Unit2LessonsinLifeUsinglanguage课件高中英语外研版选择性

新外研社高中英语选择性必修四Unit2LessonsinLife

UsingLanguageGrammarLookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandmatchthemtothereasonswhythepassivevoiceisused.aOndiscoveringthatMorrieisbeingweakenedbyasevere

illness,…b...TuesdayswithMorrieisjustmadeupofacollectionofover-emotionalthoughtsandmessages,...cAboxoftissueswillbeneededtogetthroughthisbook!1Thesubjectisnotknown,isunimportant,or“peopleingeneral”andcanbeomitted.cAboxoftissueswillbeneededtogetthroughthisbook!2Thefocusofthesentencesisontherecipientoftheaction,notonthesubjectofthesentence.aOndiscoveringthatMorrieisbeingweakenedbyasevereillness,…3Thesubjectgoeswithlengthyexpressionsthatarebetterputattheend.b...TuesdayswithMorrieisjustmadeupofacollectionofover-emotionalthoughtsandmessages,...longsubject被动语态英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。以下几种情况常用被动语态：1)不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；2)为了强调动作的承受者；3)主语有较长的修饰语时；4)通知、公告，新闻报道和科技报道等。一、几种常见的被动语态构成1.一般现在时：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词

egThebooksarefoundinthebag.Acapisputinthebag.2.一般过去时：was/were+及物动词的过去分词

eg

Hewasnothappybecausehewaspunishedbyhisparents.3.一般将来时：will/begoingto+be+及物动词的过去分词

eg

Thecarswillbesentabroadbysea.Anewbridgeisgoingtobebuiltovertheriver.4.过去将来时：wouldbe+及物动词的过去分词

egHeknewhewouldbepunishedforit.5.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词

egTheclothesarebeingwashed.6.过去进行时：was/were+being+及物动词的过去分词egTheytoldmethatthecasewasbeinginvestigated.7.现在完成时：have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词

eg

Hishomeworkhasnotbeenfinished.8.过去完成时：had+been+及物动词的过去分词egWhenIcamein,theticketshadbeensoldout.9.含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词

eg

Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinafterclass.二、使用被动语态时应注意的问题☆被动语态除用“be+及物动词-ed形式”构成外，还可用

“get+及物动词-ed形式”结构。常见的可与get连用的过

去分词有broken,burned,caught,drowned,drunk,fired,

hurt,wounded,lost等。如：Igotbadlyburnedbythesunyesterday.Thebooksseemtohavegotlost.3.某些与can’t,won’t等连用的不及物动词，如move,lock,

shut,open等。如：Thestonecan’tmove.Thedoorwon’tshut.☆某些及物动词和短语动词不用于被动语态，如cost,lack,

fit,own,wish,belongto等。如：Thetripwillcostyou$1,000.(√)Youwillbecost$1,000bythetrip.(×)JohnSmithalwayslacksconfidence.(√)ConfidenceisalwayslackedbyJohnSmith.(×)☆含双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时，两个宾语均可作被

动语态中的主语。如果把主动句中的直接宾语(指物)变为被动句中的主语，则需在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词to或for。常接to的动词有give,tell,lend,show,pass,hand等；常接for的动词有buy,get等。如：SomebodygaveGinaapresentyesterday.→Ginawasgivenapresentyesterday.→ApresentwasgiventoGinayesterday.Nowlookformoresentenceswiththepassivevoiceinthereadingpassageandtalkaboutwhyitisused.Afterfinishingit,IfeelIhavebeengivenadeeperinsightintotheworldandcanseethingsfromadifferentpointofview.ReadingthisbookmademefeelasifI'dbeenwokenupfromalongsleepandfinallyopenedmyeyestotheworld!…TuesdayswithMorrieisjustmadeupofacollectionofover-emotionalthoughtsandmessages,manyofwhich

arerepeated.ThebookmademestopandthinkabouthowmuchIaminfluencedbypopularculture......,knowingthatyouarelovedandhavelovedothersasmuchasyoucould.wasbuiltwaspainted随堂练1.John___________(elect)presidentoftheclass.2.Smoking_______________(notallow)inpublicplacesinChina.3.Oh,mygod!Ourhouse_______________(break)intolastnight.Lookatthefootprintsonthefloor.4.Theycangohomeassoonasthehomework_____________(finish).5.ThereasonwhyIhaven’tmovedintothenewflatisthatit_________________(repair).随堂练waselectedisn’tallowedwasbrokenisfinishedisbeingrepairedRewritetheparagraphusingthepassivevoicewhereappropriate.Thesubjectisunimportantandcanbeomitted.Thesubjectis“peopleingeneral”andcanbeomitted.Thefocusofthesentencesisontherecipientoftheaction,notonthesubjectofthesentence.Thesubjectgoeswithlengthyexpressions.Sinceancienttimes,storytellinghasbeenawaytoshareandpassonwisdom.OneimportantearlyworkthatdidsowasAesop'sFables,acollectionofstoriesthatiscreditedtoAesop,aGreekstoryteller.ItisbelievedthatAesoplivedinAncientGreecebetween620BCand564BC.Mostofthecharactersinhisstoriesareanimals,thequalitiesofwhichwereusedtoreflecthumantraitsandwisdombyAesop.Eachfableteachesalifelessonthatissummarisedinashortphraseattheendofthestory,calledamoral.Today,Aesop'sFablesisstillenjoyedbychildrenandadultsallaroundtheworld.LookatthepicturesandwritethestoryfromAesop'sFables.Usethepassivevoicewhereappropriate.Alittlemousewascaughtbyalion.Themousewaslettogo.Thelionwastrappedbyanet.Thelionwassavedbythemouse.Onedayalittlemousewascaughtbyalion.Thelionwantedtoeatthemouse,butthemousesaidthathewouldhelpthelionsomeday,ifhewaslettogo.Thelionthought,“Howcanagreatanimalbehelpedbyalittleanimal?”Butthemousewasallowedtoleave.Severaldayslater,thelionwascaughtbyahunter’snet.Themousebitthenetwithhisstrongteethandhelpedthelionout.Thankstothelittlemouse,thelionwassavedandfinallyadmittedthatthestrongcouldsometimesbehelpedbytheweak.ProverbsaboutlifeMeaning:Actionsareabetterreflectionofone’scharacterbecauseit’seasytosaythings,butdifficulttoactonthemandfollowthrough.Example:Juliealwayssaysshe’lldonatetotheschool,andsheneverdoes,soIdoubtwhethershewillthisyear.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords,afterall.Whatproverbsdoyouknow?Whichoneisyourfavorite?Before-listening1.AnappleadaykeepsthedoctorawaySinceapplesarerichinvitaminC–whichisvitaltoourhealth–thisproverbmeansthatpropernutritioncontributestogoodhealthandfewervisitstothedoctor.Inthisproverb,applesareasymbolofhealthyfoodsandpropernutrition.Example:Switchfromchipstoapplesforyoursnack.Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.2.HonestyisthebestpolicyItisbesttoalwaysbehonestandtellthetruth.Bydoingso,youwillwinthetrustandrespectofothers.Example:Ithinkyoushouldjustexplainwhathappened,ratherthantryingtocoveryourtracks.Honestyisthebestpolicy,afterall.3.Don’tjudgeabookbyitscoverDon’tformanopinionormakeajudgmentaboutsomeoneorsomethingbasedonitsoutwardappearance.Example:Heseemsabitjerktome,but,hey,youneverknow.Hemaybegood.Youshouldn’tjudgeabookbyitscover.A:ProfessorBrown,here’smytermpaper.Sorryforthedelay.B:That’sOK.___________________,right?BetterlatethanneverA:Mathsisreallykillingme!I’mthinkingofgivingitup.B:_______________.You’llnevergetyourdreamjobasamarketanalystifyoudon’tsticktoit.Nopain,nogainA:Ifyouwanttoloseweight,youneedtostopeatingjunkfood,andyouneedtostartexercising.B:OK.I’llstarttomorrow...maybe.A:Today.Nottomorrow._____________________________________________Neverputoffuntiltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.A:I’mgladyoufinallygothere.B:Mycarhadaflattyreontheway.Anyway,____________________.all’swellthatendswellTwoheadsarebetterthanoneA:IheardthatMaryisgoingtoinvestallhermoneyinthisprogramme.B:That’snotwise.Aspeopleusuallysay,“__________________________________”.I’lltalktoherassoonaspossible.Don’tputallofyoureggsinonebasketMatchtheaboveproverbstotheirmeanings.1_________________________________:youmustfacechallengesinordertobesuccessfulNopain,nogain.2_______________________________:itiseasiertoachievesomethingifyoucooperatewithsomeoneelseTwoheadsarebetterthanone.v.合作,协作3_____________________________________:doingsomethinglateisbetterthannotdoingitatallBetterlatethannever.4_____________________________________________:youshouldstartthingsearlierratherthanlaterNeverputoffuntiltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.5___________________________________:donotputallyoureffortsorresourcesintodoingonethingDon’tputallofyoureggsinonebasket.6_________________________________:problemsdon’tmatterifthefinalresultisgoodAll’swellthatendswell.Thinkofotherproverbsaboutlife.CanyoufindChineseproverbswithsimilarmeanings?Itisnevertoooldtolearn.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.Isufferedastrangedisease.Nodoctorscouldtellmeexactlywhatitwasandhowtheycouldcureit.Istayedinthehospitalandfelttherewasnohopeinmylife.Atthistime,myfriendJackcame.HestayedwithmethroughoutthetimeIwashelpless.A

friendinneedisafriendindeed!Thinkofothersituationstowhichtheseproverbscanbeapplied.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.Aslowsparrowshouldmakeanearlystart.Abirdisknownbyitsnote,andamanbyhistalk.Practicemakesperfect.Amatchwillsetfiretoalargebuilding.Factsspeaklouderthanwords.Inmostcountries,theaverageageforstartinguniversityis18yearsold,butactuallythereisnoupperagelimitforstartingauniversitydegree.Recently,therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofmaturestudentsgoingtouniversity,afterworkingforafewormanyyears.TheoldestpersontogetaCambridgeMAreceivedhislawdegreeattheageof102.InChina,amanfromJiangsuProvincegraduatedfromuniversityattheageof88,makinghimtheoldestuniversitygraduateinthecountry.Listentoaninterviewabouthowanoldladyachievedherdream.Listentotheinterviewandchoosethebestheadline.1UniversityFeesAreNoBarriertoGrandma!2DreamComesTrueforGraduatingGrandma3JanetSays:“Familyfirst!That’swhatmatters!”4HowtheStudentExperienceHasChangedwiththeCenturiesn.工作酬金;服务费

InterviewwithJanetRoseAge:_______Firstattendeduniversityin:________Reasonforleavinguniversity:___________________________________________________Reasonsforgoingbacktouniversity:______________________________________________________________________________________________________811955Shetookcareofherillmotherandhelpedherfather.Herdaughtersuggestedshegobacktoschoolfiveyearsagoandshejumpedatthechance.ThereisnothingunusualaboutthatexceptthatJanetisan81-year-oldgrandmother.Istarteduniversitybackin1955,butinmyfirstyearmymotherfellveryill...SoIwenthometoTexastotakecareofhertohelpmyfather.ButthenfiveyearsagomydaughterCandysuggestedIgobacktoschoolandIjumpedatthechance.Initialfeelingsonreturningtouniversity:______________________________________________Universitymajor:__________________________Feelingsongraduation:_________________________Advicetoothers:_______________________________Futureplans:__________________________________Shefeltabitnervousatfirstandshefeltsoold.AmericanliteratureShefeelsgreat.You’renevertoooldtolearn.Startingamaster’sdegreeinthefallIfeltabitnervousatfirst...Iwassurroundedbyallthesesmartyoungpeoplewiththeirelectronicgadgets,andIfeltsoold.SoyouhavejustgraduatedwithadegreeinAmericanLiterature.Itfeelsgreat.I’mtryingtolivemylifetothefull.Isuggestthatifyouarethinkingofgoingbacktoschool,doit....Andremember,you’renevertoooldtolearn.I’mstartingamaster’sdegreeinthefall.Interviewer:LastweekJanetRosegraduatedfromSouthOmahaUniversitywithadegreeinAmericanliterature.ThereisnothingunusualaboutthatexceptthatJanetisan81-year-oldgrandmother.YesterdaywecaughtupwithJanetandaskedhertotellusherstory.Goodmorning,Janet.Whydidyouwaitsolongtogetadegree?Janet:Haha!That’sagoodquestionandonethatnearlyeveryoneasksme.Well,

letmesee.Istarteduniversitybackin1955,butinmyfirstyearmymotherfellveryillandshecouldn’t

helpmyfatherrunthefamilybusinessanymore.SoIwenthometoTexastotakecareofherandtohelpmyfather.AfterthatIneverreallythoughtaboutgoingbacktostudy.Interviewer:Whynot?Andwhatchangedyourmind?Janet:Ithoughtitwastoolate.ButthenfiveyearsagomydaughterCandysuggestedIgobacktoschoolandIjumpedatthechance.Interviewer:Howdidyoufeelgoingbacktouniversityafteralltheseyears?toeagerlytakethechanceJanet:Ifeltabitnervousatfirst.Imean,Iwassurroundedbyallthesesmartyoungpeoplewiththeirelectronicgadgets,andIfeltsoold.ButthestudentsandteacherswerekindtomeandIsoongotusedtotheclasses.Theyevenletmejoinsomeoft