2025年初升高英语完美衔接专题讲与练-10 形容词、副词

专题十形容词副词一、形容词（一）、在句子中所充当成分成分例句定语OneofthemostcommonlanguagesusedforcreatingwebpagesiscalledHTML.Whoisthegreatestwomanwriteraliveintheworld?表语Aftergettingherhaircut,shelookedevenmorebeautiful宾语补足语Withthewindowopen,manythingsintheshopwerestolenatnight.状语Thebirdfellontotheground,dead.（二）、比较级此外，初中还安排了形容词比较级、最高级的语法点学习。其变化规则如下表：规则原级比较级最高级单音节形容词在词尾加-er；-esthighfewhigherfewerhighestfewest以字母e结尾的形容词在词尾加-r；-stlargewidelargerwiderlargestwidest以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，末尾只有一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾，应先双写该辅音字母，然后加-er；-estthinbighotthinnerbiggerhotterthinnestbiggesthottest以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，须先将y变成i，然后加-er；-esthappyfunnyhappierfunnierhappiestfunniest多音节形容词前加more变比较级；加themost变最高级beautifulinterestingmorebeautifulmoreinterestingthemostbeautifulthemostinteresting部分不规则的形容词变化如下表：原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest（三）、具体用法1、只能修饰形容词原级的词very,quite,so,too.例如：Heistootiredtowalkon.他太累了以至不能再继续走了。MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan’tfollowhim.我弟弟跑得那么快以至我跟不上他。2、含有as…as（与…一样）的原级表达句式。例如：TomisasoldasKate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。TomistwiceasoldasKate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的两倍。TomrunsasfastasMike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。【注意】1、否定形式notas…as也可以用成notso…as“不如……不及……。”例如：Hedoesn’twalkasslowlyasyou.他走路不像你那样慢。Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.这个房间不如那个大。2、可以修饰比较级的词much,alot,agreatdeal,far,byfar(……得多)，alittle,abit(……一点儿)，even(甚至)，still(仍然)，any(用于否定、疑问句中)。例如：LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTwo.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。Thistrainrunsmuchfasterthanthatone.这辆火车比那辆跑得快。Shedrivesstillmorecarefullythanherhusband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。【典型例题】1、Theexperimentwaseasierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch答案C。much可修饰比较级，easier本身已是比较级，不能再用more.2、最高级表示三者及三者以上事物间的比较，常与of…，in…连用。例如：TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina.长江是中国最长的河流。→TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.长江比中国其他任何一条河都长。Ofalltheplanets,theMercuryisthenearesttothesun.在所有的行星中，水星离太阳最近。3、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。例如：Heisgettingtallerandtaller.他长得越来越高了.Theflowersaremoreandmorebeautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。4、“the+比较级…the+比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。例如：Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou’llmake.你越认真，犯的错误就越少。【典型例题】childrenthereareinafamily,theirlifewillbe.A.Theless,thebetterB.Thefewer,thebetterC.Fewer,richerD.More,poorer答案B。由句意得知“家里孩子越少，生活会越好。”children是可数名词，应用few来修饰。（四）、形容词与不定代词的搭配连用当形容词和不定代词something,anything,noting,everything连用时，这些代词应放在前面，形容词在后面。例如：Doyouhaveanythinginterestingtotellusalltoday?今天有啥有趣的事情跟我们大家说说吗？Takeiteasy.Thereisnothingseriouswithyourdisease,whichisjustacold.别紧张，你的病无大碍，只是感冒而已。【典型例题】Ihavetodotoday.A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething答案B。形容词修饰不定代词时应放在其后面。故排除C、D。句意是“我今天有重要的事情要做”，表示肯定用something.（五）、形容词与enough的搭配连用当形容词enough和不定代词连用时，形容词放在前面，enough在后面。例如：CharliewasluckyenoughtohavebeentakentotheLochNesswithfamilies.查理足够幸运地被家人带着去过尼斯湖。【注意】1.只能用作定语，不能用作表语的形容词：little,wooden,golden,many,elder…不能说Theboyislittle.Thewatchisgolden/wooden.2.只能作表语，不能用作定语的形容词：well,ill,alone,content,unable,worth,afraid,alive,asleep,ashamed,awake,aware…例如：anillboy,analonevillage就是用错的短语。可以说anillidea“坏点子”，ill当定语时是转义，不是“有病的”了。3.英语形容顺序当两个以上形容词修饰一个名词，形容词该如何排列？为什么不能说ablacknewpen,而是说成anewblackpen?这里面有无规则可循？如果你记住下列口决：好美小高状其新，颜色国料特别近。那你就能掌握英语中系列形容词做前置定语时的排列问题。“好”代表评价性的形容词，如nice,good,kind等；“美”指描述物体给人的心理感受的形容词，如beautiful,pretty,handsome,ugly,good-looking,lovely等；“小”指描述物体大小的形容词，如small,big,large,little等；“高”指描述物体的高低/矮的形容词，如tall,high,short,deep,wide,shallow,thick等；“状”指描述物体形状的形容词。如round,square,narrow等;“其”是整个口诀中的语气词，无含义。“新”指描述物体新旧的形容词。如new,oldyoung等。“颜色”就是red,green,blue,pink,black,yellow,purple这类词语。“国”也就是描述国籍类的形容词。如Chinese,Germany,Russian,Spanish等。“料”指描述物体制成所用的材料。如plastic,metal,wood,aluminum,wool,cotton,glass,steel等。英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列，如anicelongnewblackBritishplasticpen当然，实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。4.英语同源形容词的区别在英语中某些词有两种或两种以上的形容词形式，它们词形相近，但词义不同，容易用错。v-ing表示事物的特征v-ed表示人的心理感受frightening令人恐惧的Frightened对……感到恐惧delightingdelightedannoyingannoyedexcitingexcited【典型例题】Theboyonthetreeaskedinavoice,“AreyousureI’mgoingtolandonthemat？”A.happyB.frightenedC.frighteningD.embarrassing答案B。树上的孩子害怕地问道：“你们确信我会落到垫子上吗？”afrightenedvoice,表明树上的孩子心理很恐惧。5.“定冠词the+形容词”表示一类人或物，用做主语时，谓语用复数形式。例如：theyoung年青人theweak弱者thestrong强者thedisabled残疾人theold/aged老年人theinjured受伤人员E.g:Theinjuredinthetrafficaccidenthavebeenrushedtothenearesthospital.交通事故中受伤的人员已经被迅速送到最近的医院去了。6.“not+比较级”并不表示否定，而是表示正面的肯定。例如：Icouldn’tagreemore.我绝对赞同。Youcouldn’thavechosenabettergiftforme.你挑选给我的是最好的礼物。7.并非所有的形容词都有比较级。如：superior,senior,junior,similar,different,necessary,impossible等形容词没有比较级、最高级的用法。【典型例题】Afterwecomparethetwo,wefindthisdesignisthatone.A.moresuperiortoB.farsuperiorthanC.moresuperiorthanD.farsuperiorto答案D。“对比之后，我们发现这款设计比那一款要优越”。形容词superior没有比较级形式，选项A.C.用了比较级，故错误；superior与to搭配连用，故B也错。8.连系动词seem,feel,sound,appear,remain,look,go,turn,get,become常接形容词构成系表结构。例如：Thewitnessremainedsilentoverthematterforsomereasons.出于某些原因，目击者对此事保持沉默。Yourproposalsoundsverypractical.你的提议听起来很实用。二、副词的用法(1)副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。Hestudiesveryhard.（作状语）Lifehereisfullofjoy.（作定语）Whenwillyoubeback?（作表语）副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1)时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：nowtoday,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等。例如：Heoftencomestoschoollate.Whatarewegoingtodotomorrow?HeisneverbeentoBeijing.2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here,there,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out等。例如：Imetanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome.Hewentupstairs.Putdownyournamehere.3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的,有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly,它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,proudly,rapidly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,well,fast,slow,quick,hard,alone,high,straight,wide等。例如：Theoldmanwalkedhomeslowly.Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully.Thebirdsareflyinghigh.Herunsveryfast.4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much,(a)little,abit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等。例如：Herpronunciationisverygood.Shesingsquitewell.Icanhardlyagreewithyou.5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how,when,where,why等。例如：Howareyougettingalongwithyourstudies?Wherewereyouyesterday?Whydidyoudothat?(2)副词在句中的位置1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：MrSmithworksveryhard.ShespeaksEnglishwell.2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：Heusuallygetsupearly.I’veneverheardhimsinging.Sheisseldomill.3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面,但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：Itisaratherdifficultjob.Herunsveryfast.Hedidn’tworkhardenough.4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：Onmywayhome,Imetmyuncle.Thestudentstherehavealottimetodotheirownresearchwork.(3)部分常用副词的用法1)very,much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：SheisaverynicegirlI’mfeelingmuchbetternow.Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：Idon’tliketheideamuch.Theydidnottalkmuch.2)too,either这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：Shecandance,andIcandance,too.Ihaven’treadthebookandmybrotherhasn’teither.3)already,yetalready一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：Hehasalreadyleft.Haveyouheardfromhimyet?Hehasn’tansweredyet.4)so,neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句，但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：MybrotherlikesfootballandsodoI.Mybrotherdoesn’tlikedancingandneitherdoI.3.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1)Ourteacheristallerthanweare.Theboysinherclassaretallerthantheboysinyourclass.(2)most同形容词连用而不用the,表示"极,很,非常,十分"。It'smostdangeroustobehere.在这儿太危险。(3)“The+形容词比较级...,the+形容词比较级...”表示“越...就越...”。Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.(4)“形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级”,表示“越来越...”。It'sgettinghotterandhotter.(5)主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。Thisboxisasbigasmine.(6)the+形容词，表示某种人。Healwayshelpsthepoor.(7)形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。ShanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.Exercise:1．Therearemanyyoungtreeson

sidesoftheroad.A.every

B.each

C.both

D.all2．It’ssocoldtoday.Yes,it’s

thanitwasyesterday.A.morecold

B.morecolder

C.muchcolder

D.cold3．LittleTomhas

friends,soheoftenplaysalone.A.more

B.alittle

C.many

D.few4．Sheisn’tso

atmathsasyouare.A.well

B.good

C.better

D.best5．Peterwrites

ofthethree.A.better

B.best

C.good

D.well6．Heis

enoughtocarrytheheavybox.A.stronger

B.muchstronger

C.strong

D.thestrongest7．Ibought

exercise-bookswith

money.A.afew;afew

B.afew;alittle

C.alittle;afew

D.alittle;alittle8．Theboxis

heavyforthegirl

carry.A.too;to

B.to;too

C.so;that

D.no;to9．Theiceinthelakeisaboutonemeter

.It’sstrongenoughtoskateon.A.long

B.high

C.thick

D.wide10．WuLinran

fasterthantheotherboysinthesportsmeeting.A.so

B.much

C.very

D.too11.Jonelooksso_______todaybecauseshehasgotan“A”inhermathstest.A.happyB.happilyC.angryD.angrily12.Thesmileonmyfather’sfaceshowedthathewas______withme.A.sadB.pleasedC.angryD.sorry13.Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis?Certainly,wecanbuy______onethanthis,but______this.A.abetter;betterthanB.aworse;asgoodasC.acheaper;asgoodasD.amoreimportant;goodas14.Thisdigitalcameraisreallycheap!The______thebetter.I’mshortofmoney,yousee.A.cheapB.cheaperC.expensiveD.moreexpensive15.IfyouwanttolearnEnglishwell,youmustuseitas_______aspossible.A.oftenB.longC.hardD.soon16.Paulhas______friendsexceptme,andsometimeshefeelslonely.A.manyB.someC.fewD.more17.Englishpeople_____useMr.Beforeaman’sfirstname.A.neverB.usuallyC.oftenD.sometimes18.OnemoresatellitewassentupintospaceinChinainMay.Right.Thegovernmentspoke______that.A.highlyforB.highofC.wellofD.highlyof19.Rememberthis,children.______carefulyouare,______mistakesyouwillmake.Weknow,MissGao.A.Themore;themoreB.Thefewer;themoreC.Themore;thefewerD.Theless;theless20.Ihave________todotoday.A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething21. Piddy’splanwas________.A.sogoodas,ifnobetterthanours B.asgoodas,ifnotbetterthanours C.asgoodlike,ifnobetterthanour’s D.aswellas,ifnotbetter