2026版创新设计高考总复习英语(外研版)教师用-Unit 5　Into the unknown

Ⅰ.阅读单词1.intriguev. (因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣,引起……的好奇心2.pyramidn. 金字塔3.astronomyn. 天文学4.tropicaladj. 来自热带的;产于热带的5.getawayn. 逃跑,逃走6.retreatv. 后退;离开;退避7.subduev. 克制,抑制(情绪)8.unchartedadj. 地图上没有标明的9.delvev. 探索,探究10.shipwreckn. 失事的船;沉船11.coraln. 珊瑚12.upwardsadv. 向上,朝上13.trenchn. 海沟14.equivalentadj. 等同的;等值的;相当的15.vesseln. 船;舰Ⅱ.核心单词1.PanamaCanal 巴拿马运河2.thedownfallofthecities 城市的衰败3.around500millimetres 约500毫米4.achemicalsubstance 一种化学物质5.furthermoreadv. 此外;而且;不仅如此Ⅲ.一词多义1.buryv.将……埋在下面,埋葬;覆盖;掩藏(感情);埋头于,专心于①burythedead埋藏死者②beburiedundersnow被雪覆盖③buryherfeelings掩藏她的情感④beburiedinwork专心于工作2.ruinn.(pl.)残垣断壁,废墟;破产v.毁坏,破坏①intheruins在废墟中②thebrinkofruin濒临破产③ruinourtrip破坏我们的旅行3.shrinkv.退缩,畏缩;(使)收缩,缩水①shrinkfromdanger在危险面前退缩②shrink15percent收缩15%4.stackv.(使)整齐地堆起;摞起n.一叠,一摞,一堆①stackboxes把箱子摞起②astackofbooks一摞书Ⅳ.派生单词1.civilisationn. 文明(社会)civilisev. 使文明;使有教养civilisedadj. 文明的2.abandonv. 离弃,逃离;放弃abandonedadj. 被放弃的,被遗弃的;放纵的3.dismissv. 拒绝考虑,否定;消除,去除;开除,解雇;解散dismissaln. 解雇,开除;不予理会;解散4.expansionn. 扩大;增加expandv. 扩大;扩张;膨胀5.investigationn. 调查;科学研究investigatev. 调查;研究6.archaeologicaladj. 考古学的;考古的archaeologyn. 考古学archaeologistn. 考古学家7.notableadj. 显要的;显著的;值得注意的notev. 注意;记录n. 笔记notablyadv. 显著地;尤其8.drillingn. 钻探;勘探drillv. 钻(孔),打(眼);操练Ⅴ.短语词块1.correspondto 与……相符/一致2.apply...to... 把……应用于……3.runforone’slife 逃命4.checkout 调查,检查5.steerclearof 避开……;从……处脱身6.setout 出发;动身踏上(漫长的)旅途7.throwoneselfinto 积极投入到……中去8.thinktwice 再三考虑,慎重考虑9.shrinkfrom 避免做,不愿做10.lookinto 调查(问题)11.ontopof 除此之外;在……上面12.beyondthereachof 超出……的能力之外;……够不着13.fallintoruin (因无人照料而)衰落,败落14.makeagetaway 逃跑,逃走15.testthewaters 试水,试探Ⅵ.教材佳句1.IntriguedbyMayacivilisationfromaveryyoungage,15-year-oldCanadianWilliamGadourythoughthehadmadeanincrediblediscoveryfromhisstudyofancientstarcharts.(动词-ed形式作状语)十五岁的加拿大少年威廉·甘德瑞自幼便对玛雅文明着迷,他认为自己通过研究古老星象图有了惊人发现。2.Meanwhile,theriseandfallofthiscivilisationmustalsoleaveusthinkingaboutourownpast,presentandfuture.(leave+宾语+宾语补足语)同时,玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考我们自己的过去、现在与将来。3.Furthermore,theoceansareavaluablesourceofnaturalresources,someofwhicharecompletelynewtous.(“代词+介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)此外,海洋是宝贵的自然资源的来源,其中有些资源对我们来说是全新的。4.Humankindisenteringanewageofoceanicdiscovery,andtheworldbeneaththewavesmayonedaybealmostasfamiliartousasthelandwewalkupontoday.(海洋探索)人类正进入海洋发现的新时代,或许有朝一日,我们会像熟悉脚下的土地一样熟悉那海浪下的世界。▶构词法日积月累词缀ex-表示“出,出去”①expand扩大;扩张;膨胀②exclude把……排斥在外;排除③export出口④exhale呼气⑤expose暴露StepOne写一写Ⅰ.阅读单词1.beintriguedbyMayacivilisation激起对玛雅文明的兴趣2.pyramidsbuiltbyancientEgyptians古埃及人建造的金字塔3.physicsandastronomy物理学和天文学4.theworld’stropicalforests全球热带雨林5.retreattoherbedroom退避到她的卧室6.subdueherfears克制她的恐惧7.coralreefs珊瑚礁8.beequivalenttofivemiles等于五英里Ⅱ.核心单词1.furthermoreadv.此外;而且;不仅如此2.canaln.运河3.downfalln.衰败4.millimetren.毫米5.substancen.物质Ⅲ.派生单词1.civilisev.使文明;使有教养→civilisationn.文明(社会)→civilisedadj.文明的2.abandonv.离弃,逃离;放弃→abandonedadj.被放弃的,被遗弃的;放纵的3.dismissv.拒绝考虑,否定;消除,去除;开除,解雇;解散→dismissaln.解雇,开除;不予理会;解散4.expandv.扩大;扩张;膨胀→expansionn.扩大;增加

5.investigatev.调查;研究→investigationn.调查;科学研究6.archaeologyn.考古学→archaeologicaladj.考古学的;考古的→archaeologistn.考古学家7.notev.注意;记录n.笔记→notableadj.显要的;显著的;值得注意的→notablyadv.显著地;尤其Ⅳ.短语互译1.setout出发;动身踏上(漫长的)旅途

2.thinktwice再三考虑,慎重考虑

3.shrinkfrom避免做,不愿做

4.lookinto调查(问题)

5.correspondto与……相符/一致

6.apply...to...把……应用于……7.fallintoruin(因无人照料而)衰落,败落8.throwoneselfinto积极投入到……中去9.runforone’slife逃命10.checkout调查,检查11.ontopof除此之外;在……上面12.beyondthereachof超出……的能力之外;……够不着Ⅴ.句式仿写1.句型公式:动词-ed形式作状语Rejectedmanytimes,themandidnotloseheart.

虽然被拒绝了很多次,这个人并没有失去信心。2.句型公式:leave+宾语+宾语补足语WhatDadsaidwasaterribleblowtome,leavingmeintodeeperanxiety.(心理描写)

爸爸的话对我是一个沉重的打击,使我陷入更深的焦虑之中。3.句型公式:“代词+介词+关系代词”引导定语从句Duringhislifetime,hewroteagreatnumberofexcellentpoems,allofwhichhaveagreateffect/influenceonChineseculture.(人物介绍)

在他的一生中,他写了大量优秀的诗歌,所有这些都对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。StepTwo练一练Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母提示写出单词的正确形式1.InanenvironmentexposedtoEnglish,myEnglishlisteningandspeakingabilitiesgotimprovedgreatly.Furthermore,Imadesomenewfriends,whohelpedmealot.2.Whenweusemetals,itisimportanttoknowhowtheyreactwithdifferentsubstances,forexample,waterandoxygen.3.Hislackofexperiencehadledtohisdownfall.4.Thearrivalofcanalswasofgreatvaluetomanyindustries.Ⅱ.根据语境用括号内所给词的正确形式填空1.Thisabandonedboywasabandoninghimselftoplayinggamesonlineallday.(abandon)2.Incollege,hemajoredinhistoryandarchaeologyandbecameafamoushistorianandarchaeologist.Throughhishardwork,someimportantarchaeologicalfindingshavebeendiscovered.(archaeology)3.Anofficialtoldusthattheystartedtoinvestigatethecaselastmonthandtheinvestigationwasnotoveryet.(investigate)4.Hisworkmatesnotedthathemadenotablecontributionstothecommunity.(note)Ⅲ.短语填空throwoneselfinto;lookinto;apply...to...;beyondthereachof;setout;shrinkfrom1.Eachparticipantsetoutfromtheschoolgateat6amandthenclimbedupMountainNan,coveringabout10kilometers.

2.Sheputthemedicineonthetopshelf,whichwasbeyondthereachofherson.

3.Weareproudthatnomatterhowbigthedifficultiesaheadare,we’llnevershrinkfromthem.

4.Later,Idecidedtoapplymypreviousexperiencetohowtoreadandwrite.5.Ateamofscientistsaresenttolookintothepossibilitiesofwind-generatedelectricity.

6.Sinceherhusbanddied,she’sthrownherselfintoherwritingcareer.

Ⅳ.串记练习阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Whiledivinginthedeepwatersofatrench,somedivershappenedtofindawholecity1.buried(bury)beneaththewavesaswellasashipwreck,whichwasfullof2.corals(coral).Thisdiscovery3.intrigued(intrigue)somearchaeologists.Theyimmediatelythrew4.themselves(them)intostudyingthehistoryofthecityandhowitfell5.intoruin.Inthemiddleofthe6.investigation(investigate),theysuddenlyfoundsomemysteriouscreaturesswimmingaroundthem.They7.subdued(subdue)theirfearsandcontinuedtheirinvestigation.Butwiththe8.expansion(expand)ofthenumberofthesestrangecreatures,theyrealizedanotableproblem—itwasnotsafetocontinuestayinginthewater.Afterthinking9.twice(two),theydecidedtostop10.delving(delve)deeperandabandonthecityaswellastheshipandretreat.Afterall,lifeisthemostimportant.1.buryv.将……埋在下面,埋葬;埋藏;使陷入;覆盖;隐藏佳句背诵Jennifersatonthefloor,buryingherfaceinherhands,andherbodytrembledasshesoftlybegantocry.(动作+情绪描写)詹妮弗坐在地板上,双手捂着脸,身体颤抖着,轻声地开始哭泣。Youcan’tcontinuetoburyyourheadinthesand—youmustlearntofacefacts.(建议信)你再也不能逃避现实了——必须学会面对事实。buryoneselfin=beburiedinburyoneselfin=beburiedin 埋头于;专心于buryone’sfaceinone’shands 双手掩面[联想]表示“专注于;致力于;埋头于”的短语还有:beabsorbedin、concentrateon、focuson、fixone’sattentionon、bedevotedto=devoteoneselfto、occupyoneselfindoing/with=beoccupiedindoing/with。以练促学句式升级/一句多译①Davidstillrefusedtolookatmeandhisheadwasburiedinhisarms.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)→Davidstillrefusedtolookatme,withhisheadburiedinhisarms.(with复合结构)

→Davidstillrefusedtolookatme,hisheadburiedinhisarms.(独立主格结构)

②我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。(新高考Ⅰ卷)→Iburymyself/amburiedinreadingtheEnglishnewspapereverydayandIhavegainedabundantknowledge.

→Buryingmyself/BuriedinreadingtheEnglishnewspapereveryday,Ihavegainedabundantknowledge.(动词-ing/-ed形式作状语)

2.ruinn.毁坏;破产;(pl.)残垣断壁,废墟v.毁坏;使破产佳句背诵Youcan’tchangethepast,butyoucanruinthepresentbyworryingaboutthefuture.你改变不了过去,但如果你忧虑未来,将会毁了现在。(主旨升华)lie/beinruinslie/beinruins 成为废墟;遭到严重破坏fallintoruin (因缺乏照料而)衰落,败落bereducedtoruins 沦为废墟ruinone’shealth/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途以练促学单句语法填空/句式升级①Thefloodruinedcropsinthefield,andmanybuildingslayinruins.(ruin)②Thewholecityfellintoruinaftertheearthquake,whichmadeusawakeallnight.③Theheavyrainlastedtwoweeks,whichcompletelyruinedourholiday.→Theheavyrainlastedtwoweeks,completelyruiningourholiday.(动词-ing形式作状语)

3.abandonv.抛弃;离弃,逃离;放弃;中止;陷入,沉湎于(某种感情)n.放纵;放任;尽情→abandonedadj.被放弃的,被遗弃的;放纵的佳句背诵Attheparty,peoplesanganddancedwithabandon,totallyforgettingthetroublesintheirlives.(情绪描写)聚会上,人们尽情地唱歌、跳舞,完全忘记了生活中的烦恼。abandonabandon(doing)sth 放弃(做)某事abandononeselfto(doing)sth 沉湎于(做)某事;放纵(感情)于(做)某事withabandon 纵情;放任地以练促学单句语法填空/句式升级①Istillrememberedmyfriends’promisesoIwentpasttheabandoned(abandon)milkinghousetoseeiftheyhadfixedthebrokenwindow.(2023·浙江1月卷)②Weallrespectherbecauseshealwaysabandonsherselftonewteachingmethods.(人物介绍)→Abandoningherselftonewteachingmethods,shewinsourrespect.(动词-ing形式作状语)

4.setout出发;动身踏上(漫长的)旅途佳句背诵Whensettingoutonalongwalk,it’simportanttowearsuitableshoes.(建议信)当出发去远足时,穿合适的鞋子很重要。Istronglyrecommendsettingdownthekeypointsinclassincaseyouforgetthem.我强烈建议在课堂上记下要点,以防你忘记。(建议信)setdownsetdown 写下,记下setaside 留出;把……放置一旁;不理会;撤销setoff 出发;引起;使爆炸setup 建立;设置;安排setaboutdoingsth=setouttodosth 着手做某事以练促学单句语法填空/完成语段①Wesetouttopaint(paint)thewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthatday.

=Wesetaboutpainting(paint)thewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthatday.②AsfarasI’mconcerned,it’stimeforustosetoffforthefarawaythemepark.

③ItisourtraditiontosetofffireworkstocelebratetheSpringFestivalandtheLanternFestival.Besides,wewillsetasideseveraldaystovisittherelatives.

燃放烟火庆祝春节和元宵节是我们的传统。此外,我们会留出几天时间去拜访亲戚。片段巩固用bury;ruin;abandon;setout完成“情绪描写”片段写作提示:被信任的人抛弃,她很迷茫→掩面伤心、悲痛欲绝,她觉得周围的一切都被毁了→突然有了勇气,开启了自己的新的旅程Abandonedbythoseshetrusted,shefeltlost.Sheburiedherfaceinherhands,overcomebygrief.Shefeltasifeverythingaroundherhadbeenruined.Butthen,withasparkofcourage,shesetoutonajourneytorebuildherlifeandfindmeaningonceagain.1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思①Iwouldnotshrinkfromdanger.It’stimetoapplythetipsIlearnedtopractice.v.退缩②Therewerestacksofbooksonthebedsidetableandfloor.n.一摞,一堆,一叠2.选出dismiss的汉语意思A.v.摒除,消除B.v.解雇,免职C.v.解散D.v.拒绝考虑①Afewofficialsweredismissedfromtheirpositionsforincompetence.B②Theprofessordismissedtheclassearlybecauseshehadameeting.C③Thesuggestionshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand.D④Dismissingherfears,sheclimbedhigher.A句型公式:leave+宾语+宾语补足语课本原句:Meanwhile,theriseandfallofthiscivilisationmustalsoleaveusthinkingaboutourownpast,presentandfuture.同时,玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考我们自己的过去、现在与将来。佳句背诵JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedIhadleftmybookinthecafe.就在我到达学校门口的时候,我意识到我把书忘在咖啡馆里了。leave+leave+宾语+形容词leave+宾语+where引导的地点状语从句leave+宾语+as引导的方式状语从句以练促学单句语法填空/单句写作①Ifapersonisbadlyinjuredinanaccident,you’dbetterleavehimwhereheis.②Don’tleavethefacilitiesexposed(expose)tostrongsunshineforlong,whichwilldamagethem.

③Onhearingthebadnews,hehurriedhome,leavingthebooklyingopenonthetable.

一听到这个坏消息,他就匆忙回家了,那本书还打开着放在桌子上。维度一核心知识运用1.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpanding(expand)theircookeryknowledgeandskills.(2023·全国乙卷)2.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned(abandon).(2022·全国乙卷)3.Hewalkedslowlyalongthecanal,hishandburied(bury)inhispocket.4.Theconclusionsdonotcorrespondtotheiroriginalhypotheses.5.Manypeoplebelievethatbeingwealthyisequivalenttogainingsuccess.6.Thewholecompanyisgossipingaboutthereasonforhisdismissal(dismiss).7.Asyouknow,Chinaisoneofthefourancientcivilisations(civilise)withmorethan5,000yearsofhistoryandcountlessprofound(博大精深的)cultures.8.Studentswillputonalltypesofperformances,someofwhichcanofferawindowintotraditionalChineseculture.9.AsfarasI’mconcerned,it’stimeforustosetouttosettle(settle)thedisagreement.

10.Don’tleavethewaterrunning(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.维度二单句写作1.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,leavingthebreakfastuntouched.(leave+宾语+宾语补足语)

他起床晚了,匆匆赶到办公室,早餐也没动。2.Basedonthisunderstanding,wehaveagooddealofcontrolandresponsibilityoverourcarbonfootprint.(动词-ed形式作状语)

基于这样的认识,我们对我们的碳足迹有很好的控制和责任。3.Asscheduled,morethan200calligraphyworks,allofwhicharecollectedfrombothstudentsandteachers,willbeonshowonJune1throughJune15onthefirstfloorofthelibrary.(“代词+介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)

按计划,200多幅书法作品将于6月1日至15日在图书馆一楼展出,这些作品是从学生和教师中收集而来的。4.TomasterMandarin,itissuggestedthatyou(should)practicewithChinesepeople.(名词性从句)

为了掌握普通话,建议你和中国人一起练习。5.Thenewsthatourfootballteamwonthematchwasencouraging.(名词性从句)

我们足球队赢了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。维度三单元知识拾遗1.Neverretreatfromanideawithoutthinkingtwice.Ifwedo,2.ourcreativitymayshrink.Considercarefullyandunlocknewpossibilities.

不要未经深思熟虑就放弃一个想法。如果我们这样做,我们的创造力可能会萎缩。仔细考虑,开启新的可能性。Ⅰ.话题下的应用文专练(说明文——神秘生物大脚怪)你校英文报上周组织了世界神秘动物的调查活动。请你结合调查结果写一篇英语短文,内容包括:(1)调查的神秘动物;(2)描述神秘动物。根据提示,利用本单元所学知识完成应用文写作第一步字斟句酌优化表达①大脚怪是世界著名的神秘生物之一,引起了许多专家去探索它的存在。(intrigue,delve)TheBigfoot,oneoftheworld-famousmysteriouscreatures,intriguedmanyexpertstodelveintoitsexistence.

②值得注意的是,它身高6~10英尺,体重超过500磅,身上覆盖着棕色或红色的皮毛,还有大眼睛。(notable)Itwasnotablethatitwas6-10feettall,weighingover500poundsandwascoveredbybrownorredfurwithlargeeyes.

③科学家和研究人员团队投入到调查中,并发现了与之相关的东西,如粪便(faeces)、皮毛等。(throwoneselfinto,investigation)Teamsofscientistsandresearchersthrewthemselvesintomakinganinvestigationandhavefoundthingsrelatedtoit,suchasfaeces,furandsoon.

④到目前为止,还没有其他证据证明它的存在。Sofartherehasbeennootherevidencetoproveitsexistence.

第二步恰当过渡完美成文(使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇)TheBigfoot,oneoftheworld-famousmysteriouscreatures,intriguedmanyexpertstodelveintoitsexistence.Itwasnotablethatitwas6-10feettall,weighingover500poundsandwascoveredbybrownorredfurwithlargeeyes.Teamsofscientistsandresearchersthrewthemselvesintomakinganinvestigationandhavefoundthingsrelatedtoit,suchasfaeces,furandsoon.However,sofartherehasbeennootherevidencetoproveitsexistence.Ⅱ.话题下的续写能力提升(根据提示续写2场景)场景导语:“我”想要为父亲制作特殊的一餐——自制面包→计划宣告失败,“我”把酵母面团丢进了垃圾桶,以免父亲知道后笑话“我”→酵母面团在阳光下持续发酵,表面震动和“呼吸”的模样像极了垃圾桶里有活物→父亲在吃饭时一直惴惴不安,三番五次想要探寻究竟→“我”不得不解释原因,场面有些尴尬……场景续写1:爸爸轻拍“我”的肩膀,“我们”走了进去→爸爸不再提面团,通过聊最近的工作来缓解尴尬→教导鼓励并告诉“我”如何做成面包→制作成功Mydadtappedmegentlyontheshoulder,andwewentinside.SittingbacktoourCornishchicken,Dad,smilingly,updatedmeonrecenteventsathisworkwithoutamerementionofthecrazydoughwildlydancingoutside,whichservedwonderfullyasagentleembarrassmentreliever.However,whiledoingthedishesafterdinner,Dadsaidtomewithfirmnessinhisvoice,“Youdon’thavetobeanexperttomakebread,butyoudohavetodoyourresearchbeforetakingactions.Thereisnosuchthingasaneasywayout.”Andthatwasthestartingpointofmyjourneywithmakingtheperfectbread.

场景续写2:聚会上,每个人都想尝尝“我”的面包→体会成功做好面包的过程→探索过程的感悟和经验Atapartythreemonthslater,everyonewantedtotrymybread.Therestofthenightslippedaway,filledwithinquiriesaboutmysecretrecipe.Yet,hardlywasthereadifferentanswerotherthan,“Beautycomesfrombalanceandpatience.”Tobefrank,thatwasexactlywhatI’dlearntduringmynumerousexperiments.Anamazingloafofbreadrequiredsuitablebalanceofingredientstomixaswellasenormouspatienceofwaitingforthedoughtorise.Countlessweremyfailurestomaketastybread,everysinglemomentofitwascherished.Alongthejourney,I’vedevelopedfromthemanwhosedoughsighsinadustbintothemanwhosebreadmakesyourtastebudsdance.

课时作业Ⅰ.阅读理解Humanhistoryisfullofhorsestorieslikeguidingcowboyshomeonfoggynightsandtakingwoundedsoldiersthroughbattlezones.SuchsensibleandhighlytrainedhorsesmadeElinaJatel,acomputerscientistandroboticist,thinkofrobots.“Ahorsethatcantakeariderhomeonitsownwouldbethehighestlevelofautonomy,”Jatelsays.“Youtrustthemwithyourlife.”Shewasdrawntolearninghowsuchrelationshipsformandifitcouldhelpimprovehuman-robotinteractions.Forayear,Jatelengagedherselfinthehorseworld.Shewatchedclassesinhorsetraining,andshealsotalkedwithstudents,instructors,trainersandhorseowners.Alongtheway,Jatelevenlearnedtoride.Horseslearnsignalsfromtheirtrainersonhowtocomfortablyinteractwithpeople.People,too,mustlearntheirpart.Ridersmustlearnwhatahorsewantsorhowitfeelsbasedonitsbehavior,andwhatsignalstousetodirecthorsestoperformindesiredways.Jatelfoundsomesimilarities,here,toworkingwithrobots.Peoplemustlearnhowtodirectrobotstodospecifictasks.Theyalsomustlearnwhattodowhenrobotsdon’tperformasplanned.Thegoalistoprogramrobotsthatwillrespondpredictablytoinputsfrompeople.Butlikehorses,autonomousrobotsalsoshouldbeabletorespondontheirownasconditionschange.Forexample,aself-drivingcarmuststoptoavoidhittingsomething,evenifsomehumanmistakenlytellsittokeepgoing.Trainersandridersworkwithhorsestobuildrespect.Horsesshowthatrespectbymatchingtheirpacetoahumanorgivingsomeonewhoisleadingthemasafedegreeofpersonalspace.Trainersbegintheirworkwithahorsebygettingthemtoshowsignsofrespectinbasicinteractions,Jatelsays.Later,trainerswilldevelopmorecomplexinteractions.Gradually,ahorse’srespectcangrowintotrust.Butthattrustisnotgiven.Andtheremaybeasimilarlimitationwithrobots.Whatwoulditmeanforrobotsandpeopletorespectandtrusteachother?Fornow,sheadds,thisislargelyunchartedterritory.Butshe’slookingtobuildapath.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。机器人专家埃琳娜·贾特尔从马与人的关系中获得研发自主机器人的灵感。文章主要介绍了其灵感来源以及未来的重点研究方向。1.WhatdrewElinaJatel’sattentiontohorses?A.Horses’amazingperformance.B.Longhistoryofhorsetraining.C.Horse-humaninterdependence.D.Herhorse-ridingexperience.答案A[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Suchsensibleandhighly...helpimprovehuman-robotinteractions.”可知,这些有判断力且训练有素的马让计算机科学家和机器人专家埃琳娜·贾特尔想到了机器人。一匹马可以自己带骑手回家,这就是最高级别的自主性,她很想了解这种关系是如何形成的,以及它是否有助于改善人机互动。由此可知,马的惊人表现吸引了埃琳娜·贾特尔对马的注意。故选A。]2.Whataretherobotsofthehighestautonomydesignedtodo?A.Toactlikerealhorses.B.Toshowrespectforhumans.C.Tofollowinstructionsfromhumans.D.Tomakeindependentandsensibledecisions.答案D[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thegoalisto...asconditionschange.”可知,其目标是编程机器人,使其能够对人类的输入做出可预测的反应。但像马一样,自主机器人也应该能够在条件变化时自行做出反应。下文关于自动驾驶汽车的例子也说明了这一点。由此可知,最高自主的机器人被设计做出独立而明智的决定。]3.WhatwillJatel’sfutureresearchmostprobablyfocuson?A.Thelimitationsofrobots.B.Trustbetweenrobotsandhumans.C.Thepathtowardhigherrobotefficiency.D.Similaritiesbetweenhorsesandrobots.答案B[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Whatwoulditmeanfor...lookingtobuildapath.”(机器人和人类相互尊重和信任意味着什么?她认为目前这在很大程度上是一个未知领域,她想要开辟一条道路)可知,贾特尔未来的研究重点是机器人和人类之间的信任。故选B。]4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HistoryofHuman-HorseRelationshipB.SecretsofHuman-AnimalInteractionsC.TheRoleofTrustinHuman-RobotPartnershipsD.HorsesastheInspirationforAutonomousRobots答案D[标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是第一段中的“SuchsensibleandhighlytrainedhorsesmadeElinaJatel,acomputerscientistandroboticist,thinkofrobots.”可知,机器人专家从马与人类的关系中得到研发自主机器人的灵感,接下来重点介绍了其灵感来源以及未来的研究重点等。由此可知,D项“马作为自主机器人的灵感来源”最适合作文章标题。故选D。]Humanshavesailedtheoceans’surfacesformillennia,buttheirdepthsremaineffectivelyuncharted.Onlyaboutaquarteroftheseafloorhasbeenmappedathighresolution.Mapsofmostregionsdisplayonlyapproximatedepthsandoftenmissentireunderwatermountainsorcanyons(峡谷).Soresearchershaveintroducedsomedeep-divingexperts:ElephantSeals.ScientistshavebeenplacingtrackersonthemaroundAntarcticaforyears,gatheringdataonoceantemperature.Foranewstudy,theresearcherscomparedthesedivers’locationanddepthdatawithsomeofthelessdetailedseafloormaps.Theyspottedplaceswherethesealsdovedeeperthanshouldhavebeenpossibleaccordingtothemaps—meaningtheexistingdepthestimateswereinaccurate.IneasternAntarctica’sVincennesBay,thedivingsealshelpedthescientistsfindalarge,hiddenunderwatercanyonofmorethanamileindepth.AnAustralianresearchshipcalledtheRSVNuyinalatermeasuredthecanyon’sexactdepthusingsonar(声纳),andtheresearchershaveproposednamingtheirfindtheMirounga-NuyinaCanyon—honoringboththeshipandtheinvolvedElephantSeals,genusMirounga.Butsealscan’tcharttheentireoceanfloor.Thetrackersusedinthestudycouldpinpointaseal’sgeographicallocationonlywithinabout1.5miles,whichallowsforusefulbutnotexactlyhigh-resolutiondata.Plus,becausethesealsdon’talwaysdivetothebottomoftheocean,theycanrevealonlywherethebottomisdeeperthaninexistingmaps—notshallower.Deep-searesearchexpertssuggestimprovingonthesedatabyusingmoreprecisetrackingdevicesandanalyzingtheseals’divingpatternstodeterminewhethertheyhavereachedtheseafloororsimplystoppedgoingdown.Thepotentialuseofthecurrentseal-divedataistogatherinformationaboutthedeepoceanaroundAntarctica,specificallyregardingthelocationanddepthofseafloorcanyons.ThisdatacanbevaluableforpredictinghowAntarctica’sicewillmelt.Byunderstandingthepresenceandcharacteristicsofthesecanyons,scientistscanbetterassesshowwarmerwaterfromthedeepoceanflowstowardstheicealongthecontinent’scoast.ThisknowledgeiscrucialforaccuratelymodelingandpredictingthefuturebehaviorofAntarctica’sicesheetsandtheircontributiontothesealevelrise.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。装备有跟踪器的象海豹协助研究人员绘制未被探索的海洋深处,揭示南极洲的Mirounga-Nuyina峡谷等的隐藏特征。尽管存在局限性,它们的数据加强了对南极冰盖融化和海平面上升预测的理解。5.Howdidtheresearchersfindoutthedepthinaccuracies?A.Bygatheringtemperaturedata.B.Withthehelpofseals’diving.C.Byimprovingresolutionofmaps.D.Withthetrackersplacedoncanyons.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“theresearcherscomparedthesedivers’locationanddepthdata...sealsdovedeeper...meaningtheexistingdepthestimateswereinaccurate”可知,研究人员将这些潜水海豹的位置和深度数据与一些不太详细的海底地图进行了比较,他们发现海豹潜入的深度超出了地图上应有的深度。这意味着现有的深度估计是不准确的。故选B。]6.WhyisthediscoveryofMirounga-NuyinaCanyonmentioned?A.Toprovidemorereferencedata.B.Tointroduceanewtopic.C.Togivesupportingevidence.D.Tomakeacomparison.答案C[写作意图题。结合第二段最后一句可知,研究人员发现现有的深度估计不准确;通读第三段可知,该段通过Mirounga-NuyinaCanyon的具体例子来进一步佐证这一发现。故选C。]7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Researcherscanassessoceanfeatures.B.Datacanbeusedtotrackicelocation.C.Underwaterflowcanbecontrolled.D.Scientistscanmonitoricemelting.答案D[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Byunderstandingthepresence...contributiontothesealevelrise”可知,通过了解这些峡谷的存在和特征,科学家可以更好地评估来自深海的温暖海水如何流向大陆沿岸的冰层。这些知识对于准确建模和预测南极洲冰盖的未来行为及其对海平面上升的贡献至关重要。由此推断,科学家通过了解这些峡谷的存在和特征可以监测冰的融化。故选D。]8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Sealsassistscientistsinchartingoceanfloor.B.Sealsadvancetrackingdevices’precision.C.Scientistsdrawinspirationfromseals.D.Scientistsuncoverseals’divingpatterns.答案A[文章大意题。根据全文内容可知,本文主要介绍了装备有跟踪器的象海豹协助研究人员绘制未被探索的海洋深处,揭示南极洲的Mirounga-Nuyina峡谷等的隐藏特征,继而助力科学家预测气候变化。故选A。]Aninnovativecreationwillhelptransformtreatingdiseases.ScientistsatTuftsUniversityandHarvardUniversity’sWyssInstitutedevelopedtinybiologicalrobots“Anthrobots”fromhumancells.TheseAnthrobotspossesstheastonishingabilitytomoveacrosssurfacesandhaveexhibitedaremarkablehealing(治愈)effectbystimulatingneuron(神经元)growthindamagedlabdishregions.Thisdiscoveryservesasacrucialsteppingstonetowardtheresearchers’visionofemployingbiologicalrobotsasinnovativetoolsforhealing,anddiseasetreatment.ThisbreakthroughoriginatesfromearlierresearchconductedbyMichaelLevin,ProfessorofBiologyatTuftsUniversitySchoolofArts&Sciences,andJoshBongardattheUniversityofVermont.TheyoncecreatedbiologicalrobotscalledXenobotsfromfrogcells,capableofvariousfunctionsincludingself-copying,foralimitednumberofcycles.However,itwasunclearifbiologicalrobotscouldbeformedusingcellsfromotherspecies.Intheirlateststudy,LevinandTuftsPhDstudentGizemGumuskayadiscoveredthatAnthrobotscanindeedbecraftedfromadulthumancells,withcapabilitiesoutperformingthoseobservedinXenobots.Anthrobotsshowedtheabilitytomoveacrossasurfacecoveredinhumanneuronsgrowninalabdish,facilitatingnewgrowthtofillgapscausedbycelllayerdamage.“Itisextremelyinterestingandcompletelyunexpectedthatnormalpatients’cells,withoutchangingtheirDNA,canmoveontheirownandencourageneurongrowthacrossaregionofdamage.We’renowlookingathowthehealingmechanismworks,andaskingwhatelsetheseconstructscando,”saysLevin.Oneofthemainadvantagesofusinghumancellsliesinconstructingbiologicalrobotsfromapatient’scellstoperformhealingtaskswithoutleadingtoimmune(免疫的)responses.TheseAnthrobotsnaturallybreakdownafterafewweeksandcanbeeasilyabsorbedintothebodyoncetheirfunctioniscomplete.Anthrobotscanonlysurviveunderspecificlaboratoryconditions,posingnoriskofexposureorunintendedspreadoutsidethecontrolledenvironment.Theydonotreproduce,havenogeneticchanges,andthereforecarrynoriskofdevelopingbeyondsafetymeasures.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。科学家利用人类细胞研发出微型生物机器人,这有别于先前的“青蛙细胞生物机器人”。它展现出很多优点,优越于“青蛙细胞生物机器人”,且该机器人只能在特定的实验室条件下生存,不会引发其他风险。9.WhatdoAnthrobotsdoinhealingpatients?A.Replacehumancells.B.Facilitateneurongrowth.C.Createnewhumancells.D.Moveacrosstissuesurfaces.答案B[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“haveexhibitedaremarkablehealing(治愈)effectbystimulatingneuron(神经元)growthindamagedlabdishregions”可知,该人类细胞生物机器人通过刺激病灶区神经元的生长展现出惊人的治愈效果。由此可知,该微型机器人在治愈病人方面是通过促进神经元生长的方式来完成的。故选B项。]10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crafted”inparagraph3mean?A.Made. B.Divided.C.Copied. D.Designed.答案A[词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句可知,Anthrobots可以从人类细胞中研制出来。第三段内容肯定了第一段第二句说明的事实,即“Anthrobots确实可以从人类细胞中研制出来”。make制造;divide分开,分散;copy复制;design设计。画线词与make的含义最接近。故选A项。]11.WhatisoneofthemainadvantagesofAnthrobots?A.Theycanbeeasilycreatedfrompatients’cells.B.Theycanbeusedinmanycontrolledenvironments.C.Theycanavoidcausingimmuneresponses.D.Theycanhavegeneticchangeswhennecessary.答案C[细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Oneofthemainadvantagesof...toimmune.(免疫的)responses.”可知,这种从病人的细胞中构建的微型生物机器人执行愈合任务,不会导致免疫反应。故选C项。]12.Whichmagazineisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.AdvancedScience. B.SportsnetMagazine.C.ArtinAmerica. D.NationalGeographic.答案A[文章出处题。本文主要讲述科学家从人类细胞中构建了微型生物机器人,这种机器人优于先前的“青蛙细胞生物机器人”。由此可推知,本文最有可能摘自《前沿科学》杂志。故选A项。]Ⅱ.七选五Whiletechnologyaddictsteenstotheirdevices,theyarenothelple