2023年考研-考研英语二笔试历年全考点试卷含答案

2023年考研-考研英语二笔试历年全考点试卷含答案卷I一.单项选择题(共10题)1.根据下面资料，回答21-25题Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssotheycanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LalehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat--onesocialandoneasocial--forfourdays.Therobotratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheelstomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcagedoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside.Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.Across18trialeach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing,saysQuinn.Theratsmayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,shesays."Ratshavebeenshowntoengageinmultipleformsofreciprocalhelpandcooperation,includingwhatisreferredtoasdirectreciprocity--wherearatwillhelpanotherratthathaspreviouslyhelpedthem,"saysQuinn.Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels."We'dassumedwe'dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputascentonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn'tnecessary,"saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots,saysWiles.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals."Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,"saysWiles.JanetWilesnotesthatrats_______.A.canrememberotherrats'facialfeaturesB.differentiatesmellsbetterthansizesC.respondmoretoactionsthantolooksD.canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels正确答案：C,2.

Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-80,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime?TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP（inconstantprices）richeconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25-0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomies—towhichheavyindustryhasshifted—havebecomemoreenergy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist'scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%,andin1979byalmost30%.Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis______.A.global

inflationB.reduction

in

supplyC.fast

growth

in

economyD.Iraq'

s

suspension

of

exports正确答案：B,3.根据下面资料，回答1-20题Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwouldliketobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery→1←→←,particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan,→←→2←→←,ayoungersibling.→3←→←,there'sanothersortofparentthat'sabiteasierto→4←:apatientparent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still,→←→5←everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy→6←.Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedandfrustratedandareunabletomaintaina→7←andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.You'reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan→8←youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe→9←→←happens:Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwasabittoo→10←→←anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould→11←theclockandstartover.We'veallbeenthere.→12←→←,eventhoughit'scommon,it'simportanttokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay→13←foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso→14←yourchild'sself-esteem.Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour→15←withyourkids,thenyouareinadvertentlymodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe→16←ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionallyregulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen→17←bystressisoneofthemostimportantofalllife'sskills.Certainly,it'sincredibly→18←tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourkids.Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tobethebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith→19←situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand→20←fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.第（12）题选A.OverallB.InsteadC.HoweverD.Otherwise正确答案：C,4.Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious1tohowtheycanbest2suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand3,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.4theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe5thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare6byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe7toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,8,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,9studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide10opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful11dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe12ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult13visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave14attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized15participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto16elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants17.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.

18,theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby19forrolesthatarewithintheir20andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.______A.strengthenB.accommodateC.stimulateD.enhance正确答案：B,5.Today'sbusinesspeopleliveinanovercommunicatedworld.TherearetoomanyWebsites,toomanyreports,toomanybitsofinformation1fortheirattention.Thesuccessfulonesareforcedtobecomedeftmachetewieldersinthisjungleto2.Theyruthlesslycut3alltheextraneousdatathatareencroachingthem.They4throughtheirtaskssotheycancoverasmush5aspossibleansweringdozensofe-mailsatasittingandscrollingpastdozensmore.6themainscarcityintheirlifeisnotmoney,it'stime.Theyguardevery7secondthewayadesertwanderer8hiswater.Theproblem9allthisspeedandthefranticenergythatisspentusingtimeefficientlyisthatit10creativity.Afterallcreativitythat11whileyou'redoingsome-thingelse:Whenyou'reintheshoweryourbrainhastimetonoodleaboutand12theoddconnectionsthatleadtonewideas.Butifyourbrainisalwaysmultitasking,orrespondingtotechnoprompts,thereisontimeorenergyforundirected13playFurthermoreifyouareconsumedbythesameinformationloop14aroundeveryoneelseyoudon'thaveanythingtostimulateyou15thinkingdifferently.Youdon'thavetimetoreadthehistorybookorthesciencebookthatmayactually16youtoseeyourownbusinessinanew17.Youdon'thaveaccesstounexpectedknowledge.You'rejust18alonginthesamenarrowcurrentaseveryoneelsewhichisswiftbutnotdeep.Aplacebomachine—alittlegadgetwithvoice19andeverythingwillhelpWirelesspeopletolog20anditwilltellthemtheyhavenomessages.They'llbeabletoexperiencelifeinsteadofinformation.They'llbeabletoreflectinsteadofreact______A.circulatingB.surroundingC.coveringD.traveling正确答案：A,6.根据下面资料，回答41-45题FivewaystomakeconversationwithanyoneConversationsarelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanewpersonalinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwillstrengthenthelink.Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday:thegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeopleatworkorthesecurityguardatthedoor.Simplystartingaconversationwiththemwillformalink.Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefirstmoveandstartaconversationwithstrangers.41.____________Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon'tknowandsomethingwithinyousays"Iwanttotalkwiththisperson"——thisissomethingthatmostlyhappenswithallofus.Youwantedtosaysomething——thefirstword——butitjustwon'tcomeout,itfeelslikeitisstucksomewhere.Iknowthefeelingandhereismyadvice:justgetitout.Justthink:Whatistheworstthatcouldhappen?Theywon'ttalkwithyou?Well,theyarenottalkingwithyounow!Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingelsewilljustnow.Sokeepitsimple:"Hi","Hey"or"Hello"——dothebestyoucantogatheralloftheenthusiasmandenergyyoucan,putonabigsmileandsay"Hi".42.____________It'saproblemallofusface:youhavelimitedtimewiththepersonthatyouwanttotalkandyouwanttomakethistalkmemorable.Honestly,ifwegotstuckintherutof"hi","hello","howareyou?"and"what'sgoingon?",youwillfailtogivetheinitialjolttotheconversationthatcanmakeitsomemorable.Sodon'tbeafraidtoaskmorepersonalquestions.Trustme,you'llbesurprisedtoseehowmuchpeoplearewillingtoshareifyoujustask.43.____________Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime,makeanefforttofindthethingswhichyouandthatpersonhaveincommonsothatyoucanbuildtheconversationfromthatpoint.Whenyoustartconversationfromthereandthenmoveoutwards,you'llfindallofasuddenthattheconversationbecomesaloteasier.44.____________Imagineyouarepouringyourheartouttosomeoneandtheyarejustbusyontheirphone,andifyouaskfortheirattentionyougettheresponse"Icanmultitask".Sowhensomeonetriestocommunicatewithyou,justbeinthatcommunicationwholeheartedly.Makeeyecontact.Trustme,eyecontactiswhereallthemagichappens.Whenyoumakeeyecontact,youcanfeeltheconversation.45.____________Youallcameintoaconversationwhereyoufirstmettheperson,butaftersometimeyoumayhavemetagainandhaveforgottentheirname.Isn'tthatawkward!So,rememberthelittledetailsofthepeopleyoumetoryoutalkedwith;perhapstheplacestheyhavebeento,theplacetheywanttogo,thethingstheylike,thethingstheyhate——whateveryoutalkabout.Whenyouremembersuchthingyoucanautomaticallybecomeaninvestorintheirwellbeing.Sotheyfeelaresponsibilitytoyoutokeepthatrelationshipgoing.That'sit.Fiveamazingwaysthatyoucanmakeconversationwithalmostanyone.Everypersonisareallygoodbooktoread,ortohaveaconversationwith!A．JustsayitB．BepresentC．PayauniquecomplimentD．Name,places,thingsE．Findthe"metoo"sF．SkipthesmalltalkG．Askforanopinion第（44）题选_______.A.Justsayit

B.BepresentC.Payauniquecompliment

D.Name,places,things

E.Findthe"metoo"s

F.Skipthesmalltalk

G.Askforanopinion

正确答案：B,7.Wheneverweareinvolvedinacreativeactivitythatisself-rewarding,afeelingcalled“flow”overcomesus.Whenweareflowingweloseallsenseoftimeand1ofwhatishappeningaroundus;2,wefeelthateverythingisgoingjustright.Arockdancer3hisfeelingofflowlikethis“IfIhaveenoughspace,IfeelIcan4anenergyintotheatmosphere.Icandanceforwalls.Icandanceforfloors.Ibecomeone5theatmosphere.”“Youareinanecstatic6tosuchapointthatyoudon'texist,”saysacomposer.Thesameholds7forplayersofsport,surgeons,andcaveexplorers,whoenjoytheiractivity8theycanexpectlittlematerialreward.Flowprovidesasortofphysical9alongwithanalteredstateof10.“Yourbodyfeelsgoodandyourenergyisflowing,”asoneman11it.Inthisstatepeopleare12involvedinwhattheyaredoingthattheydonotthinkofthemselves13separatefromtheiractivity.Moreover,theyconcentrate14ontheiractivity.Theirsenseoftimeisalteredandthey15mealsandsleepwithoutnoticingtheirloss.Sizesandspacesalsoseem16.Itseemsthenthatflowisa“floatingaction”17theindividualisawareofhisactionsbutnotawareofhisawareness.18peoplethinkaboutit,flowisdestroyed,sotheyneverask19questionssuchas“AmIdoingwell?”or“Dideveryoneseemyjump?”Soitisbelievedthattoflowsuccessfullydependsagreatdealontheactivityitself;nottoodifficulttoproduceanxiety,nottooeasyto20boredom;challenging,interesting,fun.______A.intenselyB.readilyC.violentlyD.intensively

正确答案：A,8.根据下面资料，回答41-45题HowtoDisagreewithSomeoneMorePowerfulthanYouYourbossproposesanewinitiativeyouthinkwon'twork.Yourseniorcolleagueoutlinesaprojecttimelineyouthinkisunrealistic.Whatdoyousaywhenyoudisagreewithsomeonewhohasmorepowerthanyoudo?Howdoyoudecidewhetherit'sworthspeakingup?Andifyoudo,whatexactlyshouldyousay?Hereishowtodisagreewithsomeonemorepowerfulthanyou.41.____________Afterthisriskassessment,youmaydecideit'sbesttoholdoffonvoicingyouropinion.Maybeyouhaven'tfinishedthinkingtheproblemthrough,thewholediscussionwasasurprisetoyou,oryouwanttogetaclearersenseofwhatthegroupthinks.Ifyouthinkotherpeoplearegoingtodisagreetoo,youmightwanttogatheryourarmyfirst.Peoplecancontributeexperienceorinformationtoyourthinking—allthethingsthatwouldmakethedisagreementstrongerormorevalid.It'salsoagoodideatodelaytheconversationifyouareinameetingorotherpublicspace.Discussingtheissueinprivatewillmakethepowerfulpersonfeellessthreatened.42.____________Beforeyoushareyourthoughts,thinkaboutwhatthepowerfulpersoncaresabout—itmaybethecredibilityoftheirteamorgettingaprojectdoneontime.You'remorelikelytobeheardifyoucanconnectyourdisagreementtoahigherpurpose.Whenyoudospeakup,don'tassumethelinkwillbeclear.You'llwanttostateitovertly,contextualizingyourstatementssothatyou'reseennotasadisagreeableunderlingbutasacolleaguewho'stryingtoadvanceasharedgoal.Thediscussionwillthenbecomemorelikeachessgamethanaboxingmatch.43.____________Thisstepmaysoundoverlydeferential,butit'sasmartwaytogivethepowerfulpersonpsychologicalsafetyandcontrol.Youcansaysomethinglike,"Iknowweseemtobemovingtowardafirst-quartercommitmenthere.Ihavereasonstothinkthatwon'twork.I'dliketolayoutmyreasoning.WouldthatbeOK?"Thisgivesthepersonachoice,allowingthemtoverballyoptin,And,assumingtheysayyesitwillmakeyoufeelmoreconfidentaboutvoicingyourdisagreement.44.____________Youmightfeelyourheartracingoryourfaceturningred,butdowhateveryoucantoremainneutralinbothyourwordsandactions.Whenyourbodylanguagecommunicatesreluctanceoranxiety,itundercutsthemessage,itsendsamixedmessage,andyourcounterpartgetstochoosewhattoread.Deepbreathscanhelp,ascanspeakingmoreslowlyanddeliberately.Whenwefeelpanickywetendtotalklouderandfaster.Simplyslowingthepaceandtalkinginaneventonehelpscalmtheotherpersondownanddoesthesameforyou.Italsomakesyouseemconfident,evenifyouaren't.45.____________Emphasizethatyou'reofferingyouropinion,notgospeltruth.Itmaybeawell-informed,well-researchedopinion,butit'sstillanopinion,sotalktentativelyandslightlyunderstateyourconfidence.Insteadofsayingsomethinglike,"Ifwesetanend-of-quarterdeadline,we'llnevermakeit,"say,"Thisisjustmyopinion,butIdon'tseehowwewillmakethatdeadline."Havingassertedyourposition(asaposition,notasafact),demonstrateequalcuriosityaboutotherviews.Remindthepersonthatthisisyourpointofviewandtheninvitecritique.Begenuinelyopentohearingotheropinions.A．StaycalmB．StayhumbleC．Don'tmakejudgmentsD．BerealisticabouttherisksE．DecidewhethertowaitF．AskpermissiontodisagreeG．Identifyasharedgoal第（41）题选______.A.StaycalmB.StayhumbleC.Don'tmakejudgmentsD.BerealisticabouttherisksE.DecidewhethertowaitF.AskpermissiontodisagreeG.Identifyasharedgoal正确答案：E,9.根据下面资料，回答31-35题MadridwashailedasapublichealthbeaconlastNovemberwhenitrolledoutambitiousrestrictionsonthemostpollutingcars.Sevenmonthsandoneelectiondaylater,anewconservativecitycouncilsuspendedenforcementofthecleanairzone,afirststeptowarditspossibledemise.MayorJoseLuisMartinez-Almeidamadeoppositiontothezoneaeentrepieceofhiselectioncampaign,despiteitssuccessinimprovingairquality.Ajudgehasnowoverruledthecity'sdecisiontostoplevyingfines,orderingthemreinstated.Butwithlegalbattlesahead,thezone'sfuturelooksuncertainatbest.Madrid'sbackandforthoncleanairisapointedreminderofthelimitstothepatchwork,city-by-cityapproachthatcharacteriseseffortsonairpollutionacrossEurope,Britainverymuchincluded.Amongotherweaknesses,themeasurescitiesmustemploywhenlefttotackledirtyairontheirownarepoliticallycontentious,andthereforevulnerable.That'sbecausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers—whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles—ratherthanontothecarmanufacturerswhosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.It'snothardtoimagineasimilarreversalhappeninginLondon.Thenewultra-lowemissionzone(Ulez)islikelytobeabigissueinnextyear'smayoralelection.AndifSadiqKhanwinsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroadsin2021asheintends,itissuretosparkintenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumberofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected.It'snotthatmeasuressuchasLondon'sUlezareuseless.Farfromit.Localofficialsareusingtheleversthatareavailabletothemtosafeguardresidents'healthinthefaceofaseriousthreat.Thezonesdodeliversomeimprovementstoairquality,andthesciencetellsusthatmeansrealhealthbenefits—fewerheartattacks,strokesandprematurebirths,lesscancer,dementiaandasthma.Feweruntimelydeaths.Butmayorsandcouncilorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemthatisfarbiggerthananyonecityortown.Theyareactingbecausenationalgovernments——Britain'sandothersacrossEurope——havefailedtodoso.Restrictionsthatkeephighlypollutingcarsoutofcertainareas—citycentres,"schoolstreets",evenindividualroads—arearesponsetotheabsenceofalargerefforttoproperlyenforceexistingregulationsandrequireautocompaniestobringtheirvehiclesintocompliance.Waleshasintroducedspeciallowspeedlimitstominimisepollution.We'redoingeverythingbutinsistthatmanufacturerscleanuptheircars.Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldhaveaddressedtheproblem?A.Localresidents.B.Mayors.C.Councilors.D.Nationalgovernments.正确答案：D,10.Withsomuchfocusonchildren'suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice—itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother'sattention.“Parentsdon'thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,”saysRadesky.Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”withtheirchildren:“It'sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou'refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.”Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere'snovaluetoit—particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.Radesky'scitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”toshowthat_______.A.it

is

easy

for

children

to

get

used

to

blank

expressionsB.verbal

expressions

are

unnecessary

for

emotional

exchangeC.children

are

insensitive

to

changes

in

their

parents'

moodD.parents

need

to

respond

to

children'

s

emotional

needs正确答案：D,卷II一.单项选择题(共10题)1.

Obviouslywithatotalof2,000universitiesandcollegestheremustbegreatdifferencesinqualityandreputationamongthem.Manyhaveachievementssubstantialenoughforthemtobewellknownallovertheworld,butamongthesethereareafewwhichareoutstandingintheirreputation,bothnationallyandinternationally.Theseincludeafewprivateinstitutionsinvariousparts,andseveralofthegreateststateuniversities,butnonesurpassthegroupofoldprivatenorth-easternuniversitiescommonlyknownastheIvyLeague.Theiroldsocial-elitereputationsarebynowovershadowedbythereputationoftheirgraduateschoolsasintellectual-elitecenters.Theirfeesarehigh,butmostgraduatestudentshavescholarshipsofsomekind.ThebestknownofallisHarvard,whichissituatedinCambridge,Massachusetts,intheurbanareaofBoston.Yale(foundedin1701)isinNewHaven,betweenBostonandNewYork.ThereismuchincommonbetweenHarvardandYale,andtogetheroccupyapositioninAmericanuniversityliferatherlikeOxfordandCambridgeinEngland.Aremarkablenumberofthemenwhoholdprominentpositionsinpubliclifeandthebigcorporationswereeducatedatoneofthesetwo.Thereisacertainprejudiceagainstthekindofprivilegewhichisassociatedinthepublicmindwiththeseinstitutions,andthatisnotsurprisinginviewoftheAmericanidealofequality.Forundergraduatestudies,HarvardandYaleareprobablysomewhatmoreprivileged,intheold(social)senseoftheworld,thanOxfordandCambridgeinEngland,buttheyarecloselyfollowedinthepreeminencebyseveralotherinstitutionssuchasPrinceton(foundedin1746),nowsurroundedbyNewJerseysuburbs,andCo