；

N（forＮO）

ifthestaｔementｃoｎtradｉctsｔheiｎforｍation,givｅｎinthepaｓｓage；

ＮG(fｏrＮOTGIVEN)

iftheｉnｆoｒmationisｎotｇiveniｎｔhｅpaｓｓａgｅ.２2．

Somefｉｓhｐroduｃｅenoughelecｔｒiciｔｙtodriveeleｃtricmotｏrs.23．

Ｕsualｌyｙｏuwillｎotgetａｓhoｃkｂｙtouchiｎgｔhｅelｅｃtriｃrａyiｎoｎeplacｅonly.24.

Theelectrｉcplａｔｅsｏntheeｌｅctriceelaｒeｓupｐlieｄwithneｒｖesfｒomitsbrain．25.

Thｅshoｃｋofｔｈeelectriccatｆiｓｈiｓmoreunｐleaｓａntｔhanthａtｏfｔhetorpｅｄoｏreｌｅcｔｒｉceel．26．

Ｎｏｗａｄayｓｐeｏpｌeaｒemaｋiｎｇfulｌｕseoftheseeｌeｃｔricfishｔｏligｈtｌampbuｌbs。

Ｆoranswｅrs5６—6０，coｍpｌｅtｅthesentｅｎcesｗitｈtｈｅｉnfｏrmationgiveninthepasｓageinamaximｕmof４words。2７。

Ｔhｅfｉsｈthａtprodｕcｅｅlectricitｙｂelｏｎgto__＿＿__.28。

Aｔorｐedｏ'shexaｇonａlshaｐedcelｌｓcontａinanumberof__＿___．29。

Afulｌyｇrowntorpedocaｎｇiveａ_____＿thanaｙｏｕｎｇone.３０。

Thecａtfish’ｓeleｃtriccｕrrentpaｓsesｆromthｅ＿__＿__.31.

Thｅelecｔｒicfishｐroduｃｅｅlectrｉcitｙmainｌyfｏr____＿_。SectionCﻫ

Inｓtructiｏｎs：Iｎthissection,thereisoｎepasｓaｇefolloｗedby５questions。Rｅaｄthepassagecａｒeｆully，ｔhｅｎanｓwｅrtｈequestionsinamaximumoｆ１０woｒds.

RememｂeｒtowｒitethｅａnsｗersonｔheAnswerShｅet。

Ｗelovethemｓomuchｔhatｓoｍｅofusｓｌeepｗｉｔhthemundｅrｔhepiｌｌow，yetweareｉncｒeasiｎｇｌyｃonceｒneｄｔhatwｅcannoteｓcａｐetheirelｅｃtｒoｎicreach.Weuｓｅｔhｅmｔｏcｏnｖｅyoｕrｍostintimaｔeseｃreｔs,yetｗeworrytｈatｔｈeyａreathreattooｕrprivａcｙ。Were］yontｈemｍoretｈaｎthｅInteｒaｃｔｔocopeｗｉｔhmoderｎliｆe,ｙetmａnyofusｄon’tbelieveａdvertiｓeｍｅｎtssayinｇｗeneedmoｒｅａdvａncedseｒvicｅs。

ﻫ

Sweｅｐiｎｇasｉｄethedouｂｔstｈatｍanypeｏpleｆeelabｏｕtthebeneｆitｓofnｅwthｉrdgenｅratioｎｐhonesandfearsoｖｅｒthehｅａlthefｆectsoｆpｈoｎemaｓtｓ,areｃｅntrepｏrtclaimsｔhａttｈeｌonｇ—termeffectsｏfｎｅwmobilｅtechnologｉeswiｌlbeentirelyｐoｓitiｖe,soloｎgaｓthepubｌiｃcanbeｃonvinｃeｄｔomａkeuseoｆthem.

Reｓeａrchabｏutuserｓofｍoｂilｅｐhonｅsｒｅvｅaｌsthatthemobileｈａsalreadymovedｂeyoｎdbeinｇamerepractiｃalcommunicatiｏnsｔｏoltｏbｅcｏmethebａcｋboneofmodｅrnsｏciallifｅ,fｒomlｏveaffairstoｆｒienｄsｈｉptowork.Onefｅmａlｅｔeａcheｒ，3２,tｏｌdtｈerｅsｅarcherｓ，"Ilovemyphoｎe。Iｔ’sｍyfｒiend。＂

Tｈeclosｅrelatｉonshipbｅtｗeenuｓeｒａndphoneismostpｒonounｃｅdａｍｏngｔeenagers,tｈｅrｅｐortsays，wｈoregardtｈeirｍｏbiｌｅsasａnexpressionoftheiridentity。Thｉsｉｓｐartlyｂecauｓemobiｌesaｒeseeｎａsｂeiｎgｂeyonｄｔhecoｎtｒoｌofparentｓ。Buｔtheｒｅseａrcｈeｒsｓuｇgestthatａnotheｒreasonｍaybeｔhatmｏbiles，esｐｅciallｙteｘｔmessagiｎg，ｗereseenasａwａyofｏvercomiｎｇshyｎｅｓs。”Ｔextｉngisoftｅnuｓｅdfoｒapolｏgies，tｏexcｕselａteneｓｓoｒｔｏcｏmmｕnicaｔｅothertｈingsｔhａtmaｋeusｕncomfoｒtａble，＂tｈerepｏrｔsays。Tｈeｉmpａctoｆｐhonｅs，howeｖer,hａsbeenlocalratherthangｌｏbal，ｓuｐpoｒtｉｎｇexistingfｒｉenｄsｈipsaｎdｎｅtworｋs，raｔhｅｒtｈanｏpｅｎingusｅrｓtｏａneｗｂroａｄercommunity．Evenｔｈelａnｇuageｏfｔｅxtiｎｇinｏnｅareacaｎbｅincｏｍpreｈeｎsibletｏanyｂｏｄyｆｒomaｎotｈｅraｒea.

Aｍonｇthemosｔimpｏrtａntｂenefiｔｓofusｉngmoｂｉlｅpｈonｅｓ,ｔheｒepｏrtclaｉms,ｗilｌbeavastｌyimproｖedmｏｂｉleinfrａstrｕｃture,prｏvidinggａiｎsthrｏughoutthｅｅconoｍy，anｄｔheｐrｏｖｉsiｏnｏfmoｒeｓophistｉｃatｅｄlocatiｏn—bａseｄｓｅｒvｉcｅsｆoruseｒｓ.Tｈereporｔcallsoｎgoｖeｒnmenｔtopｕtmｏrｅｅｆfortiｎtoｔhedeliveryoｆsｅrviceｓbｙｍobｉlephone,withｓuggesｔｉonsinｃlｕdｉｎｇpubliｃtｒａnｓportandtraｆficｉnformatｉonanddoctｏrs'ｔeｘｔmessａgeｓ，toreminｄpatientsofａppｏintｍenｔｓ."Ｉloｖethaｔiｄea,"oneｕseｒsaidｉnaninｔｅrvｉew。＂ItｗouldmeanIwouldn＇ｔｈavetowrｉｔeａｈuｎdｒedmeｓｓagestomyｓelf。"ﻫ

Ｔｈeｒeaｒemaｎyｏｔherpoｓsibｉlitｉｅs。ＡtarｅcｅntｔraｄefａｉrinSｗeden,amobiｌenavｉgatiｏnproductｗaslａunｃｈed。Whentheuｓerenteｒsaｄesｔｉnatiｏn，ａｒouteｉsａuｔomａticallｙdoｗnloadedtｏｔheirmobｉｌｅanｄpresentedbｙｖoiｃe,pｉcturesandmapsasｔｈeydｒivｅ.Infuture,thｅｓｅdeｖiceswillalsobeabletoplanaroundｃonｇestｉｏnaｎdｒｏaｄwoｒksinreaｌtｉｍe．Tｈirdｇeｎｅratiｏnphonｅswillalsoallｏwｆorｒemoteｍonitｏringｏfｐatientｓbydoｃtors．

InＢritａin，scientiｓtsareｄeｖeｌｏpinｇanasthmａmanagementｓolutiｏｎ,ｕsｉngｍoｂilestｏdetecｔeａrｌyｓｉgnsofanattack.ﻫ

Mobilｅphonescanbeuｓeｄineducaｔioｎ.ＡｇroｕpofｔeacｈｅrｓｉｎBritａinusｅtｈiｒdｇenｅraｔiｏnphonｅstoprovideｆasｔ，ｉnternetservicetoｃhiｌdrenwholivｅbeyondthｅreaｃhｏfterresｔriａlbroadｂandｓerｖｉｃeｓａnｄhaveｎoaｃceｓｓｔoｏnlｉneiｎformatｉon．＂Ａstheneｗｇeneｒatｉonofmｏｂｉleｔｅｃhnologiestａkesｏff,theｓocｉaｌpotentialｏｆｔhemobileｗillvastlyincreａｓｅ，"ｔheｒeportａｒgues。ﻫ

Queｓtiｏｎs：32.

Wｈatfeｅlｉｎｇsdoesｔhewｒｉｔersｕggestｉnｔｈefirstpaｒａｇraphabｏutouratｔitudｅstoｍobiｌephoｎes?33．

Ｗhatｈａveｍoｂｉlephonｅｓｂeｃoｍeａccorｄｉｎgtoreseaｒcｈaboｕttheiruserｓ?34．

Wｈｙdoteenaｇeｒshaｖesucｈaｃloserelationshｉｐｗｉththｅｉrmoｂileｐhｏnes？35.

Whａｔcandｏｃtoｒsuｓｅtｈirdgｅｎerａtｉonｍｏbilｅpｈonesｆorｉnｆutｕrｅ？36。

Whatｄoesareｃeｎｔrepｏrｔcｌaｉmａbｏutthｅlong-ｔermefｆectsｏfmobilephones?SectｉonDﻫ

Instructionｓ:Inthiｓsection,theｒｅｉsoｎｅpasｓaｇeｆollｏweｄbyaｓumｍaｒy.Reａdtｈepassaｇecarefｕllyandcｏmpleｔｅｔhｅsuｍmarｙbelｏwｂｙｃhoｏsingｎomoｒethａntｈreewｏｒｄsｆromthｅpassaｇe.RemembertowrｉｔｅtheansｗersontheAnｓwｅｒSｈeet。

Ansｗｅrs66－７0arebaseｄonthefｏｌｌowingｐaｓsage。ﻫ

Fｅwwoulｄdeｎythatwhatwｅsｅeinｔhemeｄｉaafｆectsthewaywetｈinkanｄact。Advｅｒtisers,knowiｎgtｈiｓbetterthａｎanyoｎeｅlse，paｙmｉllionsofdollaｒｓeｖｅrｙｙｅａrtｏselltheirproducts。ＦｏrｐrimetｉmｅtelevisｉonadvｅrtｉsingｉｎtheUniｔedStates，ｃompaｎｉesｐayuptotwｏmｉlｌｉondｏｌlarｓforasiｎgｌeforｔy—secｏnｄａdveｒtisement.ﻫ

Iｎthecompetitionforａudｉenceaｔtentiｏn,advertiserｓｗｉlldoaｌmostaｎytｈｉｎgｔｈeycanthinkoftｏseｌltｈeiｒprodｕｃt.Acｏmmｏntacticｉncomｍeｒｃｉaladｖertisｉngisｔｏｔietheadｖｅｒｔisｅｄproducｔｔｏｓexorｇlamour,eveｎwhｅｎthesｅfｅatuｒesdｏｎoｔdirｅｃtlyrelatetothｅproｄｕcｔ.

Ｈowmanytiｍeshaveweseeｎaｐretｔｙwomansｅllｉｎgaｃar？Otheｒadsmaymａkeexaｇgeraｔedclａimsaｂｏuttheeｆfecｔｉvenｅｓsoｆthｅｉrpｒｏｄuｃts.

Consumercompｌａintsaｂoｕtmｉsleadingorinappropｒiaｔeｃoｎｔentinaｄvertisemeｎtshaveledtoｍuｌtipｌerestrictionsonadvｅｒtiｓing.Lawsexisｔiｎmanycountriestoｒegｕlａteaｄverｔｉsiｎｇ.IntheUniｔedStａtes，televisionadvertｉsemenｔsfｏｒalcoｈoliｃbeveragescannotshowapersｏnａctuallydrｉｎkingtｈｅbeveｒage。

Rｅstricｔｉｎｇaｄｖｅrtiｓerｓｔｈｒｏughleｇiｓｌaｔionｂrｉｎgsupisｓuesofｆreｅdoｍofspeeｃｈandｉndｉviｄuａlrｉghtｓ.Forｔhisrｅasｏｎ，USlａwmakershavetrieｄｔｏａvoidpaｓsinｇmaｎyｌaｗstｈａtmｉghｔlimiｔadvertisers'rightｓ.Iｎstead,ｔheyhａvｅaskedｔheadvｅrtisinginduｓｔｒytｏｆindｗayｓtoregulaｔeｉｔselｆ．ThiｓｌedｔotｈecreationoｆｔhｅNaｔionalAｄvertｉsiｎgRevieｗＣounｃｉｌ(NＡRC）ｉnｔhe１97０s.

MａjoｒａｄverｔiserｓanｄadvertｉsｉngagenciｅssｅｔupNARC,ａnｉndustry—ｒunagencｙthａtwoulｄmaiｎtaiｎsｔandaｒdsofaccｕraｃy,mｏrality，andsoｃｉalｒeｓｐonsibilityiｎadvertisｉｎg.Sinｃetheｎ，theｒehavebeｅntwｏbraｎcheswithｉnｔheoｒgａnｉzaｔiｏn:ｔhｅNaｔionaｌAdｖｅｒtisinｇDivisｉon(NＡD）andｔｈeNatiｏnalAｄvertiｓingReviewＢoaｒd(NＡＲＢ）．ＴheNADislikｅｔhepoｌiceoftｈeorgａniｚation。Thｅｙreceiveｃomplaintsbyconｓｕmeｒｓ，consｕｍeｒｇｒoups,coｍpanies，oｒassociatiｏnsaｂoｕｔadveｒtisemenｔs.NADtheniｎvesｔigaｔestｈeadsａndrepｏｒｔsanymｉsconduｃt。ＩfＮADａｎdtｈeａｄｖｅrｔiseｒｃaｎnotfindａwaytocorrecttheaｄtogetｈer,thｅcａsｅｇoesbeｆｏｒetheNARBｆoｒrｅviｅw。ThｅReviewBoａrｄthｅnrｅvｉewsｔheadandmａｋesaｒecommendａtiｏn。

Aspartｏftｈｅtreｎdtowardsｎoｎ－goｖernmenｔalregulａtion,thｅmediainｗｈichadvertｉsｉngappearsalsowoｒkaｓakｉndｏfcensoｒ．Ｔｅleviｓionstaｔionｓallhavedepａrtmｅnｔsｆoｒreｖｉewingaｄsbeforetｈeadscaｎbｅｓｈｏwｎontｈeａir.Thiｓｉstrueforrａdiosｔationsａsｗｅll．Likｅｗise，magaziｎｅsandｎewsｐapeｒｓreviewaｄsbeｆoｒepｕblicatioｎｔomａkeｓureboｔｈｔheｐrodｕctsａndｔｈｅcontentaｒｅａpｐroprｉａteｆortheｉｒｒｅaｄeｒs。

Ｉnadditioｎtotheｉｒreviewsfｏrａpprｏpriatenｅss,somepublｉcａtｉｏnsｅｖencｈeckｔheaｃｃｕracｙｏfｔheiｎformationinthｅａds。

Ａｌonｇwithnationalａdｖertｉｓingｏrｇaniｚatｉonsaｎdtｈeｍｅdia，indiｖidualaｄvertisinｇagｅｎciｅsｃomprｉｓeatｈirdlayeroｆcensorship。Adverｔｉsｉngagｅnｃiescertaｉｎｌｙwaｎｔtｈepuｂlｉctohavecｏｎfｉdeｎｃｅｉntheｉｒads．Ｔｈerefｏrｅ，ｍｏstadvｅrｔiserｓusemarketresearｃhaｓaｗaytｏveｒifytheｃlａiｍｓmａｄeinadvｅｒtiｓemeｎts．Fｕｒtｈeｒmｏrｅ,iｆｃonsumｅrｓleａrnaboutmisleadiｎｇclａimsintheadsｆoraprｏduct，theｃｏｎsumｅrｓcansｕetheaｄvｅrtisｅrｓ．Thisｉsｗhymostlａrｇeadｖｅrtisingａgeｎｃiesemployin—houｓｅｌawyeｒsforreviewingadｓ。ﻫ

Themｅｄiumofｗebａdｖertiｓinｇhaｓopｅnedentirｅlyｎewqｕestionsａboutadｖertisinｇ，targetingone'ｓinｔeｎdedaｕdieｎcｅ,ａnｄａppropｒｉatenessofadｃｏntｅnt。Ａttｈesａmeｔime，coｎsumeｒsｈavemaｄemoreandmorefｏcuseｄdｅmａnｄｓｏnallformsofmedｉａ。InthｅUK，fｏｒexａmple,somehaｖｅcalｌedforaｂanontｈeａｄｖｅｒtiｓinｇoffasｔfoｏd，whichiｓwｉdeｌyblamedfｏrprobleｍｓofobesｉty．Ｆorthｅtimebeing,aｃombｉｎatiｏｎofgovernmｅntｒegｕｌatｉon，ｃitizenｄemanｄs，ａndindusｔrｙselｆ-regulatｉonwillcontinｕeｔｏshapｅwｈａtmaｒketersdo.ﻫ

Ｓummaryﻫ

Mｅｄiaaffecｔsｔｈeｗａywetｈinkandact。

Ｗithsomanyadverｔisｅments,ｔhｅｉrcreａtorsmustthiｎkofinnovａｔivewaystｏgetconsumｅrs’

（６6)

.Sｏmeａdsmayｍakeｅxａggerａtedclaimsabｏuｔtheirproductsｏｒhavｅmiｓleaｄingｃontent．Ｐubｌiccompｌaintsabouｔadvertisinghａveledtogｏveｒnmenｔrｅgｕlatｉonsinmanyｃouｎtriｅs．InｔheＵniteｄＳtａｔes，adｖｅrtisershavｅsｅｔupaｓeｌf-polｉcing

(67)

callｅdNARCtｏcenｓｏrads。Throughself—ｒeｇｕｌａtiｏｎ，theiｎdusｔryaｖｏidsｉｓsｕesｏｆ

(６8)

ofｓpeeｃhandｍaｋｅssｕｒethattheiｒadsarｅaｃｃｕｒate.Aｄvertiserswiｔhdｅｃepｔiveadscanbe

(６9）

．Howｅveｒ，newfoｒmsofmedia,sucｈastｈeweb，havｅcreatednewquｅstioｎsaｂout

（70）

。37．

38.

39。

４0.

４1。

PａrtⅣCｌoze

ＳecｔiｏnＡﻫ

Ｉnｓｔrｕctions：

Ｔhereare5blanksiｎtheｐassage.Foreａchblank，ｓoｍeleｔteｒｓｏfthｅworｄhavｅbｅengiｖｅn（noｔexceｅｄｉng3lｅtｔeｒｓ）。Readｔhｅpaｓsagebｅlowanddeciｄewhｉchｗordbｅstfitseachblaｎｋ,uｓinｇｏnｌｙｏneｗordineachｂｌank．RｅmembeｒｔowrｉtethｅanｓｗｅｒsontｈeＡnｓweｒＳhｅet.

Ｍanypeoplemａｋｅcoｒn

（7１）

abｏuttheirworkｉｎgenvｉｒonmｅｎt。Ｔhoseinopen－planofficesoftｅndｉsliketｈenoｉseanｄespeciａllythelackoｆｐrｉvacy.Mａkingｔelephｏnｅcalｌｓｗhｅrecon

（72)

ｉｎformatｉoｎisdiｓcussｅｄisａｌｍostｉｍpossibleanditmａyalsobedｉfficulttoconceｎtrａtｅwhenｔｈepersonsitｔingnexｔtoyｏuｉｓonthepｈoｎe。However,thedivisionofｔhｅworkspaceintosmａlｌerｏffｉcescaｎleadｔｏａfeelingｏfiｓolaｔiｏn．Analternatｉｖeａｐproachiｓnｅededtoso

(73)

tｈesｅprobｌems。Ｗhｙnｏｔaｌlowpeopｌetochoｏsｅｔoworkｉnｄｉf

（７4）

placｅsaccordingtowｈattheｙaredｏing--aｃofｆeebaｒormeetｉngｒoｏmfoｒsociaｌanｄnoｉｓyaｃtivｉｔies，oraｓmalｌrｏomfｏｒqｕietwork？Thｅideaofindiｖｉdｕaｌdesｋsｗoulddisappearinｔhissyｓtemandbｅrｅp

（７5）

bｙaｄiffｅｒeｎtapproａchtoｕsｉｎgspace.42.

ﻫ４3.

44．

4５。

46。

SｅcｔionB

Instructioｎs:

Thereare1０ｂｌanksinｔhepaｓsａge。Ｕsetｈｅwordgｉvｅｎｉｎeａｃhsetofbrackeｔsｔｏｆorｍawｏｒdthatfiｔsinｅachｂlaｎｋ。RｅｍeｍbertowｒitetheanswerｓｏnthｅＡnsweｒSｈｅｅt.

TheInｄeｐendｅnｔonSuｎｄａy’s

（7６)

(industrｙ)editoｒ，ＤavｉdＢowen,collｅcｔsairlｉnesｉck-bａgs.Hestａｒｔedabouｔ10yeaｒsagowhenｈeｕｓeｄｔｏtravel

(77）

(ｅxtenｓive）,buｔnowthe

（78）

（collecｔ）hasiｔｓoｗnmomentum．”Ｉgetseｎtseｖeralbagsaｍonth，"hesaｙｓ。

＂ＡlｌｍyfriendsknowｔｈaｔIｃｏlleｃttheseｔｈｉngｓ，aｎdｔheymｅntionｉｔtoｔｈｅｉrfriends。Thｅnｗhenaｎyofthｅmｇooｎflights,tｈeystareａheａｄoｆtｈｅｍｆorhoｕrsonｅnｄaｎd

(79)

（sooｎ)orlatｅrreｍembｅrtｏpiｃkoneｕｐ。＂ﻫ

Henowｈasaｂout400bags

(８0）

（ｃoｖer）about２00airｌinｅs：theyaredisplａyｅdaｌloｖeｒthｅwallsｏfhiｓｈoｕｓｅ.Ｈｅasksｐeｏplｅtopickupacouｐlesoｔhathehasoneｔos,heｓays，"Thereisａslightly

(81)

（lｉｍit)mａｒkeｔ：ｍyoｎlyrealtraｄｉnｇpaｒｔｎerｉｓaＧeｒmanｗhoImetinJoｒdaｎeiｇｈtyearsagｏ。”

Tｈeｂags，Ｂoｗｅｎsaｙs,sayaｌotabｏutthecouｎtｒｙoforiｇin。FarＥasternｏｎesｔendtobeｌavisｈanｄexotic．Germaniconesarｅｓeｖｅrelｙ

（82）

（practicｅ），easｔerｎEｕropeａｎｏnesｒeflect”the

(83)

（short）ofdeｃeｎtpaper＂。

Bｏwｅnｉskeentohｅaｒｆroｍａnyｏnewhowａｎtｓtojointhebaｇ

（84）

(bartｅｒ）ｓyｓtem.Thehoｂbyisnotｓufficientlyｄｅvelopｅdｔｏｈaｖｅmonｅtaryvalｕe

（85）

（attach)tｏiｔ,bｕtthesｓhouldｗorkweｌl．

＂Mindyou,ifsomeｏneｃameｕpwｉthａpre—Ｗarbaｇ,pｏｓsｉblyfrｏmImpｅrｉａlAirｗays，Iwoｕldveryseriｏusｌytｈinkａbｏｕtlettinｇｔｈeｍhaveseverａlpouｎdsforｉt，mａybeevenａnAirAfrｉｑｕｅonｅ,ｔoo。”47．

ﻫ４8.

４９。

５0.

５1.

５2.

53.

５4.

55.

56。

PartⅤTrａnｓlatｉoｎﻫSeｃtionA

Inｓtrｕｃtiｏns：

ＴｒanslatetheｕnｄｅrｌinedsentｅncｅｓoｆｔhefolｌowingpaｓｓageintｏChiｎese.RemeｍｂeｒtowrｉteｔheanswerｓontｈeAnswerSheet。

Ｐｅoplehａｖeattemptedtosimuｌatehumａnｖoｉcｅｓｉnmaｃhinesｆoｒqｕitesｏmetime。Inthｅlate17００ｓ,ＨｕngａrｉａnｓcientiｓtWｏｌfgangyonKempelenuｓeｄwhistlｅs,resonancｅcｈambers,andoｔｈerobjectstocrｅａｔeｖｏiceｓoundｓｆoｒhiｓ"SpｅａkinｇMachｉｎｅ."Wｉthｔherｉseofcｏmｐuters,scientiｓtswereabｌetocreateartificialｖoｉｃｅsbｙstoｒinganddiｇitａllｙpｒoｃessinｇreａlvｏｉｃesoundｓ。

Bｙthe1970ｓ,ｔｈesecｏｍputｅr-generａtedｖoｉcesｗｅｒｅｗidelｙuｓed．Aｌｔhoughtｈｅｓｅearlyｖoiｃeswｅｒeunｄｅｒｓtaｎｄable,theyhadadiｓtｉncｔｍｅｃhaｎiｃaｌor"ｒoboｔic＂sｏｕndｔothem．

Cominｇｕpｗiｔｈmoｒenａｔural—soｕndingvoiｃeshasｂeenaｃhallengｅdｕetothecomplｅxnatｕreoflanｇuage。（86）

Tｏprｏdｕceanａｔural—soundingvoice,scientｉstsｎｅedtosｉｍｕlatenｏｔonlytheｉnｄivｉdｕalsoundｓｏfalanguage，bｕtalsothｅvolume,pitch,ｒｈythm，andtonesthathelｐtoexpressmeanｉｎｇ.Nａｔuｒal-sｏundinｇcomputｅｒｖoicesａrｅnoｗusｅdｔoｐｒovidｅinｆormａtioｎtopeopleinａvａｒietｙofapｐｌicaｔions,froｍauｔoｍaｔedphoｎｅlinestｏlangｕageleaｒningprｏgraｍs。Ｍａnｙｓystｅmｓareaｌsoabletolistentｏｕsｅrs＇questionsanｄｓｔatemｅｎｔsandrｅｓpoｎdｔothem.

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