英语国家概况课件

AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapterOneGeography,PeopleandLanguageContentsGeography

IPeopleIITheEnglishLanguageIIIIGeography

1.GeographicalFeatures2.Climate3.MajorCitiesMapoftheUKReadthemaptofind:AtlanticOceanNorthSeaIrishSeaTheEnglishChannelTheRepublicofIreland

Geography

TheofficialtitleoftheUK

theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland（since1927)ConventionallyshortenedtoUnitedKingdomAbbreviation:UKTheUKismadeupof:GreatBritain(England,ScotlandandWales)NorthernIreland

Questiontoponder:Peopleoftengetconfusedwiththeterms“England”,“Britain”,“GreatBritain”,“UnitedKingdom”,and“BritishIsles”.EvensomeBritishpeoplearenotfullyawareofthepreciserealitythatthesetermsexpress.Dothesetermsmeanthesame?大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流8EnglandManypeoplesay"England"whentheyreallymean"TheUnitedKingdom."Thisisnotcorrect!PeopleinScotland,WalesandNorthernIrelandconsideritinsultingandhatehearingBritainbeingreferredtoas“England”asitappearstoignoretheirexistence.EnglandisonlyaconstituentcountryintheUK,andapartoftheislandofGreatBritain,togetherwithScotlandandWales.BritainStrictly,“Britain”referstothelargestislandintheBritishIsles,whichcontainsmodern-dayEngland,WalesandScotlandandislandsgovernedfromthemainland(i.e.notIsleofManorChannelIslands).However,theterm“Britain”ismorecommonlyusedasapoliticalterm:analternativenamefortheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.GreatBritain"GreatBritain"isthecollectivenameforthethreecountriesofEngland,ScotlandandWales.ItalsoincludesthesmalladjacentislandsbutitdoesnotincludetheChannelIslandsandtheIsleofMan.GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandtogetherformthe"UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland“,orUK.TheUnitedKingdom“TheUnitedKingdom”istheabbreviatedformfortheofficialname“TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland“,whichcameintousein1922aftertheconstitutionoftheIrishFreeState(1922-1937),theformernameoftheRepublicofIreland.TheBritishIsles(不列颠群岛）The"BritishIsles"isageographicaltermforagroupofislandsconsistingofGreatBritain,thewholeofIreland,andmanyothersmallersurroundingislands.TheBritishIslesarethelargestgroupofislandsinEurope.LocationandterritoryLocationoftheUK:Themainlandareasliebetweenlatitudes49°Nand61°Nandlongitudes8°Wto2°ETotalterritory:about243,000squarekilometersInterestingFact:NooneintheUKlivesmorethan120km(75miles)fromthesea.

Topography(地势）

NorthernIreland:It’smostlyhilly.

Wales:It’smostlymountainous.SouthWalesislessmountainousthanNorthandMid-Wales.

Scotland:Itsgeographyisvaried,withlowlandsinthesouthandeastandhighlandsinthenorthandwest.

England:Itconsistsoflowlandterrain,withsomemountainousterraininthenorthwest,northandsouthwest.

BenNevisinScotland

—

thehighestpointinUK

RiversandLakes

Thelongestriver:SevernRiver(about980kmkilometerslong)Thesecondlongestriver:Thames(330kmkilometerslong)ThelargestLakeintheBritishIsles:LoughNeagh（内伊湖）ThamesTheRiverThames

(泰晤士河)thelongestriverinEnglandandthesecondlongestintheUnitedKingdom(332kilometerslong)ahistoricallandmarkinthecityofLondon.AboatridealongtheThamesisalsosomethingthateveryvisitorshouldexperience.Severalboatracesandactivitiestakeplacealongorattherivereachyear.LakeDistrictLakepoets

"IWanderedLonelyasaCloud"

—WilliamWordsworth

Iwanderedlonelyasacloud

Thatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,

WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,

Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;

Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,

Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.

Continuousasthestarsthatshine

Andtwinkleonthemilkyway,

Theystretchedinnever-endingline

Alongthemarginofabay:

TenthousandsawIataglance,

Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.

Lakepoets

Thewavesbesidethemdanced;butthey

Out-didthesparklingwavesinglee:

Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,

Insuchajocundcompany:

Igazed—andgazed—butlittlethought

Whatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:

Foroft,whenonmycouchIlie

Invacantorinpensivemood,

Theyflashuponthatinwardeye

Whichistheblissofsolitude;

Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,

Anddanceswiththedaffodils.KiltsKnee-lengthskirtlikegarmentthatiswornbymenasamajorelementofthetraditionalnationalgarbofScotland.HighlanddressisalsotheuniformofScottishregimentsintheBritisharmy,andkiltshavebeenworninbattleasrecentlyasWorldWarII.InBraveheart,WilliamWallace,aScottishfreedomfighter,wearshiskilthighonthethighwhileriding.2.Climate

Maincharacteristics:Temperate,withwarmsummers,coolwintersandplentifulprecipitation（降水）

throughouttheyearThreemajorfeatures:WinterfogRainydaysInstability/Changeability3.MajorCities—LondonTheRiverThamesthecapitalofEnglandandtheUnitedKingdomthepolitical,industrial,culturalandfinancialcenterofthecountryoneoftheworld'sleadingbankingandfinancialcenters

Landmarks&SymbolsofLondon

ThePalaceofWestminsterLandmarks&SymbolsofLondonWestminsterAbbeyBigBenLandmarks&SymbolsofLondonGuildhall（市政厅）Landmarks&SymbolsofLondonHydeParkTowerofLondon（伦敦塔）Landmarks&SymbolsofLondonTowerBridge

BuckinghamPalaceLandmarks&SymbolsofLondonLondonEyeMajorCities—Edinburgh

CapitalofScotlandadministrative,financial,legal,medicalandinsurancecenterofScotlandbeautifulsceneryrenownedarchitectureUniversityofEdinburgh（爱丁堡大学）oneofthemostnotedofScotland'suniversities.Itwasfoundedin1583as“theTown'sCollege”.Alumni:CharlesDarwin,SirWalterScott,thenovelistRobertLouisStevenson,andtheinventorAlexanderGrahamBell.Landmarks&SymbolsofEdinburghEdinburghCastlePalaceofHolyrood（霍利鲁德）MajorCities—Cardiff

thecapitalcityofWalesfor58years

Europe’syoungestcapitalcityhometoanenormousamountofurbanregenerationandrestorationoneofthemostfashionablecitiesintheUnitedKingdomLandmarks&SymbolsofCardiffCardiffCityHallLandmarks&SymbolsofCardiffMillenniumStadium（千年球场）

Cardiff

Castle

MajorCities—Belfast

CityHallthelargestcityandthecapitalofNorthernIrelandanimportanthistoriccityOncethehomeoftheIrishlinenindustry,tobaccoproduction,ropemakingandtheworldfamousHarlandandWolffshipbuilders.Landmarks&SymbolsofBelfastBelfastCastle

IIPeople

Overallpopulation:about63million(2012)Distribution:England:about53millionScotland:around5.2millionWales:around3.1millionNorthernIreland:around1.8millionEthnicity（种族）ThemajorityofthepopulationisdescendentsoftheAnglo-Saxons.MostpeopleinWalesandScotlandaredescendentsoftheCelticpeople.TheIrishpeoplearealsoofCelticorigin.Immigrants:Italians,Greeks,Australians,NewZealanders,etc.PercentageoftotalUKPopulationEthnicGroupsPercentageofTotalWhite:British 80.5 White:Other 5.4 White/BlackCaribbean0.8 White/BlackAfrican 0.3 White/Asian 0.6 OtherMixed 0.5 Indian 2.5 Pakistani 2.0 Bangladeshi 0.8 Chinese 0.7 OtherAsian 1.5 African 1.8 Caribbean 1.1 OtherBlack 0.5 Anyotherethnicgroup/Arab 1.0 IIITheEnglishLanguage1.OldEnglish2.MiddleEnglish3.ModernEnglish4.StandardEnglish1.OldEnglish(5th~11th)LanguageofAngle-SaxonsInfluencedbyOldNorseLatinandGreekwordsFrench-speakingNormans

TheoriginsoftheEnglishlanguageThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagereallystartedwiththearrivalofthreeGermanictribeswhoinvadedBritainduringthe5thcenturyAD.Thesetribes,theAngles,theSaxonsandtheJutes,crossedtheNorthSeafromwhattodayisDenmarkandnorthernGermany.AtthattimetheinhabitantsofBritainspokeaCelticlanguage.ButmostoftheCelticspeakerswerepushedwestandnorthbytheinvaders---mainlyintowhatisnowWales,ScotlandandIreland.TheAnglescamefromEnglalandandtheirlanguagewascalledEnglisc---fromwhichthewordsEnglandandEnglisharederived.BeowulfThemostfamousworkfromtheOldEnglishperiodisthe

epicpoemBeowulf.Hwæt!WeGar-Dena ingeardagum,þeodcyninga, þrymgefrunon,huðaæþelingas ellenfremedon.OftScyldScefing sceaþenaþreatum2.MiddleEnglish(11th~15th)StatusFrenchreplacedEnglishastheofficiallangu