状语从句用法梳理梳理（原题版）上海市高考英语一轮复习

A专题05状语从句用法梳理+高考题型组合练

【考情链接】

裔考f要老左九种收语从句通铝词的正确运用，其次是收语从句的省略（琳谓得与状语乂句之同的转换）:

另外拉意状将乂句制定将从句，名词般乂句的田羽：状得乂句加强弱句型的区别。状得从句及不列句的考圭

有或现在为考彼盛.中的得法礁空，句3编律中。

【要点梳理】

★九种状语从句梳理（时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、方式、让步、比较）

种类连接词注意点

when,whenever,while,as.before,after.not..until,till,主句表示将来意义时，从句须用一般

everytime;eachtime;bythetime,assoonas,once（一现在时：while引导的从句中动词一般

时间

旦）是延续性的：until用在肯定句中主句

状语

hardly/scarcely...when,nosooner...than,（一.…就...）动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动

themoment/theminute/immediately/directly/instantly词为短暂性的。

地点

where,wherever

状语

原因because语气最强，since较弱,表示

because,as,since,nowthat（既然）

状语人家都明了的原因，as又次之。

if,unless,once,as（so）longas,（只要）

条件从句中动词时态不可用将来时，常用

onconditionthat（只要）,provided（that）suppose/supposing

状语一般时代替

（假设）

目的sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat（以免），incase（万一）,sothat和inorderthat后常接may,

状语lest唯恐should,could,would等情态动词

结果so+形容词或副词+that

sothat,so...that,such...that

状语such+名词+that

比较

than,（just）as;as...as,notso/as...as,themore...themore

状语

方式asif和asthough引导的从句一般用

asif/asthough（好像）,as

状语虚拟语气。

though,although,evenif/eventhough（即使）,as,as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；

whether…or（无论…还是...）while（尽管）although和though可和yeL'still连用,

让步

whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,however,但不可和but连用；如果主句用一般

状语

nomatter+what/who/how/when将来时，从句通常用一般现在时代替

一般将来时。

>考点一、时间状语从句

1.when,while和as弓I导的时间状语从句

从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动

when

作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生

while从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生

从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交

as

替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”

Whilesomepeoplearemotivatedbyaneedforsuccess,othersaremotivatedbyafearoffailure.

尽管有些人被成功的渴望所激励，但也有一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。

Astheaverageageofthepopulationincreases,therearemoreandmoreoldpeopletocarefor.

随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。

2.表示“一..就....”的连词引导的时间状语从句

(l)assoonas,(hemoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly

Themomentmyauntgainedherdiplomaafterfouryearsofhardwork,shewasfilledwithjoy.

我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。

(2)在hardly...when...,nosooner...than…结构中，主句用过去完成时，ihan或when所在的从句用一般

过去时。

Ihadhardlygottotheoffice,whenmywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.

我刚到办公室，妻子就打也话让我回家。

3.before,since引导的时间状语从句

(1)before表示"在..之前；还未....就....;还没有来得及....就....常用句式：Itwillbe/was

+一段时间+before...过了时间才；Itwon'tbe/wasn't+一段时间+before...没过多久就。

Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblembeforewecansolveit.

在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。

Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyearsbeforeyougetanotherone.

如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。

(2)since意为“自从...以来“，常用句式：Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句(常用过去时)。since

从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。

Asisreported,itisover100yearssinceQinghuaUniversitywasfounded.

正如所报道的，清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。

4.till/until引导的时间状语从句

until/till用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词：not...until/tilL..表示“直

到……才……”，noi所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首，而till不能。

Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeopleuntilyoufigureit

out.

如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。

Shedidn'tstartthelessonuntilthepupilssettleddown.

等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。

5.everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,bythetime等引导的时间状语从句

Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthisbook,yourmealwillgetcold.

等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。

>考点二、让步状语从句

1.although,though,as和while引导的让步状语从句

(l)lhough引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；alihojgh引导的从句不倒装；as引导的从句必须

用倒装语序：表语/状语/动词原形+as/though+主语+其他，若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省

略冠词。

(2)though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，矍于句末。

(3)while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。

Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow.

虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。

2.evenif与eventhough引导的让步状语从句

evenif/eventhough引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便

(湖南高考)Timisingoodshapephysicallyeventhough/evenifhedoesn'tgetmuchexercise.

蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。

3.“疑问词+・ever”引导的让步状语从句

wherever,(what,who,whom,when,which,how)+-ever表示“无论....”，引导让步状语从句时，

相当于nomalterwhere(whal,who,whom,when,which,how)。

Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.

总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。

However/Nomatterhowhardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdownIkeamountyou

eat.

不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。

4.whether.“or...引导的让步状语从句

whether...or...意为“无论......还是……”，提供两种对比情况。

Allpeople,whethertheyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneed

sincethedisaster.

所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。

>考点三、其他状语从句

状语从句连词

if,unless（=if...not）,so/aslongas（只要）,onconditionthat,incase：万

条件状语从句

一），suppose/supposing,provided/providing

原因状语从句because,as,since,nowthat,consideringthat（考虑到，鉴于）

目的状语从句so【hat,inorderthat,incase（以防）

结果状语从句sothat,so...（hat...,such...that...

地点状语从句where,wherever

方式状语从句as（正如，正像），asif/asthough（好像）

比较状语从句than,as...as...,notas/so...as...

Justasasinglewordcanchangethemeaningofasentence,asinglesentencecanchangethemeaningofa

paragraph.

正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句子也能改变一段文字的意思。

Hehadhiscamerareadyincasehesawsomethingthatwouldmakeagoodpicture.

他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些他能够拍成好照片的东西。

易错警示

asif/aslhough引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时，从句通常用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，用过去时；

与过去情况相反时，用过去完成时；与将来情况相反时，用would/could/might+动词原形。

LocatedtheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.

2.onlineshoppinghaschangedourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.

3.wcmakegooduseofpublictransport,theenvironmentwillbebetter.

4.Iwishmyhousewouldbebuiltwecanenjoybeautifulscenerywithmountainsandrivers.

5.Actually,we'vedonealottodevelopalow-carboneconomy,itdoesn'tliveuptoourexpectations.

6.thedamageisdone,itwilltakemanyyearsforthefarmlandtorecover.

7.Therearcseveralreasonsforsleep.Wcsleepwcneedtodream.

8.TheInternethascreatedthousandsofmillionaires,Bcrncrs-Lccisnotoneofthem.

9.Itisalonglimesincetheyseparated,butitwon'tbelongtheymeetagain.

1().Hehurriedoutoftheroomthemeetingwasover.

11.IdidiftrealizehowspecialmymotherwasIbecameanadult.

12.Ittookwhatseemedtobeyearstheactressfinallyturnedup,whichmadethejournalistsaswell

asaudiencesdisappointedandangry.

13.Ifyouaregoingtokill(hesnake,youhavetogetclosetotheheadisandcutitoff.

14.youhavesignedthecontractwiththem,thereisnopointindiscussingtheprice.

15.Youwillcertainlysucceedyoukeepontrying.

16.Provideyourdoctorwithadetailedmedicalhistoryhecangiveyouaccuratetreatment.

17.Aswecansee,developingagoodhabitissoimportantIwouldliketointroduceonekindofgood

learninghabit—keepalearningdiaryeveryday.

18.Mydaughterstaredatme,angrily,Iwereherwickedstepmother.

19.Theclassicalbookisstillworthititdoesn'tsellwell.

20.PoorhisEnglishwas,Mr.LimadehimselfunderstoodinEngland.

Translation（注意使用状语从句）

1.今天下午我没空，因为我和牙医有约。

2.只要你坚持按你制定的提高英语的计划来，你的英语就会越来越好。

3.尽管我们的政府已采取了一些措施，但是污染却越来越严重。

4.每次我想尽力说服他们，但总是以争吵结束。

5.既然你不得不整天待在教室里，你倒不如利用这个机会全身心地投入到学习上。

6.这孩子如此淘气，经常让忙于工作的父母难过生气。（upsel）（2。16年高考）

7.做任何事情只要我们坚持不懈，最终定然会收获满满。（persevere）（2022届虹口一模）

8.这位摄影师工作孜孜不倦,技术又精湛,人们预测他的成名指日可待。（so...that...）（2022届崇明一模）

9.家中要常备手电筒等应急物品，以备不时之需。（incase）（2022届嘉定一模）

10.不论种族、出生、文化和教育背景的差异有多大，我们都应该学会宽容，学会尊重他人的观念和想法。

(Nornalter)(2022届徐汇一模)

11.安保人员需要具备快速应变能力，这样才能把事故苗头消灭在萌芽状态。（before）（2022届青浦一模）

历年上海高考真题及模拟试题优选

I.29herfourthvideowentviral（走红），shecontinuedtomakeshortvideosand,in2021,became

afull-timecontentcreatorontheplatform.[2022年金山二模]

2.However,themostamazingthinghappened._4___therealityofthecrisissankin,itbroughtoutthebest

inus.【2022年静安二模】

3.The2008ceremonyboastedlarge-scaleperformancesdisplayingtraditionalChineseculture,whilethis

year'swascenteredaroundnaturalperformancesfromordinarypeople,25Zhangsoughttodeliver

Chinesestyleinadifferentway.[2022年松江二模】

4/,Wclistentooureldersaboutsomestuffwchavetoprotect29if\vcdon'tputitoutthere,wclose

whatitgivestous—youknow,welostthatpoweritgivesus,“shesaid.[2022年青;甫二模]

5.Aloafofhomemadebreadhassimpleingredientssuchasflour,water,saltandsugar.24youmake

ityourself,youhavecontroloveryouringredients.[2022年宝山二模】

6.Moreover,somewomenhavenotbeenpromotedasquicklyas（heirmalecounterparts,even28

theyarepublishingatthesamerateandbringinginasmuchresearchfundingandequipmenttotheirinstitutionsas

men.【2022年奉贤二模】

7.Thecontrastbecameevenmoreregrettable27theGreatWavePavilion,agardenontheUNESCO

WorldHeritageListthatisjustafewmetersawayacrossanarrowlane,wasbustlingwithtouristseveryday.[2022

年徐汇二模】

8.Difficult10researchingyourfamilyhistorymaybe,itisworthwhilepursuitifyouwantabelter

understandingofwhereyoucomefrom.【2022年长宁二模】

9.Startwithwhattheofficeisfor.Inthepast,2formittook,itwasaplaceforemployeestoget

theirworkdone.[2022年虹口二模】

lO.Noteveryoneishappythatthehandshakeismakingitswayback.22it'sadeep-rootedwayof

expressingfriendshipandrespect,somemedicalexpertswishitweregoneforgood.【2022年崇明二模]

11.Butrightnow,weareinasociallyawkwardtimeofhandshakeuncertainty,27somepeopleare

comfortableshakinghandsandsomearenot.[2022年崇明二模】

12.Totakebackourbeautifulcountrysideandcities,weneedtodomorethansimplynotleavingrubbish

30itoughtnottobe.Weneedtotrulycaremoreabouttheworldaroundus.[2022年闵行二模】

13.Aspeoplecontinuetofindinnovativewaystoreducewasteandimproveefficiency,morearchitectsarc

turningtogreenbuildings.21makinganenvironmentallyfriendlybuildingisachallenge,it'spossibleto

createbeautifulspacesthatimprovetheirenvironmentswithoutnegativelyimpactingnature!2022年闵杨浦二模】

ThisweekendmanyfamiliesinAmericawillcelebrateMother'sDay.TheeventdatesbacktoMay9,1914,(1)

America'sPresidentWilsonestablishedtheofficialholiday.Somepeoplehadbeguncampaigningforthe

holidayafewyears(2)(early).Finallyin1914,thepresidentmadeitofficial.Hedeclaredthateachsecond

SundayinMay(3)(dedicate)tothankingthenation'smothers.Healsoorderedallgovernmentbuildings(4)

(display)thenationalflagonthatday.AccordingtoPresidentWilson,thiswasdone“asapublicexpression

of...love...fbrthemothersofourcountry”.

Beforelong,peopleinothercountries(5)(begin)askingfbrasimilarholidaytocelebratetheirmothers.

MexicocelebrateditsfirstofficialMother'sDayonMay10,1922.May10lhbecametheirannualholidaybecause

thecountrypreferredafixeddateto(6)thatchanged.

OthercountriesarchappytosharethedaywiththeUnitedStates.SomeonthelistincludeAustralia,Belgium,

Canada,Denmark,Finland,Italy,JapanandTurkey.

Oddlyenough,theU.S.CongressrejectedaMother'sDayresolutionatfirst.Today,though.Mother'sDayisa

highlypopularholiday,h'salsoverysuccessfulcommercially.Alcngwithgivingcards,candyandflowers,(7)

(take)momsoutfbrbrunchisaverypopulargesture.America'sNationalRestaurantAssociationsays

Mother'sDayistheyear'smostpopulardayforeatingout.

Butwhydowehonorourmothers?Manymomslovinglydedicatetheirlivestotheirchildren.Momssacrifice

time,sleepandoftentheirowndrcams.Momstrytoprovideastrongfoundation(8)childrencan

buildtheirlives.With(9)(love)care,mothersguidetheirchildrentowardadulthood.

Whenweconsidereverythingourmothershavedonetorus,hewcanwenothonorthem?There'snoneedto

waitforanationalholiday,though.Everydayisagreatopportunitytotellourmothers(10)theymeantous.

Ecologyisacomplicatedthing.Giventhefactsthatelephantdamageoftenkillstreesandbushfiresoftenkill

treesitwouldbe21toassumethatacombinationofthetwowouldmakethingsworse.Contraryto（his

assumption,22,astherecently-publishedresearchbyBenjaminWigleyshows,ifatreehasalreadybeen

damaged,firecan23helptomakethingsbetter.

Onecommonwayinwhichelephantsharmtreesisbystripping（剥）themoftheirbark（树皮）.DrWigley,who

didindeedstartfromtheobvious24,setofftofindouthowmuchworsebushfireswouldmaketheeffects

ofthisbarkstripping.Toservethispurpose,hesetupastudyintheKrugerNationalPark.Since1954.theKrugerhas

beenthesiteofexperimentsinwhichplotsoflandhavebeenburned25,tounderstandtheeffectsoffireon

plainecology.Intheseexperiments,DrWigleylookedattreesinthreedifferentzones,inoneofwhich,thetreeswere

burnedeveryyear;inthesecond,theywereburnedeveryotheryear,whilethethirdzone,bycontrast,was

actively26fire.Tokeepthingsconsistent,helookedatthefateofthesametreespecies,themarula（马鲁拉

树）,inallthreezones.Hepickedmarulasbecausetheyareparticular27ofelephantactivity.Theirfruitare

delicious,andprizedbyelephantsandpeoplealike.Butelephantsalsoseemtoenjoyeatingtheirbark.InJuly2016

heandhiscolleaguesidentified20marulasineveryzoneandusedspecialtoolsto28fromeachofthema

circularsectionofbark5cmindiameter.Havingimposedthisdamage,they29thewoundsoverthecourse

ofthefollowingtwoyears,toseewhatwouldhappen.Totheir30,theydiscoveredthatthewoundsoftrees

infirezonesrecoveredfarbetterthanthoseoftreesthathadseennofiresatail.Woundedtreesintheannualburn

zonere-grew98%oftheirlost31duringthetwoyearsofthestudy.Thoselivinginthebiennial（两年一次

的）burnzonere-grew92%ofit.Butthoseinthezonewherefireswere32re-grewonly72%.

Theresearchersalsofoundsomethingelsewhentheyweremeasuringthetrees'wounds:ants.Tenofthe20trees

inthefire-preventionzonedevelopedantcoloniesintheirwounds.Theantsinquestionwereaspeciesthatisknown

tocamagetreesandissupposedto33tissuehealing.Bycontrast,onlyfivetreesinthebiennialburnzone

andthreeintheannualzonedevelopedants'nestsintheirwounds.Itlooks,therefore,asifbushfiresarctreatingtrees'

woundsbykillingantsthatmight34colonizeanddamagethem.Thoughsuchfiresaresurelyharmfulto

healthytrees,itseems,inanexampleoftwonegativesmakingapositive,asiftheyareactually35tosick

ones.

21.A.difficultB.reasonableC.necessaryD.awful

22.A.howeverB.thereforeC.furthermoreD.somehow

23.A.uniquelyB.barelyC.actuallyD.merely

24.A.phenomenonB.evidenceC.imaginationD.assumption

25.A.equallyB.regularlyC.severelyD.purposely

26.A.burntwithB.protectedfromC.coveredbyD.exposedto

27.A.participantsB.partnersC.victimsD.friends

28.A.markB.removeC.hitD.measure

29.A.regulatedB.checkedC.healedD.monitored

30.A.disappointmentB.surprisec.joyD.relief

31.A.vitalityB.heightC.barkD.strength

32.A.controlledB.preventedC.startedD.boosted

33.A.disturbB.promoteC.impactD.quicken

34.A.thereforeB.neverthelessC.thenD.otherwise

35.A.beneficialB.unbelievableC.effectiveD.cruel

A

Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreen

salad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.

Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglybought

waytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly80()millionpeopleayeargohungry,4tfbodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,''as

ElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.It'sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway

一from"ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrowninto

restaurantgarbagecans.

Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfood

wasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,4tiffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargest

producerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”

Ifthat'shardtounderstand,let'skeepitassimpleastheanigulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinsees

myarugulastoiyallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.

CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Last

yearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)

producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordry

(hemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.

Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink.<4Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,

whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotinclude

thesidedishyouwon'teat,“Curtinsays.

24.Whatdocstheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?

A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.

C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.

25.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothelest?

A.Moraldecline.B.Environmentalharm.

C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidestarvation.

26.WhatdocsCurtin'scompanydo0

A.Itproduceskitchenequipment.B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.

C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.

27.WhaldoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?

A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.B.Reducefoodconsumption.

C.Goshoppingonceaweek.D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.

B

Aswcage,evenifwc'rchealthy,theheartjustisn'tasefficientinprocessingoxygenasitusedtobe.Inmost

peoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewhodon'texercise,thechangescanstart

evensooner.

“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,bu(pulitinadrawerfbr20yearsanditwillbecomedry

andeasilybroken,“saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That'swhathappenstotheheart

Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven'tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettingin

shapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.

Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwere

otherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramof

nonaerobic（无氧）exercise—balancetrainingandweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdid

high-intcnsityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,the

secondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.

“Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturned（heclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,MsaysLevine.4tAndthe

reasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpump（泵送）alotmore

bloodduringexercise."Buttheheartsofthosewhoparticipatedinlessintenseexercisedidn'tchange,hesays.

“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising,ifyouhaven'talready,isinlatemiddleagewhentheheartstillhas

flexibility/'Levinesays.4tWeputhealthy70-year-oldsthroughayearlongexercisetrainingprogram,andnothing

happenedtothematall.,,

Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine'sfindingsareagreatstart.

Butthestudywassmallandneedstcberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspects

ofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.

12.WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?

A.Therightwayofexercising.B.Thecausesofaheartattack.

C.Thedifficultyofkeepingfit.D.Theagingprocessoftheheart.

13.Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermsofresearchdesign?

A.Dietplan.B.Professionalbackground.

C.Exercisetype.D.Previousphysicalcondition.

14.WhatdoesLevine'sresearchfind?

A.Middle-agedheartsgetyoungerwithaerobicexercise.

B.High-intensityexerciseismoresuitablefortheyoung.

C.Itisnevertoolateforpeopletostarttakingexercise.

D.Themoreexercisewedo,thestrongerourheartsget.

15.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?

A.Makinguseofthefindings.B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.

C.Conductingfurtherresearch.D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.

Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearctwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Hesaysthatthesecretofsuccessissimplymanyhoursofhardwork.

B.Butsurelythereareexceptionstothisrule?

C.Nevertheless,researchersdofindsomeexceptions.

D.Mozartwrotehisfirstrealmasterpiecewhenhewastwenty-one.

E.Apparently,everyextrafriendthatyouhavealschooladdstwopercenttoyoursalarylaterinlife!

F.Talentdidn'tseemtoworkaswellasgenerallythought.

Manysocialscientistshavestudied(hephenomenonofsuccess.OneAmericanstudyclaimsthatyoursocial

networkisthekeytosuccess.67Perhapsthisboostsyourself-confidenceorperhapsyouhavemorepeople

tosupportyou.Anotherstudylinksheightandsuccess:everyextracentimeterisworthanother$300peryear.The

troubleisthatfbreverypersontowhomthesetheoriesapply,thereisanexception.

However,inhisbookOutliers-TheStoryofSuccess,author,MalcolmGladwcll,hascomeupwithatheory

thatheclaimsistrueineverycase.68.Hehascalculatedexactlyhowmanyhoursworkyouneedtodoin

ordertobecome*thebest'inyourfield:10,000hoursapparentlyoraboutfourhoursadayfbrtenyears.Withoutthis

kindofdetenninationandhardworkyouprobablywon'treachthetop,regardlessofyourtalent.

Researcherslookedatviolinplayersinamusicschooltotestthistheory.Teachersputtheplayersintothree

groups:averageplayersingroupC,goodplayersingroupBandoutstandingplayer