2023年北京高考英语卷带参考答案

2023年北京高考英语卷带参考答案

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节供15分）

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出

最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Iwasalwaystimid（羞怯的）.Beingnewtotheschoolmademeeven

1,soitwassurprisingI'd2toanyonearoundme.NowI

waspayingtheprice-towriteafive-pageessayon“WhyIShouldNot

TalkinClass".Thatwouldtakeallnight!

AfterIgothome,though.Itookmytimepettingthecat-

postponingthepain.

WhenIfinallysatdownto3,IbeganwiththereasonsMs

Blackwouldwanttohear.

Talkingkeptmeandmyneighboursfrom4.Oneparagraph

down;nowwhat?Ichewedonmypencil.Aha!Whatiftalkingwerethe

firststeptowardshfeasacriminal?WithouttheeducationIwas

throwingaway,Tdturntotheftandgotoprison.WhenIgotout,people

wouldsay,“Sheusedtotalkinclass."Thepagesbegan5.

Butwhenmumgothomefromwork,Iwasstill6,"Fivepages!

Thatsimpossible!"

"Well,youfdbettergetbacktowork,"shesaid,"andIwanttoread

itwhenyou'rethrough//

Soonafterdinner,Ihandedtheessaytomum.Ihalfexpected

a7-atleastan"Ihopeyou*velearnedyourlessonr/.8,

mumlaughedandlaughedassheread.

Thenextday,whenMsBlackreadtheessaytotheclass,everyone

laughed.Icould9theyweren;tmakingfunofme:theylaughed

becauseIhadthepowertotellafunnystory.My10stillneeded

somenudging（激发）,butIdidlearnIwasn*tshyinprint.

1.A.freerB.shyerC.calmerD.happier

2.A.nodB.pointC.listenD.chat

3.A.weepB.restC.writeD.read

4.A.learningB.playingC.planningD.laughing

5.A.standingoutB.flyingbyC.breakingupD.checkingin

6.A.celebratingB.longingC.complainingD.warning

7.A.lectureB.reasonC.rewardD.solution

8.A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.MeanwhileD.Instead

9.A.hopeB.imagineC.tellD.predict

10.A.patienceB.confidenceC.toleranceD.independence

第二节（共15分）

A

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当

的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Everycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules,suchasoneson

punctuality(守时).I'mBritish.SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I

11(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprised

whenall30guestsshowedup12___(exact)ontime.Yearslater,

havingmovedtoFrance.Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,

onlytofindthatnootherguest13(arrive)andmyhostesswasstill

inhersleepingsuit.

B

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当

的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Mangroves,knownas"redforest"inChina,growbetweenlandand

sea,characterisedbytheircomplexroots.When14(see)fromafar,

themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.

Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect15(city)from

coastalwinds.Forthesereasons,theyarepraisedas"coastalguardians”.

Uptonow,China16(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswith

mangroves.

C

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当

的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshavea

guidingpurpose:tocallattention17___globalwaterissues.Nina

recentlyfinishedheryear-longseriesofrunsinChicago,18

thousandswereattendingawaterconference.Shecalledforaction

19___(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld

20(face)"toolittlewaterortoodirtywater".Hereffortshave

encouragedotherstotakepartbyrunningthroughaglobalcampaign

called"RunBlue".

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共28分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，

选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

TheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)YoungLeaders

programmeempowerstalentstomakeapositivedifferenceintheir

communitiesthroughsport.Twenty-fiveYoungLeadersarebeing

selectedeverytwoyearsforafour-yearperiod.Theypromotethe

Olympicvalues,spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.

TobeanIOCYoungLeader,youneedtofirstcompletethe4-Week

LearningSprint(冲刺).

4-WeekLearningSprint

The4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember

2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.Thesessionscanbeattendedlive

orwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.Each

week,participantswillbeaskedtocompleteatopic-specificreflection

task.

The4-WeekLearningSprintisopentoanyone,withthetarget

audienceagedbetween20and28.

Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwill

needtosubmitaplanforasport-basedproject,whichyouwillworkon

ifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.

RequirementsfortheApplicants

?Youhavesuccessfullycompletedthe4-WeekLearningSprint.

?Youhavecompletedyourhighschoolstudies.

?Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.

?Youhavestrongpublicspeakingskills.

?Youareself-motivatedandcommitted.

?Youarepassionateaboutcreatingpositivechangeinyour

community.

?Youareopentobeingcoachedandadvisedbyexpertsandpeers

（同伴）.

?Youareabletoworkwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.

21.Inthe4-WeekLearningSprint,participantswill.

A.createchangeintheircommunityB.attendavirtuallearning

programme

C.meetpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsD.promotetheIOC

YoungLeadersproject

22.IfselectedasanIOCYoungLeader,onewillneedto.

A.completeareflectiontaskeachweekB.watchsportsontheIOC

channel

C.workonasport-basedprojectD.coachandadvisetheirpeers

23.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?

A.Spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.B.Havingatleast

one-yearworkexperience.

C#FormatImgID_l#Showinggreatpassionforprojectplanning.D.

Committingthemselvestobecominganexpert.

Sittinginthegardenformyfriend1sbirthday.Ifeltabuzz（振动）in

mypocket.MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender1sname.The

emailstartedoff:"DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest"and"the

reviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected.//Itendedwith“Wearesorry

toinformyou...”andmyvisionblurred（模糊）.Theposition—measuring

soilqualityintheSaharaDesertaspartofanundergraduateresearch

programme—hadfeltliketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingfor.

Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying,andI

thoughttherejectionmeanttheendoftheroadformysciencecareer.

SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMary

Devon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,invitedmetoobservethe

workbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslater

Iwasequallyshocked—andoverjoyed—whensheinvitedmetotalkwith

heraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatshe

proposeddidn'tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,

butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.

Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesfor

collectingdatafromthedesertremotely.Thatproject,whichIcould

completefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,not

onlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidnz

t.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.

WhenIappliedtograduateschool,Ifoundthreeprogrammes

promisingtoallowmetofollowmydesiredresearchdirection.And1

appliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.WhenIwasrejected

fromonethathadseemedlikeaperfectfit,itwasundoubtedlydifficult.

ButthistimeIhadtheperspective（视角）tokeepitfromsendingmeinto

panic.IthelpedthatintheendIwasacceptedintooneoftheother

programmesIwasalsoexcitedabout.

Ratherthansettingplansinstone,fvelearnedthatsometimesI

needtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon'tsound

perfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.

24.Howdidtheauthorfeeluponseeingtheemailsender'sname?

A.Anxious.B.Angry.C.Surprised.D.Settled.

25.AftertalkingwithProfessorDevon,theauthordecidedto.

A.criticisethereviewprocessB.staylongerintheSaharaDesert

C.applytotheoriginalprojectagainD.puthisheartandsoulinto

thelabwork

26.Accordingtotheauthor,theprojectwiththeroboticsprofessor

was.

A.demandingB.inspiringC.misleadingD.amusing

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Aninvitationisareputation.B.Aninnovationisaresolution.

C.Arejectioncanbearedirection.D.Areflectioncanbearestriction.

Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthat

short-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.

Theinabilitytoengagewithlonger-termcausesandconsequencesleads

tosomeoftheworld1smostseriousproblems:climatechange,

biodiversitycollapse,andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthat

theWesthasenteredaperiodwhere"onlythepresentexists,apresent

characterisedatoncebythecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomof

anunendingnowz,.

Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias（偏向）towardsthepresent,

focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth,

well-beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.In

business,thisbiassurfacesasshort-sighteddecisions.Andon

slow-burningproblemslikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintothe

unwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices（牺牛生）todaythatcouldmakea

majordifferencetomorrow.Instead,allthatmattersisnextquarter,s

profit,orsatisfyingsomeothernear-termdesires.

Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.It

isfairtosay,though,thatourpsychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.

People'shesitancytodelaysatisfactionisthemostobviousexample,but

thereareothers.Oneofthemisabouthowthemostaccessible

informationinthepresentaffectsdecisionsaboutthefuture.For

instance,youmighthearsomeonesay:"It'scoldthiswinter,soIneedn'

tworryaboutglobalwarming.MAnotheristhatloudandurgentmatters

aregiventoomuchimportance,makingpeopleignorelonger-term

trendsthatarguablymattermore.Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmore

attentionthan,say,gradualbiodiversitydecline.

Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens（夕卜星人）wantedtoweaken

humanity,theywouldn*tsendships;theywouldinventclimatechange.

Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecan

developaformofcollective"poormemoryz,andeachnewgeneration

canbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutofthe

ordinary.Olderpeopletoday,forexample,canrememberatimewith

insect-coveredcarwindscreensafterlongdrives.Children,ontheother

hand,havenoideathatinsectpopulationhasdroppeddramatically.

28.TheauthorquotesFrancisColemainlyto.

A.drawacomparison

B.introduceatopic

C.evaluateastatement

D.highlightaproblem

29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A#FormatImgID_2#Climatechangehasbeenforgotten.

B.Lessonsofhistoryarehighlyvalued.

C.Thehumanmindisbadatnotingslowchange.

D.Humansareunwillingtoadmittheirshortcomings.

30.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?

A.Far-sightedthinkingmatterstohumans.

B.Humanstendtomakelong-termsacrifices.

C.Currentpoliciesfacilitatefuturedecision-making.

D.Biastowardsthepresenthelpsreducenear-termdesires.

Whatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbut

difficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflife

andit'schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldof

artificiallife-calledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospell

outlife'sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-called

ALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreally

understandwhatlifeis.

Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.Thistrackrecord

makesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield's

doubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredof

suchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint"ofALifemightbe,well,

missingthepointentirely,hesays."Theexistenceofalivingsystemis

notabouttheuseofanything."Alansays."Somepeopleaskme,'So

whatzstheworthofartificiallife?*Doyoueverthink,'Whatistheworth

ofyourgrandmother?1"

AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch*s

applications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepractical

payoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife'scousininthat

researchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-ended

evolution（演化）.Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreateessentially

endlesscomplexity,tobeasortof"noveltygenerator".Theonlysystem

knowntoexhibitthisisEarth'sbiosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagesto

reproducelife'sendless"creativity"insomevirtualmodel,thosesame

principlescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.

ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAl,advancesinALifeareharder

torecognize.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentral

concept—lifeitself—isundefined.Thelackofagreementamong

ALifersdoesn,thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthat

eachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrors

theverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled（混乱的）progressionisastriking

parallel（平彳亍线）totheevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarth

biosphere.

Undefinedanduncontrolled#FormatImgID_3#ALifedrivesits

followerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratednovelty.Itmaybe,of

course,thatthesecharacteristicsaren/tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.

Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemay

benothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething:perhaps,

justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillprove

unavoidable.

31.RegardingAlanSmith1sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.

A.supportiveB.puzzledC.unconcernedD.doubtful

32.Whatdoestheword"enamored"underlinedinParagraph3

mostprobablymean?

A#FormatImgID_4#Shocked.B.Protected.C.Attracted.D.

Challenged.

33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture.B.ALifeandAIsharea

commonfeature.

C.AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife.D.AIspeedsuptheprocess

ofhumanevolution.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?

B.LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?

C.LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?

D.LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?

第二节（共10分）根据短文内容从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的

最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

It'sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesfor

studentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattend

college.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.

—35―

WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they'reoften

surprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.36

Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,

onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-ranked

universities.37Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromthe

rankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingand

studentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportant

predictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.

Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedon

teachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon,tviewteaching

excellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment（注册）orfunding.38

Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,the

lowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult?Manyinstructorscontinuetoteach

usingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.

39Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswith

high-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankings

andincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisations

thatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,

corepartofthemission.

Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrong

considerationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,even

thoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.

A.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.

B.Therefore,it'snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.

C.Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.

D.However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityof

teaching.

E.Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecently

emerged.

F.They*reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedby

universities.

G.Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtoother

rankingfactors.

第三部分书面表达（共两节,32分）

第一节(共4题;第(1)、(2)题各2分，第⑶题3分，第(4)题5分，共12分)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Habitformationistheprocessbywhichbehavioursbecome

automatic.Peopledevelopcountlesshabitsastheyexploretheworld,

whethertheyareawareofthemornot.Understandinghowhabitstake

shapemaybehelpfulinchangingbadhabits.

Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.Apersonisthought

todevelopahabitinthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningto

associatecertaincues（刺激）withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeet

thegoal.Overtime,thoughtsofthebehaviourandultimatelythe

behaviouritselfarelikelytobetriggered（触发）bythesecues.

A“habitloop（环）“isawayofdescribingseveralrelatedelements

thatproducehabits.Theseelementsarecalledthecue,theroutine,and

thereward.Forexample,stresscouldserveasacuethatonerespondsto

byeating,whichproducesthereward-thereductionofstress.Whilea

routineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,it'snotnecessarilyperformedin

responsetoadeep-rootedurge,asahabitis.

Oldhabitscanbedifficulttoshake,andhealthyhabitsareoften

hardertodevelop.Butthroughrepetition,ifspossibletoformnew

habits.Theamountoftimeneededtobuildahabitwilldependon

multiplefactors,includingtheindividualandtheintendedbehaviour.

Whileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmany

monthstobuildahealthyhabit.Takesometimetothinkaboutwhat

leadstobadhabitsandre-evaluatewhatyougetoutofthem(ordon'

t).Considerandkeepinmindwhyyouwanttomakeachange,including

howthechangereflectsyourvalues.

40.Howarehabitsbuilt?

41.Inwhatwayisaroutinedifferentfromahabit?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,then

underlineitandexplainwhy.

Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthy

habittakesashortertime.

43.Whatbenefit(s)haveyougotfromoneofyourgoodhabits?(In

about40words)

第二节（20分）

44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以〃绿

色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复,

内容包括：

Q）活动形式；

（2）活动内容。

注意：⑴词数100左右;

（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

DearJim,

Yours,

LiHua

2023年北京市高考英语试卷参考答案

第TB