2023年高考英语复习全国通用第14讲阅读理解词义猜测题(测)(解析版)

第14讲阅读理解词义精删题rm

时间：45分钟满分：50分

阅读理解（每题2分，共50分）

A

（2017•全国•高考真题）Julieboergers,Ph.DasleepexpertfromtheBradleyHasbroChildren'sResearch

Center,recentlyledastudyconnectinglaterschoolstarttimestoimprovedsleepandmoodinteens.

nSleepdeprivationiscommonamongteenagers,withpotentiallyseriousimpactsonmentalandphysical

health,safetyandlearning.Earlyhighschoolstarttimescontributetothisproblem,"saidBoergers.uInthisstudy,

welookedatwhetheradelayinschoolstarttimewouldchangestudents'sleeppatterns,sleepiness,moodand

caffeine（咖啡因）use.”

Beorgers*teamconductedtheSchoolSleepHabitssurveyamongboardingstudentsattendinganindependent

highschoolbothbeforeandaftertheirschoolstarttimewasexperimentallydelayedfrom8to8:25a.m.duringthe

winterterm.Thedelayinschoolstarttimeledtoasignificantincrease（29minutes）insleepdurationonschool

nights,withthepercentageofstudentsreceivingeightormorehoursofsleeponaschoolnightjumpingfrom18

to44percentTheresearchfoundthatyoungerstudentsandthosesleepinglessatthestartofthestudyweremost

likelytobenefitfromthetimetablechange.Daytimesleepiness,lowmoodandcaffeineusewereallsignificantly

reducedafterthedelayinschoolstarttime.Thelaterschoolstarttimehadnoeffectonthenumberofhours

studentsspentdoinghomework,playingsportsortakingpartinactivitiesoutsideclass.Andoncetheearlierstart

timechangedbackduringthespringterm,teensreverted（恢复）backtotheiroriginallevels.

Beorgerssaidthatthesefindingsareimportantforpublicpolicy."Theresultofthisstudyaddtoagrowing

bodyofresearchshowingimportanthealthbenefitsoflaterschoolstarttimesforadolescents,"shesaid,"andwe

havestudentswhoaremorealert（机敏的）,happier,betterpreparedtolearn,andaren*tdependentoncaffeineand

energydrinksjusttostayawakeinclass.**

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"thisproblem"inParagraph2referto?

A.Lackofsleep.

B.Mentalhealth.

C.Students*safety.

D.Takingenergydrinks.

2.Whathappenedwhenschoolstarttimewasdelayed?

A.Studentshadlesstimeplayingsports.

B.Youngstudentsbecamesleepier.

C.Morestudentssleptlonger.

D.Studentsgotabadmood.

3.Whyisthestudyoflaterschoolstarttimeimportant

A.Ithelpsformgoodhabits.

B.Itrelatestowhatstudentslearn.

C.Itincreasesstudents'learninginterest.

D.Itmayhaveaneffectonapublicpolicy.

4.Wherecanwepossiblyreadthistypeofarticle?

A.Asciencejournal.

B.Ahistorybook.

C.Afashionmagazine.

D.Aschoolyearbook.

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项研究，研究发现：如果推迟上课时间的话，学生就会有更长

的睡眠时间，这对于学生的身心发展是至关重要的。

1.A【解析】词义猜测题。由第二段第一句"Sleepdeprivationiscommonamongteenagers,withpotentially

seriousimpactsonmentalandphysicalhealth,safetyandlearning.”（睡眠剥夺在青少年中很常见，对身心健

康、安全和学习都有潜在的严重影响。）可知，在青少年中缺乏睡眠是很常见的。再由下文"Earlyhighschool

starttimescontributelothisproblem”（高中上课时间早导致了这个问题。）可知，“上课时间早''就是造成这

一问题的原因，因此thisproblem就是指上文中的“缺乏睡眠工故选A项。

2.C【解析】细节理解题。由第三段第二句"Thedelayinschoolstarttimeledtoasignificantincrease（29

minutcs）insleepdurationonschoolnights,withthepercentageofstudentsreceivingeightormorehoursofsleep

onaschoolnightjumpingfrom18to44percent.”（学校上课时间的延迟致使学生夜晚睡眠时间的显著增加（29

分钟），每个晚上获得8小时或更长睡眠时间的学生比例从18%跃升到44%。）可知，如果推迟开始上课

时间，就有更多的学生有更长的睡眠时间。故选C项

3.D【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段第一句"Beorgerssaidthatthesefindingsareimportantforpublicpolicy.,,

（Beorgers说这些发现对公共政策很重要。）可知，这些发现对于公共政策是重要的。这些发现就是对“学

校上课时间推迟”的研究，之所以重要，就是它对公共政策可能会产要影响。故选D项

4.A【解析】推理判断题。通篇阅读，文章介绍的研究主题是：如果推迟开始上课的时间的话，学生就会

有更长的睡眠时间，这对于学生的身心发展是至关重要的。由主题可知，文章是有关睡眠生理科学的。因

此有可能在科学研究的杂志上看到。A.Asciencejournal.科学杂志；B.Ahistorybook.历史书；C.Afashion

magazine.时尚杂志；D.Aschoolyearbook.学校年鉴。故选A项。

B

（2013•四川•高考真题）Fearmaybefeltintheheartaswellasinthehead,accordingtoastudythathasfounda

linkbetweenthecyclesofabeatingheartandthechanceofsomeonefeelingfear.

Testsonhealthyvolunteersfoundthattheyweremorelikelytofeelasenseoffearatthemomentwhentheir

heartsarecontracting（收缩）andpumpingbloodaroundtheirbodies,comparedwiththepointwhentheheartbeat

isrelaxed.Scientistssaytheresultssuggestthattheheartisabletoinfluencehowthebrainrespondstoafearful

event,dependingonwhichpointitisatinitsregularcycleofcontractionandrelaxation.

SarahGarfinkelattheBrightonandSussexMedicalSchoolsaid:"OurStudyshowsforthefirsttimethattheway

inwhichwedealwithfearisdifferentdependingonwhenweseefearfulpicturesinrelationtoourheart.^^

Thestudytested20healthyvolunteersontheirreactionstofearastheywereshownpicturesoffearfulfaces.Dr

Garfinkelsaid,“Thestudyshowedthatfearfulfacesarebetternoticedwhentheheartispumpingthanwhenitis

relaxed.Thusourheartscanalsoaffectwhatweseeandwhatwedon'tsee一andguidewhetherweseefear.”

Tofurtherunderstandthisrelationship,thescientistsalsousedabrainscanner（扫描仪）toshowhowthebrain

influencesthewaytheheartchangesaperson'sfeelingoffear.

“Wchavefoundanimportantmechanismbywhichtheheartandbrain'speak'toeachothertochangeour

feelingsandreducefear/5DrGarfinkelsaid.

“Wehopethatbyincreasingourunderstandingabouthowfearisdealtwithandwaysthatitcouldbereduced,we

maybeabletodevelopmoresuccessfultreatmentsforanxietydisorders,andalsoforthosewhomaybesuffering

fromseriousstressdisorder.^^

5.Whatisthefindingofthestudy?

A.One'sheartaffectshowhefeelsfear.

B.Fearisaresultofone'srelaxedheartbeat.

C.Fearhassomethingtodowithone'shealth.

D.One'sfastheartbeatsarelikelytocausefear.

6.Thestudywascarriedoutbyanalyzing.

A.volunteers,heartbeatswhentheysawterriblepictures

B.thetimevolunteerssawfearfulpicturesandtheirhealthconditions

C.volunteers,reactionstohorriblepicturesanddatafromtheirbrainscans

D.differentpicturesshowntovolunteersandtheirheart-braincommunication

7.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“mechanism“inParagraph6?

A.Order.B.System.

C.Machine.D.Treatment.

8.Thisstudymaycontributeto.

A.treatinganxietyandstressbetter.

B.explainingthecycleoffearandanxiety

C.findingthekeytotheheart-braincommunication

D.understandingdifferentfearsinourheartsandheads

【语篇解读】本文属于科普文，介绍了心脏与恐惧的关系。通过两次试验，研究者发现这两者之间的关系，

同时借助这一发现，研究者希望能够减轻或者治疗恐惧和压力所带来的诸多问题。

5.A［解析］细节理解题o根据第二段“Testsonhealthyvolunteersfoundthattheyweremorelikelytofeela

senseoffearatthemomentwhentheirheartsarecontracting（收缩）andpumpingbloodaroundtheirbodies,

comparedwiththepointwhentheheartbeatisrelaxed.”对健康志愿者的测试发现，与心跳放松时相比，他们在

心脏收缩并向身体周围泵血的时刻更容易感到恐惧。由此可知，一个人的心脏影响他对恐惧的感觉。故选

A项。

6.C［解析］细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句"Thestudytested20healthyvolunteersontheirreactionsto

fearastheywereshownpicturesoffearfulfaces.”这项研究测试了20名健康的志愿者，当他们看到恐惧的脸

时，他们对恐惧的反应。以及第五段第一句"Tofurtherunderstandthisrelationship,thescientistsalsouseda

brainscanner（扫描仪）toshowhowthebraininfluencesthewaytheheartchangesaperson'sfeelingofffear.”为

了进一步了解这种关系，科学家们还使用了脑部扫描仪来显示大脑是如何影响心脏改变人的恐惧感的。由

此可知，这项研究是通过分析志愿者对可怕图片和大脑扫描数据的反应来进行的。故选C项。

7.B【解析】词句猜测题。从后面的句子:bywhichtheheartandbraintspeak'toeachothertochangeourfeelings

andreducefear,”可知通过这个机制，心脏和大脑可以相互，说话，来改变我们的感受，减少恐惧。所以划线

词的意思是“机制”的意思。故选B项。

8.A［解析］推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Wchopethatbyincreasingourunderstandingabouthowtearis

dealtwithandwaysthatitcouldbereduced,wemaybeabletodevelopmoresuccessfultreatmentsforanxiety

disorders,andalsoforthosefbrthosewhomaybesufferingfromseriousstressdisorder."可知，我们希望，通过

增加我们对如何处理恐惧以及如何减少恐惧的理解，我们也许能够开发出更成功的治疗焦虑症的方法，同

时也为那些可能患有严重压力障碍的人开发出更成功的治疗方法。由此判断出这个研究可以有助于更好的

治疗焦虑和压力。故选A项。

C

（2013•山东•高考真题）Sparrowisafast-foodchainwith200restaurants.Someyearsago,thegroupto

whichSparrowbelongedwastakenoverbyanothercompany.AlthoughSparrowshowednosignofdeclining,the

chainwasgenerallyinanunhealthystate.Withmoreandmorefast-fbodconceptsreachingthemarket,the

Sparrowmenuhadtostrugglefbrattention.Andtomakemattersworse,itsnewownerhadnoplanstogiveitthe

fundsitrequired.

Sparrowfailedtogrowfbranothertwoyears.UntilanewCEO,CarlPearson,decidedtobuildupitsmarket

share.Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremely

positiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.

Sparrowhadtodevelopanewpromotionalcampaign.

PearsonfacedabattleoverthefutureoftheSparrowbrand.Thechain'sownernowfavoredrebranding

SparrowasMarcy'srestaurants.Pearsonresisted,arguingforanadvertisingcampaigndesignedtoconvince

customersthatvisitstoSparrowrestaurantswerefun.Suchanattempttoestablishapositiverelationshipbetween

acompanyandthegeneralpublicwasunusualforthattime.Pearsonstronglybelievedthatnumberswerethekey

tosuccess,ratherthancustomers?speedingpower.Finally,theowneracceptedhisidea.

Thecampaignitselfchangedthetraditionaladvertisingstyleofthefast-fbodindustry.TheTVadsof

Sparrowfocusedonentertainmentandfeaturedoriginalsongsperfbnnedbyavarietyofstars.Insteadofshowing

thesuperiorityofaspecificproduct,theintentionwastoputSparrowintheheartsofpotentialcustomers.

PearsonalsomadeotherdecisionswhichhebelievedwouldcontributetothenewSparrowimage.For

example,heofferedtolowertherentofanyrestaurantswhichachievedacertainincreaseintheirturnover（营业

额）.

Theseeffortspaidoff.andSparrowsoonbecameoneofthemostsuccessfulfast-foodchainsintheregions

whereitoperated.

9.WhichwasoneoftheproblemsSparrowfacedbeforePearsonbecameCEO?

A.Thenumberofitscustomerswasdeclining

B.Itscustomersfoundthefoodunhealthy

C.Itwasinneedoffinancialsupport

D.Mostofitsrestaurantswereclosed

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them"inParagraph2referto?

A.CustomersofSparrowrestaurantsB.Sparrowrestaurants

C.Customersofotherfast-fbodchainsD.otherfast-fbodchains

11.ForwhatpurposedidPearsonstarttheadvertisingcampaign?

A.Tobuildagoodrelationshipwiththepublic

B.TostresstheunusualtraditionofSparrow

C.Toleanaboutcustomers?spendingpower.

D.TomeetthechallengefromMarcy'srestaurants.

12.TheTVadsofSparrow.

A.changedpeople'sviewsonpopstars

B.amusedthepublicwithoriginalsongs

C.focusedonthesuperiorityofitsproducts

D.influencedtheeatinghabitsoftheaudience

13.WhatwasPearson'sachievementasaCEO?

A.HemanagedtopayoffSparrow'sdebts.

B.HemadeSparrowmuchmorecompetitive

C.HehelpedSparrowtakeoveracompany

D.HeimprovedthewelfareofSparrowemployees

【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Sparrow快餐店的CEOCarlPearson在SpaiTow经营不善的

情况下，采用了一种新的广告宣传方式，与顾客之间建立了一种积极的关系，吸引了潜在的顾客，使它最

终成为了最著名的快餐连锁店之一。本文旨在告诉读者新颖的经营理念决定着企业的命运。

9.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的第三句"AlthoughSparrowshowednosignofdeclining...”］知

Sparrow的业绩并没下降，因此选项A“它的顾客数目在下降”是错误的;“它的顾客发现食物不健康”以及“它

的大部分餐馆被关闭”在文中并未提及；而根据第一段最后一句"itsnewownerhadnoplanstogiveitthe

fundsitrequired.（它的新主人没有计划给它所需的资金）”可知Sparrow需要财政支持，故选C项。

10.D【解析】词义猜测题。画线单词them前面提到"Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalready

usedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswere

unwillingtoturnawayfromthem.（他做了一项调查，表明已经使用过麻雀餐厅的消费者对这家连锁店抱有积

极的态度，而其他快餐连锁店的顾客则不愿意离开它们厂可知，Sparrow已有的顾客对连锁店抱着积极的态

度，而其他快餐店的顾客不愿意离开别的快餐店，由此可知them指代的是“其他的快餐连锁店”，故选D

项。

11.A［解析］细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Suchanattempttoestablishapositiverelationshipbetweena

companyandthegeneralpublicwasunusualforthattime.“可知Pearson发动广告宣传的目的是为了与公众建

立一种良好的关系。句中的positive与选项A中的good对应，故选A项。

12,B［解析］细节理解题。根据第四段中的“TheTVadsofSparrowfocusedonentertainmentandfeatured

originalsongsperformedbyavarietyofstars.”可知广告是靠新颖的原创歌曲来吸引人的，故选项B为答案。

第四段中的第一句指的是改变了传统的广告模式，而不是改变了人们对流行明星的看法，因此选项A是错

误的；根据第四段的最后一句"Insteadofshowingthesuperiorityofaspecificproduct...”可知选项C”注重产品

的优势”是错误的；选项D“影响了观众的饮食习惯”在文中未提及。故选B项。

13.推理判断题。根据最后两段中的内容，Pearson又作出了其他决定，树立了Sparrow的新形象，他的努

力获得了成功，Sparrow成了最成功的快餐连锁店之一，可知Pearson的成就是使Sparrow更有竞争力了，

故答案为B。选项A“他设法还清了Sparrow的债务”,选项C“他帮助Sparrow接管了一家公司”以及选项D“他

提高了Sparrow员工的福利”在文中均未提及。故选B项。

D

（2015•全国•高考真题）Mycolortelevisionhasgivenmenothingbutaheadache.Iwasabletobuyita

littleoverayearagobecauseIhadmyrelativesgivememoneyformybirthdayinsteadofalotofclothesthat

wouldn'tfit.Iletasalesclerkfoolmeintobuyingadiscontinuedmodel.Irealizedthisadaylater,whenIsaw

newspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventy-fivedollarslessthanIhadpaid.Thesetworkedsobeautifully

whenIfirstgotithomethatIwouldkeepitonuntilstationssignedoffforthenight.Fortunately,Ididn'tgotany

channelsshowingall-nightmoviesorIwouldneverhavegottentobed.

ThenIstarteddevelopingaproblemwiththesetthatinvolvedstatic（静电）noise.Forsomereason,when

certainshowsswitchedintoacommercial,aloudnoisewouldsoundforafewseconds.Gradually,thisnoise

begantoappearduringashow,andtogetridofit.Ihadtochangetoanotherchannelandthenchangeitback.

Sometimesthistechniquewouldnotwork,andIhadtopickupthesetandshakeittoremovethesound.Iactually

begantobuildupmyarmmuscles（肌肉）shakingmyset.

Whenneitherofthesemethodsremovedthestaticnoise,Iwouldsithelplesslyandwaitforthenoisetogo

away.AtlastIendeduphittingthesetwithmyfist,anditstoppedworkingaltogether.Mytriptotherepairshop

costme$62,andthesetisworkingwellnow,butIkeepexpectingmoretrouble.

14.WhydidtheauthorsayhewasfooledintobuyingtheTVset?

A.Hegotanoldermodelthanhehadexpected.

B.Hecouldn'treturnitwhenitwasbroken.

C.Hecouldhaveboughtitatalowerprice.

D.Hefailedtofindanymovieshowsonit.

15.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephrase“signedoff?inParagraph1?

A.endedalltheirprogramsB.providedfewerchannels

C.changedtocommercialsD.showedall-nightmovies

16.HowdidtheauthorfinallygethisTVsetworkingagain?

A.Byshakingandhittingit.B.Byturningitonandoff.

C.Byswitchingchannels.D.Byhavingitrepaired.

17.Howdoestheauthorsoundwhentellingthestory?

A.CuriousB.Anxious

C.CautiousD.Humorous

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者被愚弄以较高的价格买了台电视，之后每天晚上沉迷于

看电视，结果电视坏了，作者只好又花了一笔钱修电视的事情。

14.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段whenIsawnewspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventy-fivedollars

lessthanIhadpaid可知，当作者看到报纸上这个广告比他买的便宜了75块钱的时候，他感觉受愚弄了。

故选C。

15.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章ThesetworkedsobeautifullywhenIfirstgotithomethatIwouldkeepit

onuntilstationssignedoffforthenight.Fortunately,Ididn'tgetanychannelsshowingall-nightmoviesorI

wouldneverhavegottentobcd.（这台电视在刚买的时候如此之美以至于我会直到电视台signedoff才关掉。

幸运的是，没有频道是整个晚上播电影的，否则我永远都不会睡觉）可推知，划线词组意为“结束了他们所

有的项目:故选A。

16.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句Mytriptotherepairshopcostme$62,andthesetisworkingwell

now.可知，作者在修理店花了62块钱修好了电视。故选D。

17.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者是在用幽默的语气讲这件事情的。故选D。

E

（2020•海南•高考真题）Theendoftheschoolyearwasinsightandspiritswerehigh.1wasbackteaching

afteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskindsof"forbiddenfruit**thatcomeoutofbookbags.Now

wasthespringofthewaterpistol.

Idecidedtothinkupamethodofdealingwithforbiddenfruit.

"Pleasebringthatpistoltome,"Isaid."FmgoingtoputitinmyGrandma'sBox."

"What'sthat?ntheyasked.

“It'salargewoodenchestfulloftoysformygrandchildren/Ireplied,

“Youdon*thavegrandchildren,"someonesaid.

nIdon'tnow.”Ireplied."ButsomedayIwill.WhenIdo,myboxwillbefullofwonderfulthingsforthem.M

MyimaginaryGrandma'sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring,andlater.Sometimes,studentswouldaskmeto

describeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferentpossessionsIsupposedlyhadtaken

away-sinceIseldomactuallykeptthem.Usuallytheoffenderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwould

returnthebelonging.

The-yearswentby,andmyfirstgrandchildGordonwasbom.Isharedmyjoywiththatyear'sclass.Then

someonesaid,"NowyoucanuseyourGrandma*sBox."Fromthenoninsteadofcomingtoasktheirpossessions

back,thestudentswouldsay,"That'sokay.PutitinyourGrandma'sBoxforGordon?

Ilovedtalkingabouttheimaginarybox,notonlywithmystudentsbutalsowithmyownchildren.They

enjoyedhearingaboutalltheforbiddenfruitIhadcollected.ThenoneChristmasIreceivedasurprisegift—a

large,beautifullymadewoodenchest.MysonBrucehadmademyGrandma'sBoxareality.

18.Whatwastheauthor'spurposeinhavingtheconversationwiththestudents?

A.Tocollectthewaterpistol.B.Totalkabouthergrandchildren.

C.Torecommendsometoys.D.Toexplainherteachingmethod.

19.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"theoffender11inparagraph8referto?

A.Thestudenfsparent.B.ThemakeroftheGrandma'sBox.

C.Theauthor'sgrandchild.D.Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.

20.WhatdidthestudentsdoaftertheylearnedaboutthebirthofGordon?

A.Theywenttoplaywiththebaby.B.TheyaskedtoseetheGrandma'sBox.

C.TheymadeapresentfbrGordon.D.Theystoppedaskingtheirtoysback.

21.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?

A.Sheenjoystellingjokes.B.Sheisastrictandsmartteacher.

C.Shelovesdoingwoodwork.D.Sheisaresponsiblegrandmother

【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个“奶奶的

盒子''的办法。到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一

年圣诞节收到了儿子制作的大木箱，将“奶奶的盒子”变成了现实。

18.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中力wasbackteachingafteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththe

variouskindsofnfbrbiddenfruit"thatcomeoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol.（在缺席了

15年之后，我又回到了教书的地方，处理从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果现在流行的是水枪厂以及第

三段中“'Pleasebringthatpistoltome/Isaid.TmgoingtoputitinmyGrandma'sBox.'（"请把那支水枪给我，”

我说。“我要把它放在我'奶奶的盒子‘里。"）”由此可知，作者与学生进行对话的目的是收集水枪。故选A。

19.D【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“wouldreturnthebelonging”结合上文提到作者把学生带到学

校的玩具称为“禁果”，且作者的“盒子”里装的就是“禁果”，所以作者等到这些禁果的拥有者在一天结束的

时候出现，然后就会归还他们的物品。由此可知，划线词意思为“禁果的拥有者故选D。

20.D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Fromthenoninsteadofcomingtoasktheirpossessionsback,

thestudentswouldsay,€Thafsokay.PutitinyourGrandma'sBoxforGordon」（从那时起，学生们不再来要求归

还他们的财物，而是说：“没关系。把它放在你“奶奶给戈登的盒子"里）''由此可知，学生们在得知了戈登的

出生后，他们不再索要玩具。故选D。

21.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章中作者要收集学生们从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”，说明作者

对待学生很严格；同时作者又想出了“奶奶的盒子”这个的方法来收集学生们的玩具，说明作者很聪明，由

此可推知，作者是一个严格而聪明的老师。故选B。

F

（2020•北京•高考真题）CertainformsofAIareindeedbecomingubiquitous.Forexample,algorithms（算

法）carryouthugevolumesoftradingonourfinancialmarkets,self-drivingcarsareappearingoncitystreets,and

oursmartphonesaretranslatingfromonelanguageintoanother.Thesesystemsaresometimesfasterandmore

perceptivethanwehumansare.Butsofarthatisonlytrueforthespecifictasksfbrwhichthesystemshavebeen

designed.ThatissomethingthatsomeAIdevelopersarenoweagertochange.

Someoftoday'sAIpioneerswanttomoveonfromtoday'sworldof"weak"or"narrow"AI,tocreate

“strong"or"fiiH"AI,orwhatisoftencalledartificialgeneralintelligence（AGI）.Insomerespects,today's

powerfulcomputingmachinesalreadymakeourbrainslookweak.AGIcould,itsadvocatessay,workforus

aroundtheclock,anddrawingonallavailabledata,couldsuggestsolutionstomanyproblems.DM,acompany

focusedonthedevelopmentofAGI,hasanambitionto“solveinteHigence"."Ifwe'resuccessful,theirmission

statementreads,<4webelievethiswillbeoneofthemostimportantandwidelybeneficialscientificadvancesever

made.^^

SincetheearlydaysofAI,imaginationhasoutpacedwhatispossibleorevenprobable.In1965,an

imaginativemathematiciancalledIrvingGoodpredictedtheeventualcreationofan“ultra-intelligent

machine...thatcanfarsurpassalltheintellectual（智力的）activitiesofanyman,howeverclever.,,Goodwenton

tosuggestthat"thefirstultra-intelligentmachinc^^couldbe“thelastinventionthatmanneedevermake.”

Fearsabouttheappearanceofbad,powerful,man-madeintelligentmachineshavebeenreinforced（强化）by

manyworksoffiction-MaryShelley'sFrankensteinandtheTerminatorfilmseries,forexample.ButifAIdoes

eventuallyprovetobeourdownfall,itisunlikelytobeatthehandsofhuman-shapedfonnslikethese,with

recognisablyhumanmotivationssuchasaggression（敌对行为）.Instead,IagreewithOxfordUniversity

philosopherNickBostrom,whobelievesthattheheaviestrisksfromAGIdonotcomefromadecisiontoturn

againstmankindbutratherfromadoggedpursuitofsetobjectivesattheexpenseofeverythingelse.

ThepromiseanddangeroftrueAGIaregreat.Butalloftoday'sexciteddiscussionaboutthesepossibilities

presupposesthefactthatwewillbeabletobuildthesesystems.And,havingspokentomanyoftheworld's

foremostAIresearchers,IbelievethereisgoodreasontodoubtthatwewillseeAGIanytimesoon,ifever.

22.Whatd