2026年天津市北师大版高中英语必修第二册第12单元词汇练习

2026年天津市北师大版高中英语必修第二册第12单元词汇练习一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Theunitfocusesonthethemeofenvironmentalprotection,introducingkeyvocabularysuchas"sustainabledevelopment,""carbonfootprint,"and"renewableenergy."Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheconceptofusingresourcesinawaythatmeetscurrentneedswithoutharmingfuturegenerations?A.EnvironmentalpollutionB.SustainabledevelopmentC.GlobalwarmingD.Naturaldisaster2.Inthereadingpassage,alocalcommunitysuccessfullyimplementedaprogramtoreduceplasticwaste.Whichofthesesentencesbestreflectsthemainideaofthepassage?A."Manypeoplebelievethatrecyclingistheonlysolutiontopollution."B."Thegovernmentshouldbanallsingle-useplasticsimmediately."C."AsmalltowninCanadareduceditsplasticwasteby80%inoneyear."D."Plasticbottlesaremoreharmfulthanglassbottles."3.Theunitemphasizestheimportanceof"conservation"inprotectingwildlife.Whichofthefollowingscenariosbestillustratestheconceptofconservation?A.Atouristtakingphotosofanimalsintheirnaturalhabitat.B.Afarmerclearingaforesttogrowcrops.C.Ascientiststudyingendangeredspeciesinalab.D.Ahunterkillinganimalsfortheirfur.4.Thevocabularylistincludestheword"biodegradable,"whichmeanssomethingthatbreaksdownnaturallyovertime.WhichofthefollowingitemsisNOTbiodegradable?A.ApaperbagB.AplasticbottleC.AglassjarD.Acottont-shirt5.Theunitdiscussestheimpactof"deforestation"onecosystems.Whichofthesesentencesprovidesthebestexplanationofdeforestation?A."Treesarebeingcutdowntomakepaper."B."Rainforestsaregrowingfasterthanever."C."Forestsareexpandingduetoclimatechange."D."Alltreesintheworldareprotectedbylaw."6.Thereadingpassagementions"greenhousegases,"whichcontributetoglobalwarming.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesproducesthemostgreenhousegases?A.Usingabicyclefortransportation.B.Burningfossilfuelsforelectricity.C.Plantingtreesinapark.D.Eatingavegetariandiet.7.Theunitintroducestheconceptof"carbonoffsetting,"whichinvolvesactionstocompensateforcarbonemissions.Whichofthesesentencesbestdescribescarbonoffsetting?A."Drivingacaremitsmorecarbonthanwalking."B."Plantingtreescanhelpabsorbcarbonfromtheatmosphere."C."Carbonoffsetsareunnecessarybecausetheydon’treallywork."D."Governmentsshouldnottaxcarbonemissions."8.Thevocabularylistincludestheword"pollution,"whichreferstoharmfulsubstancesintheenvironment.WhichoftheseisNOTatypeofpollution?A.AirpollutionB.WaterpollutionC.NoisepollutionD.Soilenrichment9.Theunithighlightstheroleof"renewableenergy"inreducingenvironmentalimpact.WhichoftheseenergysourcesisNOTrenewable?A.SolarenergyB.WindenergyC.CoalenergyD.Hydroelectricenergy10.Thereadingpassageincludesadebateaboutwhetherindividualactionscanmakeadifferenceinenvironmentalprotection.Whichofthesestatementsbestreflectsthepassage’smainargument?A."Individualeffortsareuselessbecauselargecorporationscontrolmostpollution."B."Peopleshouldfocusonlyongovernmentpoliciestosolveenvironmentalproblems."C."Smallactionslikerecyclingandconservingenergycanhaveasignificantimpact."D."Environmentalissuesaretoocomplexforindividualstoaddress."二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Theunitemphasizestheneedfor_______developmenttobalanceeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalprotection.2.A_______isthetotalamountofgreenhousegasesproducedbyanindividual,organization,orproduct.3.Thelocalcommunity’sprogramtoreduceplasticwasteisanexampleof_______efforts.4._______referstotheprotectionofnaturalhabitatsandwildlife.5.Itemslikeplasticbottlesandaluminumcansare_______becausetheybreakdownquicklyintheenvironment.6.Thedestructionofforestsforagricultureisamajorcauseof_______.7._______gases,suchascarbondioxideandmethane,trapheatintheEarth’satmosphere.8.Theconceptof_______involvesplantingtreesorinvestinginrenewableenergytobalanceoutcarbonemissions.9._______pollutionoccurswhenharmfulchemicalsarereleasedintotheair.10.Energysourceslikesolarandwindareexamplesof_______energybecausetheyarereplenishednaturally.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Sustainabledevelopmentmeansusingresourcesinawaythatharmscurrentgenerationsbutbenefitsfutureones.(False)2.Recyclingplasticbottlescansignificantlyreducetheamountofwastesenttolandfills.(True)3.Deforestationhasnoimpactonglobalclimatepatterns.(False)4.Biodegradablematerialsarealwaysharmfultotheenvironment.(False)5.GreenhousegaseshelpkeeptheEarthwarmbytrappingheat.(True)6.Carbonoffsettingisanineffectivewaytoreduceenvironmentalimpact.(False)7.Waterpollutioniscausedbychemicalsintheair.(False)8.Renewableenergysourcesaremoreexpensivethanfossilfuels.(False)9.Individualactions,suchasusingreusablebags,cannotmakeadifferenceinenvironmentalprotection.(False)10.Soilenrichmentisatypeofpollution.(False)四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"sustainabledevelopment"and"environmentalpollution."2.Describehow"biodegradable"materialsbenefittheenvironment.3.Whyis"deforestation"amajorconcernforscientists?4.Whatare"greenhousegases,"andhowdotheycontributetoglobalwarming?5.Howcan"carbonoffsetting"helpreducetheoverallcarbonfootprintofacompany?6.Discusstheimportanceof"renewableenergy"inaddressingclimatechange.7.Whatis"pollution,"andhowdoesitaffectecosystems?8.Whyisitimportantforindividualstotakeactionagainstenvironmentalproblems?五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Imagineyouarepartofaschoolclubfocusedonenvironmentalprotection.Writeashortparagraph(50words)suggestingthreeactionstheclubcouldtaketoreduceplasticwasteoncampus.2.Alocalfactoryemitsalargeamountofgreenhousegases.Describetwowaysthefactorycouldreduceitscarbonfootprint,andexplainwhytheseactionsareeffective.3.Youareplanningaschoolevent.Listthreeeco-friendlychoicesyoucouldmaketominimizeenvironmentalimpact(e.g.,usingreusableplates,encouragingcarpooling).4.Explainhow"biodegradable"packagingcanhelpreducewastecomparedtotraditionalplasticpackaging.5.Describeareal-worldexampleof"carbonoffsetting"(e.g.,acompanyplantingtreestobalanceoutitsemissions).6.Whyis"renewableenergy"consideredabetterlong-termsolutionthanfossilfuels?7.Writeashortparagraph(60words)explaininghow"deforestation"affectswildlifeandwhatcanbedonetoprotectforests.8.Imagineyouarewritingapersuasivelettertoyourlocalgovernmentabouttheimportanceof"sustainabledevelopment."Whatkeypointswouldyouincludeinyourletter?【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.B.Sustainabledevelopment-Explanation:Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmentalignswiththeunit’sfocusonbalancingcurrentneedswithfuturepreservation.OptionsA,C,andDareunrelatedtosustainablepractices.2.C.AsmalltowninCanadareduceditsplasticwasteby80%inoneyear.-Explanation:Thissentencedirectlyreflectsthepassage’smainideaaboutsuccessfulcommunityaction.OptionsA,B,andDareeitheropinionsorunrelatedfacts.3.A.Atouristtakingphotosofanimalsintheirnaturalhabitat.-Explanation:Thisscenarioillustratesconservationbypromotingwildlifeobservationwithoutharm.OptionsB,C,andDinvolveharmfulornon-conservationactivities.4.B.Aplasticbottle-Explanation:Plasticbottlesarenotbiodegradableandpersistintheenvironmentforhundredsofyears.OptionsA,C,andDarebiodegradable.5.A."Treesarebeingcutdowntomakepaper."-Explanation:Thissentencedirectlyexplainsdeforestationastheremovaloftrees.OptionsB,C,andDdescribeforestgrowthorprotection.6.B.Burningfossilfuelsforelectricity.-Explanation:Thisactivityreleaseslargeamountsofgreenhousegases.OptionsA,C,andDinvolvelowerornogreenhousegasemissions.7.B.Plantingtreescanhelpabsorbcarbonfromtheatmosphere.-Explanation:Thisdescribescarbonoffsettingbybalancingemissions.OptionsA,C,andDareincorrectorirrelevant.8.D.Soilenrichmentisatypeofpollution.-Explanation:Soilenrichmentimprovessoilquality,unlikepollution.OptionsA,B,andCaretypesofpollution.9.C.Coalenergy-Explanation:Coalisafossilfuelandisnotrenewable.OptionsA,B,andDarerenewablesources.10.C.Smallactionslikerecyclingandconservingenergycanhaveasignificantimpact.-Explanation:Thisreflectsthepassage’sargumentaboutindividualcontributions.OptionsA,B,andDareeitheroverlypessimisticorunrelated.二、填空题1.Sustainable-Explanation:Theunitdiscussessustainabledevelopmentasbalancinggrowthwithenvironmentalprotection.2.Carbonfootprint-Explanation:Theunitintroducestheterm"carbonfootprint"todescribegreenhousegasemissions.3.Community-Explanation:Thepassagementionscommunityeffortstoreduceplasticwaste.4.Conservation-Explanation:Theunitemphasizesconservationasprotectingnaturalhabitats.5.Biodegradable-Explanation:Thevocabularylistincludes"biodegradable"todescribematerialsthatbreakdownnaturally.6.Deforestation-Explanation:Theunitdiscussesdeforestationasthedestructionofforests.7.Greenhouse-Explanation:Theunitexplainsgreenhousegasesandtheirroleinglobalwarming.8.Carbonoffsetting-Explanation:Theunitintroducescarbonoffsettingasbalancingemissions.9.Air-Explanation:Theunitmentionsairpollutionasatypeofpollution.10.Renewable-Explanation:Theunithighlightsrenewableenergyasasustainablealternativetofossilfuels.三、判断题1.False-Explanation:Sustainabledevelopmentbenefitsbothcurrentandfuturegenerations,unlikeunsustainablepractices.2.True-Explanation:Recyclingreduceslandfillwasteandconservesresources.3.False-Explanation:Deforestationcontributestoclimatechangebyreducingcarbonabsorption.4.False-Explanation:Biodegradablematerialsbreakdownnaturally,reducingpollution.5.True-Explanation:Greenhousegasestrapheat,warmingtheEarth.6.False-Explanation:Carbonoffsettingcaneffectivelyreduceoverallemissions.7.False-Explanation:Waterpollutioncomesfromchemicalsinwater,notair.8.False-Explanation:Renewableenergyisbecomingmorecost-effective.9.False-Explanation:Individualactions,likerecycling,makeadifference.10.False-Explanation:Soilenrichmentimprovessoilquality,notpollutesit.四、简答题1.Sustainabledevelopmentfocusesonmeetingcurrentneedswithoutharmingfuturegenerations,whileenvironmentalpollutionreferstoharmfulsubstancesintheenvironment.Sustainabledevelopmentpromotesbalance,whereaspollutiondegradesecosystems.2.Biodegradablematerialsbreakdownnaturally,reducingwasteinlandfillsandpreventinglong-termpollution.Thishelpsmaintainecologicalbalance.3.Deforestationremoveshabitats,leadingtobiodiversityloss,soilerosion,andclimatechange.Itdisruptsecosystemsandaffectsglobalcarboncycles.4.Greenhousegases,likecarbondioxideandmethane,trapheatintheatmosphere,causingglobalwarming.Theyarereleasedfromburningfossilfuelsandindustrialactivities.5.Carbonoffsettinginvolvesactionslikeplantingtreesorinvestinginrenewableenergytobalanceoutemissions,reducingtheoverallcarbonfootprint.6.Renewableenergysources,likesolarandwind,aresustainableandreducerelianceonfossilfuels,mitigatingclimatechange.7.Pollutionintroducesharmfulsubstancesintotheenvironment,harmingecosystems,wildlife,andhumanhealth.Itdegradesair,water,andsoilquality.8.Individualactions,suchasrecyclingandconservingenergy,contributeto