大学语法之动词省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课百校联赛优质课一等奖课件

我叔叔年纪比我大一倍。(as…againas)这里名牌香烟售价比正常价高一倍。(double)中国主要生猪出口省份湖南可望出口42万只瘦肉猪，为1985年四倍。(quadruple)房价自1989年以来增加了三倍。(…fold)MyuncleisasoldagainasIam.Thetop-brandcigarettesaresoldatdoublethenormalpricehere.Hunan,China’sleadinglivepig-exportingprovince,expectstoexport420,000lean-meatpigs,quadruplethefigurefor1985.Thevalueofthehousehasincreasedfourfoldsince1989.1/562+2=410-3=79×6=5420÷4=5(17-9+65/5)-(4×3)=15∫Twoplustwoequalsfour.Tenminusthreeisseven.Ninemultipliedbysixisfifty-four.Twentydividedbyfourisfive.Seventeenminusthesquarerootofnine,plussixty-fiveoverfive,minusfourtimesthree,equalsfifteen.2/56EnglishGrammar(第四讲动词和虚拟语气）Unit4

VerbandSubjunctiveMode3/56I’mtranslatingapoem.He’slistening

toasong.It

ismypen.Whocananswerthisquestion?Whenwillyoubefree?第四章动词Verb4/56动词1.及物动词2.不及物动词3.系动词4.助动词5.情态动词TransitiveVerbs(vt.)2.IntransitiveVerbs(vi.)LinkVerbs(link-v)4.AuxiliaryVerbs(aux.v.)5.ModalVerbs(mod.v.)5/56动词限定形式

FiniteFormsofVerbs充当句子谓语HetalkedwiththeminbrokenEnglish.动词非限定形式

Non-finiteFormsofVerbs6/56动词非限定形式（Non-FiniteFormsofVerbs)充当句子定语、状语、主语，表语等成份动名词Gerund不定式Infinite现在分词PresentParticiple过去分词PastParticiple7/56一、及物动词与不及物动词---Shesmileswhenshesawus.(vi.)---Shesmiledherthanks.(vt.)１.英语中动词有及物动词和不及物动词之分，不及物动词没有宾语，而及物动词必须带宾语。8/56这类词有如：arrive,apologize,compete,complain,get,reply,agree,look,stare,graduate,etc.易错为及物动词不及物动词---她因为迟到向我道歉。Sheapologizedtomeforcominglate.---我确实没有什么可埋怨。I‘vereallygotnothingto

complain

of.

---他向我埋怨伙食不佳。

Hecomplainedtomeaboutthefood.9/56有些及物动词因为受汉语影响而被错当成不及物动词而带上介词。其实它们是及物动词，所以不需要跟介词，而应该直接跟宾语。marry,accompany,approach,await,contact,consult,suit,excel,oppose,obey,attend,reach,stand2.Hemarriedwithaclassmateformhighschool.Hemarriedaclassmatefromhighschool.1.Sheaccompaniedwithherfriendtotheconcert.Sheaccompaniedherfriendtotheconcert.易错为不及物动词及物动词10/562.有些及物动词需要一个宾语，但有些却需要双宾语，不然不能表示意义，通常需要跟双宾语及物动词有：bring,allow,assign,find,deny,fetch,hand,grant,give,leave,lend,offer,make,order,pay,pass,send,return,sell,send,show,sing,teach,write,tell,throw,wish,telephone,etc.11/56Shesentmeapostcard.间接宾语直接宾语双宾动词（Dual-ObjectiveVerbs)12/561.动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语I’llleavepaintingthewall_____him.A.to B.for C.at D.by(A)2.动词+直接宾语+for+间接宾语Richardmadeit_______me.A.to B.for C.at D.by(B)13/56反身动词（ReflexiveVerbs)---Ihopeyou’llenjoy

yourselves.absentoneselffrom缺席 adaptoneselfto适应于accustomoneselfto使…习惯于availoneselfof利用loseoneselfin入迷breakoneselfof去掉习惯contentoneselfwith满足opposeoneselfto反对---Whydidyouabsentfromschoolyesterday?改Whydidyouabsentyourselffromschoolyesterday?或者Whywereyouabsentfromschoolyesterday?14/56resignoneselfto听任 helponeselfto随意吃prideoneselfon以…自豪addressoneselfto着手bendoneselfto热忠于 chargeoneselfwith负担confineoneselfto局限于presentoneselfat出席distinguishoneselfwith因知名perfectoneselfin使自己精通于applyoneselfto致力于devoteoneselfto致力于throwoneselfinto投身于dedicateoneselfto致力于addictoneselfin沉溺于indulgeoneselfin沉迷于occupyoneselfwith从事于engageoneselfin从事于dressoneselfin穿着 15/56Ibitemynails.Imustbreak_____________.thehabittomethehabitwithmyselfmyselfofthehabitofthehabitmyself(C)16/56后面常接eachother,oneanother1.Theyembraced

eachother.2.Wehave

known

oneanothersincewewerechildren.相互动词（ReciprocalVerbs)17/56有很多动词能够和一个介词或副词组成成语，或叫介词动词，意思和单一动词差不多。与介词搭配最频繁动词主要有：break bring call comedo get give go hand have hold turntake set see standmakelook keep成语动词（PhrasalVerbs)18/56注：一些动词同介词连用，形式上像成语动词，但实际上不是。---Johncalledfromtheoffice.---Sheleftat10o’clock.19/56二系动词（LinkVerbs)表示特征、状态动词，be,appear,feel,look,smell,taste等。---Hissisterisagoodviolinist.---Howsweetthemusicsounds!B.表示状态转变动词，become,come,drop,get,wear,work,grow等。---Itbegantogrowdark.---Mydreamhascometrue.20/563.表示继续某种状态或性质系动词，continue,hold,keep,lie,prove,remain,stand,stay等。---Theaudienceremainsilent.---Theweatheriskeepingfine.21/56三.助动词Be可组成进行时态和被动语态Have可组成完成时态和完成进行时态1.be和have2.do组成疑问句 否定句 加强语气22/563.shall和will组成未来时态；在问句中，shall用在第一人称后，表示征求对方意见。而will用在第一、第二人称后，表示请求。4.should表示“应该，应该”；用在虚拟语气中；后跟完成时，表示揣测。23/565.would组成过去未来时；表示过去习惯性动作或倾向；后跟完成式表示猜测。24/56四.情态动词can/couldmay/mightmust/oughttoneed/dare25/56“情态动词+动词完成式”使用方法1.can(could)+动词完成式此结构表示过去能做而没做事，有一个对过去未付诸实施事情惋惜之情。Inthosecircumstanceswecouldhavedonebetter.或推测过去某种行为。Wherecan(could)shehavegone?26/562.may(might)+动词完成式此结构用于推测过去行为。如：Shesaidthatshemighthavemissedtheplane.Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.27/563.must+动词完成式此结构表示对过去行为推断，含有较大可能性，为“一定…，想必…”.Hemusthavegonethroughalot.“must+动词原形”表示对现在推测。“must+be+现在分词”表示对未来或现在正在进行推测。Shelookshappy;shemustbehavingagoodtime.Itmustberainingtomorrowaccordingtotheradio.28/564.needn’t+动词完成式此结构表示一个已经做过但并无必要行为。你原来无须浇花，因为天要下雨了。Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.但注意：“didn’tneed(have)todo”结构表示没有必要做某事，实际上也没有做。我无须擦窗子，我妹妹擦过了。Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit.29/565.should+动词完成式此结构必定式表示应该做事情而没有做，否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。也能够表示推测，但肯能性较小。Youshouldhavegivenhermorehelp.Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.30/566.oughtto+动词完成式此结构表示某种过去应该做而没有做事情，或被忽略未做某种明智行为。Yououghttohavereturnedthebookearlier.31/56It_____aroundnineo’clockwhenIdrovebackhomebecauseitwasalreadydark.hadtobe B.wastobeC.musthavebeen D.mustbeCWe______himthenewsbecauseheknewitalready.told B.wouldhavetoldC.needn’thavetold D.neededtotellC32/56五、词形改变轻易犯错动词动词原形 过去式 过去分词现在分词fall跌落 fell fallen fallingfell砍伐 felled felled fellingfind发觉 found found findingfound建立 founded founded foundinglie躺 lay lain lyinglie说谎 lied lied lyinglay铺设 laid laid layingsee看见 saw seen seeingsaw锯 sawed sawed sawing33/56wind缠绕 wound wound woundingwound 受伤 wounded wounded woundingfly飞 flew flown flyingflow流 flowed flowed flowingwelcome欢迎 welcomed welcomed welcomingovercome克服overcame overcome overcominghang悬挂 hung hung hanginghang绞死 hanged hanged hangingshine照耀 shone shone shiningshine擦亮 shined shined shiningbid出价 bid bid biddingbid吩咐 bade bade bidding34/561.Heissaidto______acherrytree.A.havefallen B.havefelled2.Anewsubmarinecable_______betweenEnglandandHolland.waslain B.waslaid3.Sweatandtears_____downherface.A.flew B.flowed35/56易混动词区分和使用方法1.accomplish,achieve,complete,finishaccomplish到达目标，强调“成功”。achieve凭借努力取得成功，强调“努力”。complete表示详细事物完成，如建筑，工程和书籍等完成，有“主动”意思。finish和complete通用，但finish后接动名词，还有意思有点消极被动。---Weaccomplishedourtripinthreedays.---Wehaveachievedgreatsuccessduringthe20yearsreform.---Theprojectwillbecompletedsoon.---Haveyoufinishreadingthenovel?36/562.win和defeatwin作及物动词意思为“赢得”，作不及物动词意思是“获胜”。---Inthatgame,wewon.---Wewonthegame.而defeat为“击败”后面跟人和队伍等，而不跟比赛名称。---Wedefeatedtheminthatgame.---Wewontheminthatgame.（误）37/563.accuse，chargeaccuse指责，指控，与of连用。语义比较尖锐，直截；但指控对方事不一定是很严重。比如：Theyaccusedhimofcheatingintheexam.charge控告，与with连用或与that从句连用。往往带有“正式法律控诉”意味，普通用于较重错误或罪行。比如：Themanagerwaschargedwithjackinguppricesandwasputintoprison.Thepolicemanstoppedhimwhenhewasdrivinghomeand___himofspeeding.(A)charged(B)accused(C)blamed(D)warnedB38/564.adopt,adapt,adeptadopt(vt.)”采纳”,“收养”。比如：Ourteachersadoptsthenewmethodofteaching.adapt(vt.)”使适应“，”改写”。比如：Weshouldadaptourselvestothenewconditions.adept(a.)”熟练“，”精通“。比如：Sheisadeptinmusic.注1：beadept后面用in和at均可。注2：当adopt表示：采取办法（measure)/采取态度（attitude)/采纳方法（method)等时用adopt，不过某企业“采取（employ)新人”，某书“采取（quote或reproduce）某篇文章”，则不用adopt。Whenyougotoaforeigncountry,youmust___yourselftonewmannersandcustoms.(A)adapt(B)adept(C)adopt(D)aptA39/565.affect,effectaffect(vt.)意思是“使……受到影响”；尤指不良影响。Theincidentaffectedtherelationsbetweenthetwocountries.effect(vt./n.)意思是“产生……(影响)”；“效果”。比如：Thedecisioneffectedsomeimprovementintheirwork.Thechangehasnoeffectonhim.Whatyouhavedonewillnothave__yourfame.(A)agoodeffectin(B)agoodaffecton(C)affected(D)agoodeffectonD。haveaneffecton是个惯用短语，对……有影响”。40/566.affect,influenceaffect(vt.)“影响“；着重动作，暗示产生影响如此强烈，以至能引发反应，有时只用来表示”使……发生不良影响“。比如：Thesightaffectedhertotears.Paralysisaffectedhislimbs.麻木影响到他四肢（运动）。influence(vt.)”影响“，普通指一个不易觉察到，潜移默化影响，以至于在行动，思想，性格或行为等方面引发改变。比如：Theyinfluencedpublicopinionthroughthepress.他们经过报界来影响公共舆论。Iwasdeeply______bytheirheroicdeeds.(A)affected(B)effected(C)influenced(D)influencingC41/567.accustomto,usedtobeaccustomedto表示“习惯于”意思，该结构中to既能够是不定式符号，又能够是介词。比如：Heisaccustomedtoreading/readaloud.另外，accustom(vt.)还能够组成“accustomoneselfto”句型，意为“使……习惯于”，该结构中to只能是介词。比如：Youmustaccustomyourselftoreadingaloud.usedto表示过去习惯，to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形，只用于过去时。比如：ThisiswhereIusedtolive.另外，“beusedto”也能够用于表示习惯，但该结构表示是“现在习惯于…..”，这里to是介词。比如：Sincehecan’taffordtoeatouteveryday,hehasto__himselftothehostelfood.(A)inhabit(B)dispose(C)accustom(D)adoptC.“accustomoneselfto”作“使……习惯于”解。42/568.assure,ensureassure(vt.)”使……相信，使……放心“，指为他人解除某种顾虑，使他人相信儿作出承诺。后接人称代词或指人名词，其结构为：assuresb.ofsth.或assuresb.that从句。比如：Icanassureyouofhishonesty.Icanassureyouthatheissafenow.ensure(vt.)”确保“，后不能跟人，而要跟事物名词或抽象名词或动名词，表示对某种行为，结果有把握，其结构为：ensuresth.;ensurethat从句；ensuredoingsth.Wecanensurehissafety.Iensuredoingtheworkwell.Iensurethattheworkshallbefinishedontime.43/56注1：ensure还能够表示“使安全，保护”，结构为：ensuresb.from(against)sth.保护某人免受……:

Heensuredtheoldmanfrombeingkilledbytheenemy.还能够表示“确保给……”，结构为：ensureto(for)sb.sth.确保给某人某东西。比如：Icannotensureto(for)himeverythingbeaskedfor.注2:insure”保险“，指对人或物作经济上保险，表示”给……保险，以防……时“，用insure…against,不可用from。比如：Hehasinsuredthebuildingagainstfireandtheft.(不可用from)Althoughhecouldn’t__mysuccess,he__methathewouldgivewhateverhelpIneeded.(A)beensured,assured(B)assured,ensured(C)assure,ensured(D)ensure,assuredD44/569.attempt,try,endeavorattempt(vt.)试图，常有消极含义，可带不定式作宾语，其同源名词往往用不定式作定语。比如：Thethiefattemptedtoescape.(Hisattempttoescapefailed.)try(v.)努力，尝试。比如：Hetriedhardtofixtheradio.endeavor(vt.)为到达目标而艰辛努力做（书面语），表示继续努力认真程度比try强。比如：Heendeavoredtowinvotesforhisproposal.Heendeavoredtoattainhisaim.45/5610.catch,

seize,arrest,capturearrest(vt.)逮捕，比如：Thecriminalwasarrested.capture(vt.)俘获，比如：AllwerecapturedduringWorldWarII.那里全部些人是在二战期间被俘获。catch(vt.)抓住，赶上，比如：Tomtriedtocatchabus.seize(vt.&vi.)（突然）抓住，比如：Thepasserbyseizedthethiefbythecollar.Herbeauty__himandhesworetostaywithherforever.(A)admired(B)cheated(C)swayed(D)capturedD46/5611.clash,crash,crush,smashclash(v.)(刀剑,铃铛等)碰撞,冲突;(意见等)抵触GreekforcesclashedwithTurksinthehills.希腊军与土耳其军在山里交战。crash(v.)撞击，坠毁（尤指汽车，飞机等发出猛烈声音），（使）破碎AnairlinercrashedinthewestofDenverlastnight.crush(vt.)压(碾)碎(尤其指用压力),击倒,击溃Tomakewineyoufirstcrushthegrapes.smash(v.)打坏(器皿等);粉碎(阴谋,侵略等)Shesmashedoneofherplatesintopieces.Ourtroops__withtheenemysoldiersforseveraldaysandfinally__them.(A)crushed,clashed(B)smashed,crashed(C)clashed,crashed(D)clashed,crushedD.47/5612.compose,consistcompose(vt.)表示由几个部分组成一个整体。England,ScotlandandWalescomposetheIslandofGreatBritain.Theoceaniscomposedofsaltwater.consist(vi.)与compose同义，但只能用于主动语态。注：这两个词主语通常都是单数。比如：ThecityofWuhanconsistsofmanydistricts.Thecommitteeis__offifteenmembers.(A)invented(B)consisted(C)forged(D)composedD48/5613.damage,break,destroy,ruin,wreckdamage(vt.)损坏，指部分损坏，意味着损坏后价值或效率降低，有时也用于借喻中。比如：Acarwasdamagedduringtheaccident.break(vt.)打坏，比如：Hebrokethewindowoutofcarelessness.destroy(vt.)彻底破坏，常含有“不能或极难修复”意味。比如：Agreatfiredestroyedthebuilding.ruin(vt.)毁灭（本质，内部机制），多用于借喻中。You’llruinyourprospectsifyoucontinuetobesoselfish.Hehasruinedhishealththroughdrinking.49/56wreck(vt.)强调被风暴“打坏”，或在礁石上“碰碎”，“碰破”。比如：Theshipwaswreckedinastorm.船只在暴风雨中失事。Byknockingdownabicyclestandingattheroadside,he__hisowncar.(A)crushed(B)destroyed(C)damaged(D)injuredC.50/5614.decline,refuse,reject这三个词都表示“拒绝”意思，语气程度依次加强。decline最委婉，refuse较强，reject最强。比如：Healwaysrefusestohelpothers.Tomrejectedmyinvitationwithoutamoment’shesitation.Shedeclinedtheinvitationbysayingthatshehadsomethingimportanttodo.Hewasafraidhewouldhaveto__herinvitationtotheparty.(A)refute(B)refuse(C)return(D)declineD.51/5615.doubt,suspectdoubt(vt.)怀疑，不相信。普通含有否定意义。指怀疑某种事物是否存在或发生，也指怀疑某人话是否真实可靠等。用于必定句时，后接“whether(if)从句”。用于否定句或疑问句时，后接“that从句”。比如：Idoubtwhether(if)hewillkeephisword.Idon’tdoubtthatourteamwillwin.suspect(vt.)猜测，怀疑。较为必定，多指猜忌，猜疑。常跟that引导宾语从句。Isuspectthathewillcome.Isuspectthetruthofhisreport.I__ifhewillcome.(A)doubt(B)guess(C)s