《中华文明的起源》教学设计

《中华文明的起源》教学设计（TeachingdesignoftheoriginofChinesecivilization）TeachingdesignoftheoriginofChinesecivilizationI.teachingobjectives1.knowledgeandabilityToguidestudentstounderstandtheYanEmperor,theYellowEmperoristhelegendoftheChinesenationandancestor,understandthe"demise"and"theKingYucombatingthefloodstory".Toguidestudentstomakeapreliminarycomparisonofancientlegendsandhistoricalfacts,andmakeasummaryjudgementandinterpretation.2.processesandmethodsToguidestudentstocollectrelevantinformation,organizethestudentstotellthestory,talkaboutexperience,understandthesetales,whichhasthehistoricalfactsofcomposition,whichisvirtual,reflectingthedawnofcivilizationeraoflegends.Howtocultivatethestudents'inquirylearningmethod.3.emotions,attitudesandvaluesIntheprocessoflearning,weshouldguidestudentstounderstandthemeaningof"wearealldescendantsoftheChinesepeople"andcultivatestudents'patriotismandnationalidentity.Inthe"people-orientedcultureofYaoandShun"study,thevirtueofmerit.Throughthe"KingYucombatingtheflood"learning,cultivateastrongwillandspiritofdedication,andtheawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.Two,teachingkeypointsanddifficultiesKeypoints:makestudentsrealizethatYanDiHuangDiisthecommonancestoroftheChinesenation,andcultivatetheirsenseofnationalidentityandpatrioticfeelings.Difficulty:distinguishinghistoricalfactsfromlegends.Three,teachingprocessIntroducingnewlessons:[teacher]:sometimeagoespeciallypopularwearSatincostume,knowwhatisSatinwoven?[raw]:silk.[teacher]andwhoknowshowsilkcamefrom?[born]:cocoon.[teacher]:didanyofmyclassmateseverseesilkwormsraisingsilkworms?Knowwhoinventedthesilkwormsilk?InthelegendofHuangDi'swifeLeizuinventedthesilkwormsilktechnology,isitreally?Let'stakethisquestiontothe3lesson:thedawnofthelegendarycivilization.(blackboardwriting)Teachnewlessons:[teacher]:doyouknowwhatistheageoflegend?[reading]answerPreliterate,historyismainlythroughwordofmouthpeoplemythsandlegendspreservedandhandeddown.Arethereanydifferencesbetweenmythandlegend?Whatistherelationshipbetweenmythsandlegendsandhistoricalfacts(historicaltruth)?(theteacheristalkingandwritingontheblackboard)let'sputtheproblemherefirstandcomebacklater.[teacher]:whatdothestudentsknowaboutthemythsofancientChineseinhabitants?[reflection]Thestudentsspeakthreemyths:Pangu,NuWamadepeopleButian,thecreationoftheworld,inpursuitofthesun,HouYishotadoggeddetermination.(thelatterthreeareoptional.)[division]isheavenandearthreallyopenedupbyPangu?AretheyreallymadebyNuWa?Whatistheoriginoftheuniverse,theearth,andthehumanrace?Thestudentreplied,"theteachersummedup:forthousandsofyears,scientistshavebeenexploringwhenandhowtheuniversecameintobeing.".Tothisday,scientistswereconvincedthattheuniversewasformedbyabigexplosionabout15billionyearsago.Thebigbangthatmaterialscatteredout,expandingspace,temperaturealsodecreased,whenthetemperaturedroppedtoafewthousanddegrees,theuniverseismainlygaseoussubstances,thegasgraduallycondensedintoQiyun,furthertheformationofavarietyofstarsystems.Theearthiscondensedfromnebulae.Humanbeingsevolvedfromapes.[teacher]dothesemythscomefromnothing?Canitreflecttheproductionandlivingconditionsofancientinhabitantsandtheircertainaspirationsandspirits?Studentsdiscussandanswer,theteachersummedup:Panguusedhischiselandaxsplittheworld,whichshowsthatourancestorslongagobelievedthathumanpowerisgreat,Ibelievethatlaborcancreatetheworld.ThestoryofNuWareflectsastageofhumanhistoricaldevelopment,namely,matriarchalclancommunestage,andwomenoccupyadominantpositioninproductionandlife.Inpursuitofthesun,HouYishotthedoggeddetermination,thestoryreflectstheancientpeople'snaturaldesiretoconquer.Throughthesefairytales,wecanimaginethatthedifficultlifeofthepeopleatthattimewasduetothelowdegreeofpeople'sunderstandingofnatureandthetransformationofnature,Therefore,wecanconquernatureanddominatenaturebymeansofimagination.Justnowwehaveanalyzedseveralfairytales,andthenwewilltakealookatthelegendofYanDiandHuangdi.(blackboardwriting)[teacher]:inlegend,whatdidYanDiinvent?WhatelsedidHuangDiinvent?[reading]answerPleasereadthe"ShennongJiaojiamap",alsoknownasthelegendofEmperorYanShennong,heisthefirstpersonborncattle,whenhehasjustbecomethechiefofthepeoplelivedbyhuntingprey,hiteveryonewithameal,oronlygohungry.Peoplethinkofthefuturelife,YanChoudesleeplessnightsday.Later,aftercarefulobservation,hefoundthenatureoftheplantgrowthregularityofcertain,hethought,ifwecandistinguishthefruittoeat,whatcannoteatfruit,fruitcollectedwhocaneat,springthemintotheground,thefallwillbearfruit.Inthisway,theproblemofhumansurvivalisnotsolved?HehavetastedBaicaotrampovermountainsandthroughravines.Itissaidthatinthecourseoftastingherbsandfixinggrains,hesometimespoisonedhimselfseventytimesaday,andfinallyheknewwhattoeat.LegendofEmperorYanfirstteachpeopletochoosethelandfertile,dampness,highandlow,teachpeopletoobservetheclimate,choosethegraincategory,andmakingGengjiatools.Therefore,latergenerationscalledYanEmperorthefounderofChineseprimitiveagriculture.[teacher]isagriculturereallyinventedbyYanDi?So,isthereanyrealingredientinthislegend?Students,combinedwiththe"primitiveagriculture"wementionedearlier,thinkaboutit.Thestudentreplies,"theteachersummedup:"theinventionofagriculturehasindeedgonethroughsuchaprocessoflegend,theoriginalagricultureisreallycollectedfromthedevelopment.Itispreciselybecausepeoplehavediscoveredthegrowthlawofsomeplantsinthelongperiodofproductionandlife,andcultivatedtheseplantsneartheresidence,andthentheprimitiveagricultureappeared.Anyinventionorimprovementinancienttimeswastheresultofcountlesshumanexperiencesandlongyearsoftrialanderror.Butbecausetheexactsituationcannottest,whentheyrecalledlaterinthehistoryofthetotalloveinventionsoutstandinginbetweenthemwillfocuson.Forexample,HuangDi,afterhebecameafamousmonarchemperor,allisthestorysurroundingitslaunch,allobjectsoftheinventionarerighttobelongtohimandhisliegeman.Nowlet'sgobacktothequestionjustnow.What'sthedifferencebetweenmythsandlegends,mythsandlegends,andhistoricalfacts?Thestudentreplies,"theteachersumsup:mythisthefictionofancientinhabitantsaccordingtotheirownimaginationofnaturalthings,includinghumanbeingsthemselves.".Itmustbepointedoutthatthemythofthecontentisnottheancestorsofpureconsciousnessofmentalactivity,butthereflectionofobjectiverealityandlifepracticeintheirminds,andlegendsmostlyinrealhistoryasthematerial,isnotentirelyfictitious.Atordinarytimesweputtogethermythsandlegends,butnotsoclearly.Mythsandlegendsarenotentirelyseparatefromhistoricalfacts,buthavesomeconnections.Ontheonehand,lovethingsishumannature,futuregenerationsinthenarrativeincludesthings,alwaysunconsciouslybedecoratedwithexaggeratedmythsandlegendsbythepeopleheardthewordofmouth,thelongerthemorepronetodistortion.Ontheotherhand,mythsandlegendscontainrealhistory,andarchaeologicalresultsprovideevidencefortheauthenticityoftheselegends.(studentsread13pagesoffineprint)whenweusethemyth,itmustbeanalyzedtoquweicunzhen.Weoftensaythatweare"descendantsoftheYellowEmperor",andweallfeelveryproudandproudtosaythat.Well,doyouknowhowthisnamecamefrom?WhywouldtheemperorYanhuangtwowasenshrinedastheancestorofChinesenation?(studentsthinkandanswer)YanhuangtwoDilifromstruggletounite,thistellsus:theformationprocessoftheChinesenationisadynamicprocess,throughlong-termandfinallytendstokillforjoint.[usually]besidessayingthatweareChinesepeople,weoftensay,"wearethedescendantsofthedragon."".Someonewroteasongcalled"thedescendantsofthedragon",whichsweptthewholecountry.Thestudentsknowhowthedragon'simageisformed(see"shellDuisuthedragonandtiger"andaprojectionmaterial"Mr.WenYiduoontheChinesedragongraphicssaidaword:"dragonwhatiswhat?Ouransweris:it'satotem,andit'savirtualcreaturethatexistsonlyintotems,notinthelivingworld,becauseitisacomplexofmanydifferentTotemsThestudentreplied,"thedragonisafusionofmanytribaltotems,whichreflectstheprocessoftheformationoftheChineserace:thedifferenttribesmovedfromwartounity,andthusformedthemainbodyoftheChinesenation.".ByYan,thelegendoftheYellowEmperor,wecanunderstand,intheperiodoftheYellowEmperor,theChinesenationhasformed.(blackboardwriting)Nextwelookatthe"demise"ofthelegendofYaoandshun.(writing)askthestudentstolookatthehistoryofYaoandshun.(beforeclass,astudentplays"Yao",astudentplays"Shun",andthreestudentsactastriballeaders.)[teacher]:whilelooking,think,"whydoesShunbecometheheadofthetribalalliance?"HowdidShunobtainthepositionoftheheadoftheLeagueoftribes?Thestudentreplies,"theteachersummedupYao'spositionasaleaderofthetribealliancethroughthelongwarofkilling.".ButfromthebeginningofYao,thepositionoftheleaderwasgentle,democraticallyelectedatthemeetingofthetribalalliance.Theleaderofthetribealliancebyelected,laterknownasthe"demise",thisisameritbasedsystem.ShunandYu's"chanrang"systemgeneratedundertheheadofthetribalalliance.FromYaoandShun"demise"legend,wecanseethatatthetimehasbeenthecountry'sburgeoning.(blackboardwriting)[teacher]whycanYubechosenastheheadofthetribalalliance?Hesucceededbecauseofhiswatercontrol.(writing)(studentsspeakthestoryofteacherssupplementKingYucombatingtheflood,.)[teacher]:"KingYucombatingtheflood"isagreatachievementforthebenefitofallthechildrenoftheYellowEmperor,madeagreatcontributiontotheChinesenation.Youcangetwhatinspirationfromthe"KingYucombatingtheflood"?Thestudentsdiscussingroups,andtheteachersinspirestudentstothinkinthefollowingways:(1)whatmethoddidYufathertaketocontrolthewater?(jam)what'stheresult?("nineyearsisnotgood")whatmethoddoesYuusetocontrolthewater?(persuasion)what'stheresult?(success)whatcanyoulearnfromthis?(2)Yuwasoutsidetheriverfor13years,threethroughthedoor,andfinallysucceeded.Ifhegaveuphalfway,canthewatercontrolsucceed?Whatinspirationcanyougetfromthis?(3)t