口译二级综合能力（听原文写综述）模拟试卷5

口译二级综合能力（听原文写综述）模

拟试卷5

一、听力概述（本题共5题，每题1.0分，共5分。）

1>Listentothefollowingpassage.WriteinEnglishashortsummaryof150-200words

ofwhatyouhaveheardontheANSWERSHEET.Youwillhearthepassageonlyonce

andthenyouwillhave25minutestofinishyoursummary.Thispartofthetestcarries20

points.Youmayneedtoscribbleafewnotestowriteyoursummary.

标准答案：TheArcticCircleboastsalargenumberofnaturalresourcesundertheice.

Asclimatechanges,discussionincreasesabouthowtogettothoseresources.Lessice

alsomeanspossiblenewbusinessinshipping,tourismandfishing.Buttherearcmany

problemsinreachingthoserichresources.Environmentalistsareagainstanylargeeffort

totakeArcticresources,warningthatthefragileenvironmentcouldbeharmedpast

repair.Despitethat,companiesseekbusinesspossibilitiesintheNorthwestPassage,and

shipsarenowtakingpassengersthroughtheArcticCircle.Besidestourism,shipping

companiesmaystartusingthepassagetosaveonfuelcosts.However,businessesmay

wanttodomorethanmovethroughthearea.AccordingtotheU.S.GeologicalSurvey,

upto30%oftheworld'sundiscoveredgasand13%ofitsundiscoveredoilareinsidethe

ArcticCircle,andtherecouldbeotherresources,likediamonds,uranium,phosphate,

nickel,platinum,lithium,cobaltandpureiron.Asaresult,countriesintheArcticregion,

likeGreenland,Russia,CanadaandtheUSA,aremakingclaimstolandandresourcesin

thearea.（180words）

知识点解析：主干内容1.Atthetopoftheworld,undertheice,liesalargenumberof

naturalresources.Gas,coal,uraniumandotherminerals,evendiamonds,situndertheice

insidetheArcticCircle.2.Lessicealsomeanspossiblenewbusinessinshipping,

tourismandfishing.3.But,industryexperts,researchersandpeopleinthefarnorthsay

therearemanyproblemsinreachingthoserichresources.4.TheNorthwestPassage,

betweentheAtlanticandPacificOceansisoneofthelastunexploredareasoftheplanet.

5.But,thatischangingasmorecompaniesseekbusinesspossibilitiesinthefrozennorth.

ShipsarenowtakingpassengersthroughtheArcticCircle.6.Inadditiontotourism,

shippingcompaniesmaystartusingthepassagetosaveonfuelcosts.7.However,

businessesmaywanttodomorethanmovethroughthearea.8.TheArcticisa14.5

millionsquarekilometerareaaroundtheNorthPole.But,itisnotalliccandocean.It

alsohasamixofplantandanimallife.9.TheU.S.GeologicalSurveyestimatesthatup

to30percentoftheworld'sundiscoveredgasand13percentofitsundiscoveredoilare

insidetheArcticCircle.10.Buitherecouldbeotherresources.11.TheArcticiscertainly

amongthelastfrontierswithrespecttoundiscoveredmineralresources,alongwiththe

deepoceans.12.Asaresult,countriesintheArcticregionaremakingclaimstolandand

resourcesinthearea.支撑细节13.Peoplewhowanttoprotecttheenvironmentare

againstanylargeefforttotakeArcticresources.Theywarnthatthefragileenvironment

couldbeharmedpastrepair.14.Sailingthroughthepassagecutsthetraveldistance

betweenEastAsiaandWesternEuropebymorethan10,000kilometers.Suchtravel

usuallymovesthroughthePanamaCanal.15.Diamonds,uranium,phosphate,nickel,

platinum,lithium,cobaltandpureiron.16.Greenland,Russia,CanadaandtheUSA.

2、Listentothefollowingpassage.WriteinEnglishashortsummaryof150-200words

ofwhatyouhaveheardontheANSWERSHEET.Youwillhearthepassageonlyonce

andthenyouwillhave25minutestofinishyoursummary.Thispartofthetestcarries20

points.Youmayneedtoscribbleafewnotestowriteyoursummary.

标准答案：Ageneticmutationthatallowspeopletofeelfullyrestedwithfewerthansix

hours'sleepanighthasbeenidentified.Researchershavebeenlookingfbrthegene

variantsthatmightberesponsible.Theteamhasfoundthatseveralmutationsmake

peopleneedlesssleep.OneiscalledADRB1,whichallows12membersofafamilyto

sleepaslittleas4.5hourspernightwithoutfeelingtired.AnotherisNPSR1inanother

family,inwhichsomepeoplefeelfullyrestedaftermuchlesssleepthanaverage.Still

anothervariationinNPSR1haspreviouslybeenlinkedtopeoplerequiring20minutes

lesssleepthanaverage.Accordingtotheteam,peoplewhosleeplessbecausetheyhave

oneofthesegenevariantsarehealthyanddon'tappeartosufferanyilleffects.However,

tobeabsolutelysurewouldrequirelong-termstudiesinvolvinglargenumbersofpeople,

becauseintheory,ifthesegenevariantsprovidedabigadvantage,evolutionshouldhave

madethemcommon—yettheyappeartoberare.Butthegoodnewsis,theteamhas

alreadydiscoveredmoresleep-shorteningmutations.(181words)

知识点解析：主干内容1.Ageneticmutationthatallowspeopletofeelfullyrested

withfewerthansixhours,sleepanighthasbeenidentifiedbystudyingafamilywhoget

byonlessthanaverage.2.Itisthesecondsuchfindinginrecentmonths.3.Researchers

havebeenlookingforthegenevariantsthatmightberesponsible,andgenetically

engineeringthesevariantsintomicetoconfirmtheireffect.4.Herteamhasfoundseveral

mutationsmakepeopleneedlesssleep.5.InAugust,Fifsteamreportedthatamutation

inagenecalledADRB1allows12membersofafamilytosleepaslittleas4.5hoursper

nightwithoutfeelingtired.6.NowtheteamhasfoundamutationinagenecalledNPSR1

inanotherfamilyinwhichsomepeoplereportfeelingfullyrestedaftermuchlesssleep

thanaverage.7.NPSR1codesfbraproteinreceptorinthebrainknowntobeinvolvedin

arousalandsleepbehaviour.Whentheteamengineeredthemutationintomice,theyslept

lesswithoutanyobviouseffectonhealthormemory.8.AnothervariationinNPSR1has

previouslybeenlinkedtopeoplerequiring20minuteslesssleepthanaverage,basedon

studiesoftensofthousandsofpeople.9.Onaverage,peopleneed8hourssleepanight.

Inmostpeople,sleepinglessthan6hoursanightresultsinamarkeddeclineincognitive

abilitieswithindays.Ovei,longperiods,sleepdeprivationcancontributetomany

disorders,includingobesity,heartdisease,highbloodpressure,diabetesanddepression.

10.AsfarasFu'steamhasbeenabletotell,however,peoplewhosleeplessbecausethey

haveoneofthesegenevariantsarchealthyanddon'tappeartosufferanyillcffccts.11.

However,tobeabsolutelysurewouldrequirelong-termstudiesinvolvinglargenumbers

ofpeople,whichisn'tfeasible.12.Fusaysherteamhasalreadydiscoveredmoresleep­

shorteningmutations.支撑细节13.Ying-HuiFuattheUniversityofCalifornia,San

Francisco,andhercolleagueshavebeenseekingoutandstudyingfamiliesinwhichsome

peopleseemtoneedlesssleepthannormal.14.Ofthetwomembersofthisfamilywhose

sleephabitstheystudied,oneaveraged5.5hoursanightandtheotherjust4.3hours.15.

Intheory,ifthesegenevariantsprovidedabigadvantage,evolutionshouldhavemade

themcommon-yettheyappeartoberare.Itmightbe,say,thatsleepinglessonly

becameanadvantageafterthedevelopmentoflights.16.Butotheradvantageousgene

variantsthatappearedonlyrecentlyinhumanhistory,suchasthoseallowingadultsto

digestmilk,becamewidespreadveryrapidly.17.Itmightbepossibletodevelopdrugs

thatmimictheeffectsofthesemutations.However,asNPSR1isalsoinvolvedin

processessuchasstress,anxietyandfear,thereisariskofnastysideeffects.

3、Listentothefollowingpassage.WriteinEnglishashortsummaryof150-200words

ofwhatyouhaveheardontheANSWERSHEET.Youwillhearthepassageonlyonce

andthenyouwillhave25minutestofinishyoursummary.Thispartofthetestcarries20

points.Youmayneedtoscribbleafewnotestowriteyoursummary.

标准答案：Givingchildrenmusiclessonswon^justintroducethemtoaworldof

rhythmandmelody—itcouldalsosignificantlyimprovetheirlanguageskills.While

numerousstudieshaveshownthatlearninganinstrumentcanimpactthingslikelanguage

ability,itwasn'tunderstoodifthiswasasideeffectofageneralboosttocognitiveskills,

orsomethingthatdirectlyaffectedlanguageprocessing.Now,wearegettingclosertoan

answer.Researchersrandomlydividedthe4-to5-year-oldMandarin-speakingchildren

intothreegroups.Onegroupreceiveda45-minutcpianolessonthreetimesaweek,while

anotherreceivedextrareadinginstructionclasses.Thethirdgroupactedascontrols,

takingnoextralessonsbeyondtheirusualroutine.Aftersixmonths,theresultscameout.

Thechildrenwhohadtakenpianolessonsperformedsignificantlybetteratdiscriminating

betweenwordsthatdifferbyasingleconsonant,whencomparedagainstthechildren

whotookextrareadinglessons.Comparedtothecontrolgroup,boththemusiclearners

andtheextrareadinggroupdidbetterintermsofdiscriminatingwordsbasedonvowel

differences.(175words)

知识点解析：主干内容1.Givingchildrenmusiclessonswon'tjustintroducethemtoa

worldofrhythmandmelody—itcouldalsosignificantlyimprovetheirlanguageskills.2.

Whilenumerousstudieshaveshownthatlearninganinstrumentcanimpactthingslike

languageability,itwasn'tunderstoodifthiswasasideeffectofageneralboostto

cognitiveskills,orsomethingthatdirectlyaffectedlanguageprocessing.3.Now,weare

gettingclosertoananswer.4.Thechildrendidn'tdifferinthemorebroadcognitive

measures,buttheydidshowsomeimprovementsinworddiscrimination,particularlyfor

consonants.Thepianogroupshowedthebestimprovementthere.5.Thetestresults

showedthatthechildrenwhohadtakenpianolessonsperformedsignificantlybetterat

discriminatingbetweenwordsthatdifferbyasingleconsonant,whencomparedagainst

thechildrenwhotookextiareadinglessons.6.Comparedtothecontrolgroup,boththe

musiclearnersandtheextrareadinggroupdidbetterintermsofdiscriminatingwords

basedonvoweldifferences.支撑2用节7.Forthestudy.Desimone'steam—including

MITscientistsandresearchersfromBeijingNormalUniversity—recruitedchildrenfrom

theChineseeducationsystem,withthesupportofeducationofficialswhowantedtosee

howmusiclearningmightboosttheiracademicresults.8.The4-to5-year-oldMandarin­

speakingchildreninthestudywererandomlydividedintothreegroups.Onegroup

receiveda45-minutepianolessonthreetimesaweek,whileanotherreceivedextra

readinginstructionclasses.Thethirdgroupactedascontrols,takingnoextralessons

beyondtheirusualroutine.9.Theclasseslastedforsixmonths,afterwhichthechildren

weretestedontheirabilitytodiscriminatewordsbasedondifferencesintone,

consonants,orvowels.

4、Listentothefollowingpassage.WriteinEnglishashortsummaryof150-200words

ofwhatyouhaveheardontheANSWERSHEET.Youwillhearthepassageonlyonce

andthenyouwillhave25minutestofinishyoursummary.Thispartofthetestcarries20

points.Youmayneedtoscribbleafewnotestowriteyoursummary.

标准答案：Nutritionratingsystemsandsymbolsonthefrontsoffoodpackagingwould

bemostusefultoshoppersiftheyhighlightedfournutrientsofgreatestconcern一

calories,saturatedfat,transfat,andsodium.Thesefindingsstemfromthecommittee's

reviewofnutritionalcriteriabehindfront-of-packagenutritionratingsystemsand

symbols,partofalargerstudyoftheseinformationaltools.Calorics,saturatedfat,trans

fats,andsodiumpresentthemostseriousdiet-relatedriskstopeople'shealth,andmany

Americansconsumefartoomuchofthesenutrients.AsAmericansgrapplewith

increasingratesofserioushealthproblemsconnectedtotheirdiets,it'simportantthatthe

nutritionalinformationtheyreceiveisclear,consistent,andwell-groundedinnutrition

science.Someorganizationsandnutritionexpertshavecalledfornutritionratingsystems

toalsofocusonthesugarsaddedtosomeproductsduringmanufacturing.Thecommittee

concurredwiththem.Itwillnextreviewresearchonhowconsumersunderstandanduse

differenttypesofnutritionalinformationandissueasecondreportrecommendingways

tooptimizetheusefulnessoffront-of-packagenutritionratingsystemsandsymbols.(176

words)

知识点解析：主干内容1.Nutritionratingsystemsandsymbolsonthefrontsoffood

packagingwouldbemostusefultoshoppersiftheyhighlightedfournutrientsofgreatest

concern-calories,saturatedfat,transfat,andsodium.2.Thesefindingsstemfromthe

committee'sreviewofnutritionalcriteriabehindfront-of-packagcnutritionrating

systemsandsymbols,partofalargerstudyoftheseinformationaltools.3.Calories,

saturatedfat,transfats,andsodiumpresentthemostseriousdiet-relatedriskstopeople's

health,andmanyAmericansconsumefartoomuchofihcscnutrients.4.AsAmericans

grapplewithincreasingratesofserioushealthproblemsconnectedtotheirdiets,it's

importantthatthenutritionalinformationtheyreceiveisclear,consistent,andwell-

groundedinnutritionscience.5.Someorganizationsandnutritionexpertshavecalledfor

nutritionratingsystemstoalsofocusonthesugarsaddedtosomeproductsduring

manufacturing.6.Thecommitteeconcurredthatbothaddedandnaturallyoccurring

sugarscontributetothecaloriccontentoffoodsandbeveragesandover-consumptionof

high-calorieproductscanleadtoobesity.Highlightingcaloriesperservinginnutrition

ratingsystemswouldaddressthisconcern.7.Thecommitteewillnextreviewresearchon

howconsumersunderstandandusedifferenttypesofnutritionalinformationandissuea

secondreportrecommendingwaystooptimizetheusefulnessoffront-of-package

nutritionratingsystemsandsymbols.8.Thisreportwillalsoincludethecommittee's

assessmentoftheprosandconsofhavingasingle,standardizedfront-labelfood

guidancesystemthatisregulatedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration.支撑细节9.

Thesefoodcomponentsareroutinelyover-consumedandassociatedmoststronglywith

diet-relatedhealthproblemsaffectingmanyAmericans,includingobesity,heartdisease,

highbloodpressure,Type2diabetes,andcertaintypesofcancer.10.Giventhelimited

spaceonpackagefrontsandtheinformationalreadyavailableintheNutritionFactspanel

onthebacksofallproducts,itwouldnotbecrucialfortheseratingsystemsandsymbols

tofocusonothercomponents,suchascholesterol,fiber,addedsugars,orvitamins.11.A

multitudeofnutritionrating,orguidance,systemshavebeendevelopedbyfood

manufacturers,governmentagencies,nutritiongroups,andothersinrecentyearswiththe

intentofhelpingconsumersquicklycompareproducts'nutritionalattributesandmake

healthierchoices.12.Ratingsaretypicallycommunicatedtoshoppersthroughsymbols

placedprominentlyonfoodpackaging,usuallyonthefront,oronretailshelftags.13.

UnliketheNutritionFactspanel,theseratingsystemsandsymbolsarcunregulated,and

differentsystemsfocusondifferentnutrients.Thevariationmayconfuseconsumers,and

questionshavebeenraisedaboutthesystems5underlyingnutritionalcriteria.

5、Listentothefollowingpassage.WriteinEnglishashortsummaryof150-200words

ofwhatyouhaveheardontheANSWERSHEET.Youwillhearthepassageonlyonce

andthenyouwillhave25minutestofinishyoursummary.Thispartofthetestcarries20

points.Youmayneedtoscribbleafewnotestowriteyoursummary.

标准答案：Atleast1,000staffatCambridgeUniversityareearningbelowthe"living

wage",unionsclaim,around20timeslessthantheannualpackageofthevice-chancellor.

TheNationalUnionofStudentspublishedthefiguresasitlaunchedajointcampaign

today——alongsideUnison——tohighlightthestarkpaydifferentialsinBritishhigher

education.Theyarelobbyingforallcolleges,universitiesandstudentunionstopaya

"livingwage"forallstaff.Andtheyhavepledgedtopublishfigures"namingand

shaming"thoseuniversitiesthatpaylargenumbersofstaffbelowtheminimumwage.

Clearly,thereisaninherentinjusticeintheaveragevice-chancellorgettingpaidmore

than17-timesmorethanaminimumwageemployeeontheircampus.Collegesand

universitiesareacommunityandeveryonewithinthatcommunityneedstobetreated

withdignity.Nowemployersatcollegesanduniversitieshavesixmonthstogettheir

houseinorderbeforetheUnionnamesandshamesthosethatallowsuchshocking

disparitiestocontinue.(163words)

知识点解析：主干内容1.Atleast1,000staffatCambridgeUniversityareearning

belowthe"livingwage1',unionsclaim,around20tim