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考研英语(一)模拟试卷182

一、完型填空(本题共20题,每题7.0分,共20分。)

Forcenturies,menandwomenhaveworkedtirelesslytofitthephysicalmoldsoftheir

time.Diets,whichhave[Bl]fromthe[B2]tothecolorfulandkind

ofsilly,have[B3]awiderangeofresults-andallsortsoffollowings.Not

longago,theAtkinsdietmadecarbohydrateswickedandconvincedmillionsto[B4]

starchesofanykind.Today,thePaleodiet,whichmeansto[B5]the

eatinghabitsanddigestivesystemsofancienthumanswholivedformany[B6]

yearsthanpeopleonaveragedotoday,is[B7]themostpopular-oratleast

talkedabout—dietaryfad.Soontherewillbeanotherfadthatthedietingsweeps[B8]

.Andanotherone.Thequestionthatseemstorevolve[B9]allthisdiet

talkiswhetheranyofthe[BIO]weightlossschemeshasworked.Ifonehad,

shouldn'tithave[R11]therestofrime?Andifwe'vegonethislong【R12】

adietthathasbeenshowntowork—accordingtoscience,notsimplythesellers

ofthefad—willoneeveremerge[B13]actuallydocs?Theshortanswerisno,

accordingtoTraciMann,whohasbeenstudyingeating[B14],self-controland

dietingformorethan20years.[B15]thecourseofherresearch,largely

[B16]attheUniversityofMinnesota'sHealthandEatingLab,Mannhas

[B17]askedthesesortsofquestions,andalwaysfoundthesame[B18]

answers.Herfindings,introducedinhernewlypublishedbookSecretsfromthe

EatingLab,offerafascinating[B19]forwhydietingoverthelongtermis

actually[B20].

1、[Bl]

A、covered

B、ranged

C、changed

D、differed

标准答案:B

知识点解析:选项[A]ccvered(覆盖;包括;负担支付)既不符合语法结构,也不符

合语义。选项[Qchanged(变化)不恰当,change侧重变得different,不符合原文含

义,原文并未侧重变得不同。选项[D|differed(有区别),意义虽有关,但不符合

“f?om...to“结构。

2、[B2]

A、ingenious

B、mischievous

C、straightforward

D^controversial

标准答案:C

知识点解析:本空缺与卜文的colorful及各种有关节食的schemes构成反义照应关

系。换言之,既有易懂易做的,也有丰富多彩的,甚至愚蠢的。选项

[A]ingenious(灵巧的,精巧的)、[B]mischievous(有害的)、[D]controversial(有争议

的),从搭配关系上看恰当,但从意义上看,不如选项[C]符合上下文。

3、[B3]

A、produced

reflected

C^obtained

D、indicated

标准答案:A

知识点解析:选项[B]reflected的意思为“反映”,选项[^obtained的意思为“得到”,

选项[D]indicaled意为“显示,表现这三个选项都可以与results搭配,但都不能

表达出“节食计划和节食成果''的因果关系。

4、[B4]

A、emphasize

B、neglect

C>prohibit

D、avoid

标准答案:D

知识点解析:由于把碳水化合物视为祸根,故此劝导人们避免食用淀粉。选项

[AJemphasize(强调)表述相反的理解。选项[BJneglect(玩忽职守,忽视)和

[©prohibit(禁止)都没有[DJ恰当。

5、[B5]

A、surpass

B、dismiss

C^ignore

D、admire

标准答案:D

知识点解析:本题与第4题如出一辙,admire与avoid可构成反义照应。在过去,

某些节食法劝导人们避免某些食物,而当今,却又提倡效仿古人的饮食法。选项

[A]surpass(超过,超越)脱离上下文含义。而选项[B]dismiss(不再考虑;驳回)和选项

[□ignore(忽略,忽视)正好表达了相反的意思。

6、[B6]

A、fewer

earlier

C、more

D^later

标准答案:A

知识点解析:作者介绍了各种各样的节食法,同时也对这些节食法进行了评述:某

些节食风尚倡导效仿古人,但是古人的寿命尚不如现代人长,这不是倒行逆施吗?

选项[C]more正好相反。选项[B]eaHier和[DJlater侧重于时间先后,而原文侧重寿

命的长短。

7、[B7]

A、still

B、otherwise

C、never

D、perhaps

标准答案:D

知识点解析•:本题需要考虑作者的语气。木段表面上介绍各种节食风尚,实则对这

些风尚做出评论。空缺之前的。naverage(平均地;一般而言),流露出作者说话留

有余地。空缺下文的atleasl(至少溺化了语气,那么空缺填入perhaps(也许)修饰后

面的最高级,就可以表达出作者说话留有余地的做法。选项[A]stiH(还是,依旧,

依然)含有吃惊的语气。选项[B]oihcrwise(副词,在别的方面,除此以外)用于引出

例外情况。选项[C]never(永不)显然不符合空缺内容。

8、[B8]

A、lecture

B、debate

C>conversation

D、negotiation

标准答案:C

知识点解析:空缺处需与卜文的talkedabout和下文的diettalk照应.选项

[ARecture(演讲;训斥),[D]negotiation(谈判)显然脱离文章。选项[B[debate(辩论,

争论)不如[C]恰当。

9、[B9]

A、above

B、over

C^beyond

D、around

标准答案:D

知识点解析:revolvearound的意思为“(辩论或讨论)围绕选项[A]above(在...正

上方),[BJover(跨越,超过)[CJbeyond(在那边;除了)一般不与revolve搭配。

10、[B10]

A、multiple

B>surplus

C^excessive

D^particular

标准答案:A

知识点解析:multiple修饰后面的schemes,与上一段介绍的种种节食法照应。选

项[B]surplus(多余的,过剩的),英文意思为extraormorethanisneeded»含有消极

色彩。选项|C]excessive(过分的,过多的),英文意思为loogreat、loomuch、too

extremeo选项[D]particular(特定的,特指的),英文意思为usedtosingleoutan

individualmemberofaspecifiedgrouporclasso

11、[Bll]

A^survived

B、experienced

C、undertaken

D、highlighted

标准答案:A

知识点解析:此处意为“节食计划经过实践的检验”,选项[B|experienced(经历)不如

[A]表述准确,原文开头就点明了Forcenturies,空缺处需要一个与时间相关的表

述。选项|C]undenaken(着手做;承担)和|D|highlighied(强调)明显脱离了原文含

义。

12、[B12]

A、with

B、for

C、without

D、after

标准答案:C

知识点解析:空缺介词短语,作状语C句子含义为:如果这么久我们还没有起作用

的饮食法,实际起作用的饮食法真会出现吗?这个介词短语表达出作者对这些饮食

法的否定态度。选项[A]with正好相反。选项[B]for和[D]afler都可以理解为追求,

“追求某种饮食”的表达是通顺的,但整个句子的含义不是这个意思。

13、[B13]

A、as

than

C、what

D、that

标准答案:D

知识点解析:thal在此处是关系代词,引导定语从句,修饰先行词。ne,即“实际起

作用的饮食法选项[A]as和[B]lhan也可以引导定语从句,但原句没有比较含

义。选项[C]what常引导主语从句或宾语从句。

14、[BI4]

A^routines

B、habits

C、customs

D、practices

标准答案:B

知识点解析:此处意为“饮食习惯”,与下文的self-conirol和dieting并列。其实在

第2段作者就已经提到J'eatinghabits。选项[A]rou【ines(H程),英文解释为regular

waysofdoingthingSo选项©customs(习俗)和[D]practices(惯例,做法)均与eating

搭配不恰当。

15、[B15]

A、In

B、Off

C、Among

D、Over

标准答案:D

知识点解析:overthecourseofresearch的意思为“研究过程中这一短语表达出研

究历时很长,从宏观角度看也符合全文饮食探究历程的这一时间宏线。选项[A]In

不如[D]恰当,原文侧重的不是在研究过程中,而是历时过程的长短。选项

[B]Off(离开)和[D]Among(在……之中)显然不恰当。

16、[B16]

A、inspired

B、expressed

C、conducted

D、secured

标准答案:C

知识点解析:选项[A[inspired(激励;促成)、[B]expressed(表达)、[D]securcd(通过努

力而获得)都不符合“研究”这一话题。

17、[B17]

A、constantly

B、repeatedly

C^habitually

D、irregularly

标准答案:B

知识点解析:从微观角度看,repeatedly与下文的always照应,从宏观角度看,

Mann对过去各种节食手段的效果都进行了审视。副词repeatedly正好表达出这种

频度。选项[A]constantly(一直,不变)侧重于“(在某段时间内)恒星,不变”,不如

repeatedly贴切。选项[C]habitually(依习惯地,习惯性地)和[D]irregularly(不规则地)

显然不符合上下文的含义。

18、[BI8]

A^disappointing

B、enlightening

C、misleading

D、promising

标准答案:A

知识点解析:作者在此表达了评价和态度,与上文的iheshorlanswerisno照应。

选项[C]misleading(使人能生误解的,骗人的)语气太重,原文侧重于没有定论,而

非对某一个具体的节食法进行正负评价。选项IBJenlightening(有启发性的,使人增

进知识的)和[D]promising(有前景的)正好表述相反含义。

19、[B19]

A、explanation

B、assessment

C^determination

D、investigation

标准答案:A

知识点解析:explanation侧重givingreasons,与下文why…搭配。选项

[Biassessment(评估)显然不恰当,原文没有关于正确性的线索。选项

[C]determinalion(决心,决定)表达/相反的判断,原文侧重于尚无定论。选项

[D]investigation(调查)不如[A]符合原文中的因果关系。

20、[B20]

A、opposite

B、average

CNsubstantial

D、impossible

标准答案:D

知识点解析:空缺的句子呼应段落第1句的观点:否定回答。再从篇章一致性看,

文章回顾了几百年中的节食(饮食)方法,认为多没有效果。从这个角度看,“长期

节食实际上是不可能的”这一结论是合理的。选项[A]opposite(相反的)不恰当,原文

为对比关系。选项[Beverage(平均的)一词在文章出现过,但与这个句子的含义无

关。而选项[C]substantial(大量的;实实在在的)则为相反的理解。

二、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共20题,每题7.0

分,共20分。)

Twomodelshavespokenoutaboutthepressurestheyfacedtostayskinny,shininga

lightonthecontinuedbodyimageissuesfacedbythefashionindustry.ErinHeatherion,

aformerVictoria'sSecretmodel,hasrevealedthatshewaspressurisedtoloseweightby

thefashionhouse.ModelRosieNelson,whohadasimilarexperiencetoHeatherton,adds

thattheissueismademoreproblematicbythedisconnectbetweenwhatthepublicthink

modellinginvolvesandtherealityofit."Peoplethinkit'sreallyglamorousand

luxurious,withloadsoffreebiesandgettingpaidmillions.That'snotthecase.There'san

underlyingpressuretostaythinandthethoughtthatyouwillberejectedifyourhipsare

toobig.*'Shesaidtheindustryseesmodelsas"interchangablecoathangers",writingthat

thekeytosuccessistheabilitytostayasize0-2throughoutyourcareer."Youngmodels

learnaboutitthehardway,"shewrote."Ifanagencycatchesthesmallestweightgain,

youaremeasured,toldtoloseweightimmediatelyandreprimanded."CarynFranklin,

formerco-cditorofIDmagazineandcurrentlyprofessorofDiversityatKingston

University,saysthatthereisacultureofdenialaroundtheissuemeaningthatthefashion

industrydoesnotseewhateffectitishavinginthewiderworld."Womenaremadeto

self-objectifybecausetheyseeobjectificationinfashion,"shesays."Youngwomenwho

havebeenengagingwithfashionsincetheyweresevenoreightyearsoldhavebeen

taughttoseethemselvesasanexterior.1'Franklinaddsthat30yearsago,modelswere

shorterandbodiesweremorerealisticallyproportioned."Nowtheindustrystandard

heightis5ft11inbutthemeasurementsthatdesignersmaketotheirsampleshaven't

changed.Thetallermodelthereforeisunderpressuretoreduceherbodyaccordingly."

ThetestimonyofHeathertonandNelsoncomesdaysafterabillinCalifornia,aimedat

reducingeatingdisordersamongmodels,cleareditsfirstlegalhurdle.Thebill,which

requiresthestatetodevelophealthstandardsformodelsinthestate,passedtheAssembly

LabourandEmploymentCommittee.MThegoalofthebillisnotonlytoprotectthehealth

oftheworkersthemselves,butalsotohelpyoungpeopletoemulatethemodels,'*said

DemocraticpoliticianMarcLevine,whoauthoredit.LastDecember,Francebanned

excessivelythinmodels,partlyasaresponsetothedeathofIsabelleCaro,a28-year-old

modelwhodiedofaneatingdisorder(anorexia).In2012,Israelpassedalawbanning

underweightmodels,andItalyandSpainhavetakensimilarmeasures.Nelsonishopeful

thatthroughanewgenerationofdesignerssuchasNasirMazhir,whostreetcastshis

models,therewillbeachange.

21Twomodelsexposesalifestylecharacterizedby

A、anunknownluxury.

B、extrabenefits.

C>anenviableimage.

D、extremestress.

标准答案:D

知识点解析:(I)根据题目顺序,本题出处定位在笫1、2段。(2)根据文章,

“Heatherton被迫减轻体重''(第1段:pressurised)。“RosieNelson也有相似的经历,

有保持体形的潜形压力”(第2段:anunderlyingpressure)o(3)对比四个备选,可确

定选项[D]是模特生活的最大特点。

22、ItcaninferredfromRosieNelson,sremarksthatmodels

areoftentreatedwithgreatseverity.

B、nolongerliveunderpeerpressure.

C、pursueperfectphysicalconditions.

D、areonlytooeagertoloseweight.

标准答案:A

知识点解析:(1)根据专有名词RosieNelson提示,出处定位在第2、3段。(2)根据

文意,“如果臀部太大,将被抛弃”(第2段:rejected)。“模特被视为,通用的晾衣

架第3段:coathangers),“公司只要瞥见模特体重增加,模特就受到检测、被命

令马上减肥,甚至受到责骂”(第3段:reprimanded)。据此,确定选项[A]是最佳推

测。

23、CarynFranklinbelievesthatthefashionindustry

A、disregardanyoncomingobjections.

B、arecautiousaboutmodel-selecting.

C、tailtorealizeitsrealproblems.

D、areobjectiveaboutultra-thinmodels.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:(I)根据题干关键词CarynFranklin,可将出处定位在第4、5段。(2)

根据文章,“时尚界有一种拒绝承认的文化''(第4段:denial),“并没有看到业内对

业外的影响”(第4段:doesnotsee,effect)o此外,“女性受到的熏陶是只有外表、外

在''(第4段:sclf-objectify,objectification,seethemselvesasanexterior)0⑶再根据

第5段,”时尚业还在使用30年前的样本,当时模特矮小,形体匀称”(第5段:

shorter,proportioned),现在却没有根据实际情况调整模特体形要求。综合这些信

息,可知选项[C]是文意的最佳概括。

24、ThebillinCaliforniaismainlyintendedto

A^guidethefollowersoffashions.

B、promotethehealthofmodels.

C、setanexampleforothercountries.

D^establishmoralstandardsformodels.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:(1)根据题干关键词ThebillinCalifornian提示,定位至第6段。⑵根

据文意,“法案R的在于减少模特的饮食疾病”(第6段:aimedatreducingeating

disorders),“要求该州制定模特的健康标准”(第6段:develophealthstandards),“保

护模特的健康据此,确定选项[B]为最佳答案。

25、FromthetextwelearnthatNasirMazhir

A^isparticularaboutmodels.

B、posesathreattheindustry.

C、wouldadoptnewsamples.

D、isobligedtoabidebylaws.

标准答案:C

知识点。扁:(1)根据题干关键词NasirMazhir,可将出处定位在第7段。(2)根据文

意,“Nelson希望,在NasirMazhir那样一代新的设计师的努力下,(超瘦形体的现

状)将有变化”(第7段:change),原因是“Mazhir在大街上取样”(第7段:

streetcast),这样做便摒弃了以前的标准。(3)其实,关于模特样本过时的字样在第s

段就有说明。这些内容的言外之意便是选项[C]的表述。

TheU.S.governmentdroppeditscourtfightagainstAppleafteritsuccessfullypulled

datafromtheiPhoneofSanBernardinogunmanSyedFarook,accordingtocourtrecords.

ThedevelopmentonMondayeffectivelyendedasix-weeklegalbattlepoisedtoshape

digitalprivacyforyearstocome.Instead,SiliconValleyandWashingtonarepoisedto

returntoacoldwaroverthebalancebetweenprivacyandlawenforcementintheageof

apps.nThegovernmenthasnowsuccessfullyaccessedthedatastoredonFarook'siPhone

andthereforenolongerrequirestheassistancefromAppleInc,"thegovernmentsaid.It

thenaskedthecourttovacatea16FebruarycourtorderdemandingApplecreate

softwarethatweakenediPhonesecuritysettingstoaidgovernmentinvestigators.Ona

conferencecallwithreportersthattheDepartmentofJusticeorganized,alaw

enforcementofficialdeclinedtoofferdetailsonthetechniqueotherthantosaythatit

camefromoutsidethegovernment.TheGuardianhasreportedthatthetechniqueusedby

thegovernmenthasbeenclassified.Theofficialalsodeclinedtosayifthegovernment

wouldsharethetechniquewhichlikelyexploitsasecurityglitchinthephone-withApple.

Doingsowouldpresumablycausethecompanytopatchthesecurityflaw.Thisleaves

theJusticeDepartmentwithadifficultchoice:makealliPhonesmoresecurefromother

hackersandgovernmentswhoknowhowtogetinside,orpreserveaninvestigative

technique.ApplefoughttheFebruarycourtorderwithamassivepublicrelationsand

legalcampaign.Thecompany,America'smostvaluable,arguedthatcreatingsuch

softwarewouldforcethecompanytobetrayitsvaluesalongwiththesecurityandprivacy

ofallofitscustomers.Apple'sCEOTimCookarguedthatifApplewereforcedto

reengineeritsproducts,itwouldopenaPandora'sboxthatcouldgivethegovernment

outsizedcontroloverhowSiliconValleymakesitsproducts.Thecaseforcedpublic

leadersfromBarackObamatoBillGatestodeclarewheretheystoodonthebalance

betweenprivacyandnationalsecurity.Italsokickedlawmakersintohighgeartocraft

legislationgoverninganewgenerationofdevicesandmessagingservicesthatrelyon

strongencryptiontoprotectuserprivacy,"Itremainsapriorityforthegovernmentto

ensurethatlawenforcementcanobtaincrucialdigitalinformationtoprotectnational

securityandpublicsafety,eitherwithcooperationfromrelevantpartiesorthroughthe

courtsystemwhencooperationfails,"JusticeDepartmentspokeswomanMelanie

Newmansaid.

26、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph1thatSiliconValleyandWashingtonareboth

A^confrontedwithadelicatesituation.

B、enthusiasticaboutearlycompromises.

C、caughtinadesperateplight.

D^exposedtopublic'sseverecriticisms.

标准答案:A

知识点解析:(1)根据题干关键词将出处定位在第1段。(2)根据文章,“美国政府停

止了与苹果公司在法院的争斗”(第1段:dropped,courtfight),“双方进行的这场争

斗会影响未来数字化隐私的问题''(第1段:poisedtoshapedigitalprivacy),“双反都

稳定住自己,进入一种冷战状态''(第1段:poisedtoreturntoacoldwar),“维持隐

私和执法之间的平衡”(第1段:balance)o这些内容的言外之意便是选项[A]。

27、ItisindicatedinParagraph3thatthetechnique

A、belongstothepatentofApple.

B>weakenstheauthorityofinvestigators.

C>remainsunknowntotheoutsiders.

D^strengthensiPhonesecuritysettings.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:(1)根据题干关键词定位在第3段。⑵根据第2段,“政府己经成功地

获取了手机的相关内容”(第2段:successfullyaccessed)。再根据第3段,“官员谢

绝透露获取信息的技术,只是说是政府外部所为”(第3段:otherthan,from

outside),“《卫报》报道说,这个技术高度机密”。据此,确定选项[0为最佳答

案。

28、Theword"glitch"(Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto

A、effectivemechanism.

B、suddenmalfunction.

C、businessvision.

D^faultybrowsing.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:(1)根据题干关键词定位在第4段。(2)glitch的基本含义是指,asmall

problemorfaultthatstopssthworkingsuccessfullyo(3)根据文章,“官方拒绝透露,

是否会与苹果公司分享这个技术'、,"这一技术可能利用了一个苹果手机的……(笫

4段:exploils,glitch)。“苹果公司可能会对这一技术缺陷进行修补”(第4段:paich

thesecurityflaw),flaw和glitch之间有照应关系。据此,确定选项[B]为最佳答

案。

29、TimCookshowshisconcernthat

A^nationalsecuritymayoutweighprivacy.

B、digitaltechnologywillrunoutofcontrol.

C、userprivacycannotbeeffectivelyprotected.

D、thepowerofgovernmentwillgounchecked.

标准答案:D

知识点解析:(1)根据题干关键词TimCook定位在第6段。(2)根据文章,Cook认

为,“如果被迫重新设计产品,那么,潘多拉的盒子就会被打开,政府便会获得超

强的控制力”(第6段:oversizedcontrol)o综合这些信息,确定选项[D]转述了原文

内容。

30、ItcanbeinferredfromMelanieNewman,sremarksthat

A^securitylegislationshouldbeintroduced.

B、digitaldevicesareimmunetolegalchallenges.

C^government'sdecisivenessisessentialtosecurity.

D、cooperationmaypavethewayforbalance.

标准答案:A

知识点解析:(1)根据题干关键词Newman定位在第8段。(2)根据第7段,“立法者

应该加快节奏,进行立法”(第7段:craftlegislation)。(3)根据第8段,Melanie

Newman的话也反复强调/lawenforcement,thecourtsystem等法律方面的话题。

结合这些信息,确定选项[A]为最佳答案。

Onhisdeathbedin1638,JohnHarvardbequeathedhalfofhisestate,about&800andhis

libraryofsome400bookstoanewcollegeinpresent-dayCambridge,Massachusetts.

Harvard'sfoundersdecidedtonametheirnewuniversityforitsfirstbigbenefactor.The

universitycontinuestobethebeneficiaryofgenerousdonors.Someofitsalumnithink

thisoughttobesufficienttoscraptuitionfees.AmongthemareRalphNader,aveteran

politicalactivist,andRonUnz,authorofanumberofcriticalarticlesonAmerican

meritocracy.Botharehopingtowinelectiontotheuniversity'sboardofoverseers,from

whichperchtheywillpushtomakeHarvardfreeforallstudentstoattend,andalso

pressureitsadmissionsofficetodisclosedataonhowitchooseswhichstudentstoadmit.

Collegeshavetheirdefenders."Mostoftheseplacesarealreadyprovidingafairamount

offinancialaidforstudentswellbeyondthepovertyline,"saysKimRuebenoftheTax

PolicyCentre.KevinWeinman,Amherst'schieffinancialofficer,sayshisuniversity's

endowmentprovides$90mtothecollege'sbudget,$30mmorethantuition,roomboard

andvariousfeescombined.AfterCongresslastexaminedthetopicin2007,more

collegesbegantoawardgrantsinsteadofloans.Inadditiontopointingouttheir

generosity,collegesalsoarguethatforcingthemtospendendowmentmoneyonfree

tuitionmightevenbeillegal.Donorscanrestricttheirtax-exemptgifttoalegally-binding

particularpurpose,suchascreatingachair,establishingascholarshiporbuildinganew

lab.Around70%ofendowmentsarcrestrictedfunds.Notabidingbyadonor'swishes

canresultinalawsuit.PrincetonwassuedbytheheirsoftheA&Pgroceryfortunewho

claimedagiftof$35mmadein1961wasmisusedandnotspentasdirected.Ifthe

wealthiestcollegesalreadyspendsomuchonfinancialaid,whereistheproblem?Mr

Unzarguesthatrelentlessendowment-fuelledspendingonnewbuildings,sportsfacilities

andthehiringofadministratorshascreatedanarms-raceinhighereducation,pushingup

pricesatthoseuniversitiesthatarenotfortunateenoughtohavelotsofgenerous

benefactors.Harvardcouldscraptuitionpaymentswithoutdamagingitsfinancesor

touchingtherestrictedportionofitsendowment,hereckons.Furthermore,theabolition

ofbothcomplicatedfinancial-aidformsandterrifyingstickerpricesfbrtuition(ie,before

financialaidiscalculated)could,heargues,domuchtoencourageapplicantsfrom

beyondtheplutocracy.

31、JohnHarvard'sdonationismentionedto

A、spotlighthisgenerosity,

revealanintimatesecret.

C>showthewealthofcolleges.

D、stressseriousendowments.

标准答案:D

知识点解析:(1)根据题干关键词JohnHarvard定位至第1段。(2)根据文章,

“Harvard在1638年去世时,把一半的财产捐赠给了大学”(第1段:halfofhis

estate),“是首位巨额捐赠者”(第1段:firstbigbenefactor)o(3)从全文发展来看,本

文谈论的中心是:收到巨额捐赠的大学,面对废除学费的呼吁。那么,John

Harvard起到了引子的作用,提出大学接收赠款的话题。据此,选项[D]为最佳答

案。

32、WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredaboutRalphNaderandRonUnz?

A^Theyareunderattackfortheirviews.

B、Theymaygainfromtheirproposals.

C、Theypayattentiontoallstudents.

D、Theymayabandonadmissionsoffices.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:⑴根据题干关键词RalphNader和RonUnz,可定位至第2段。(2)根

据文章,(这两人)“呼吁大学废除学费”(第1段:scraptuitionfees),“抨击了美国教

育的英才教育(制度)''(笫2段:meritocracy)。重要的是,(他们)“希望赢得学校监督

委员会的选举''(第2段:winelection),“从这个动机出发,他们呼吁哈佛大学对所

有学生免费”(第2段:push)。那么,言外之意便是他们这么做可能有所图谋。选项

[B]表达出了言外之意。

33、ItissuggestedinParagraph3thatcolleges

failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.

B、arcoverwhelmedwithendowments.

C、givemoremoneytostudentsthanisnecessary.

D^areconstantlyexposedtosupervisions.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:(1)根据题干定位至第3段。(2)根据Rueben的说法,“大学给学生提

供了经济资助,大大超过了贫困线”(第3段:aid,beyondthepovertyline)o再根据

Weinmcn说法,“大学的捐赠款使用在了学费、住宿和其他费用”(第3段)。这些观

点的言外之意便是选项|C|的含义。此外,第4段段首的Inaddilionlopointingoul

theirgenerosity也表明了大学的generosity(慷慨大方)。

34、TheA&Pgroceryfortuneiscitedasanexampleof

A、legalrestrictionsplacedonthepurposeofendowments.

R、endowmentmoneyspentonsomeitemsunstated.

C、compliancetothewishesofrelevantdonators.

D、necessityofconstructingbasicschoolfacilities.

标准答案:A

知识点解析:(1)根据题干关键词定位至第4段。而且A&P食品公司在文中为论据

(论证),需要找出论点所在。(2)根据文章,论点是:“强制大学将捐资用于减免学

费可能是非法的''(第4段:illegal)。其理由是,“捐赠者对捐款使用目的法律方面

的限制”(第4段:restrict,alegally-bindingparticularpurpose),“70%的捐资是有限

制的'’(第4段:restrictedfunds)o(3)为了说明这些看法,文章以A&P食品公司为

例,说明“捐资用途受到法律限制据此,选项rA]为最佳答案。

35、MrUnzassertsthatthecurrentwaythewealthiestcollegesspendmoneymaylead

to

A^reducedtuition.

B、constantendowment.

C、weakenedmanagement.

D^unfaircompetitions.

标准答案:D

知识点解析:(1)根据题干关键词MrUnz可定位至最后一段。(2)根据文章,Mr

Unz认为,”捐赠推动了持续的花销,己经产生高等教育的,军备竞赛,”(第5段:an

arms—race),“那些接收捐赠较少的学校的价格也被推高了”(第5段:pushingup

prices)o这说明学校之间存在不良竞争。(3)另一方面,“放弃现有的复杂的经济捐

赠种类和学费的明码标价,才能鼓励那些来自非富豪家庭的孩子”(第5段:

abolition,encourage)®这说明现在的体系对于那些来自非富有阶层的学生不公平。

概括这些信息,确定选预[D]为最佳答案。

Intherun-uptohislatestbudget,nothingseemedtobegoingGeorgeOsborne'sway.The

economywasslowingdown,bitingintothechancellor'staxrevenues.Growingwonies

abouttheJunereferendumonBritain'smembershipoftheEuropeanUnionpromptedthe

Treasurytocancelaproposedoverhaulofthepensionssystem.ButwhenMrOsborne

stooduponMarch16th,hegavetheimpressionthatnothingwouldknockhimoffhis

coursetoreformtheBritisheconomy.Itwasabudget'forthenextgeneration,"hesaid

repeatedly,asiftoemphasisethescaleofhisambition.Withanextra£7.6billion

($10.9billion)ofspendingcuts,Britainisstillforecasttorunabudgetsurplusof&10

billionin2019-2020,justbeforeanelection.Lesseningtheburdenotgovernmentdebton

futuregenerations,heargued,istherightthingtodo,asisimplementingthestructural

reformsthatwillmaketheBritisheconomymorecompetitive.Inthatregard,atleast,Mr

Osborne'sbudgetspeechhittherighttone.Buttherewasnotenoughtobackitup.The

biggestsetofreforms,ofcompanytaxation,mayindeedmaketheBritainoftomorrowa

betterplacetodobusiness.FollowinganagreementinNovemberbytheOECD,aclubof

mainlyrichcountries,MrOsbornetweakedrulesunderwhichfirmsoffsetdebt-interest

paymentsagainsttheircorporation-taxbill.Smallbusinesses,whichcomplainmostabout

tax-dodgingbybigfirmswithexpensivelawyers,areparticularlyhappy.MrOsborne

raisedthethresholduptowhichsmallcompaniesareeligibleforreliefonbusinessrates,

taxeschargedonnon-domesticproperty.About250,000firmswillseelowerrates,a

welcomewindfallforthoseworryingaboutahigherminimumwagetobeintroduced

nextmonth.Amongbig,richeconomiesBritainhasoneofthelowestratesofrapidly

growingsmallfirms,whichholdsbackproductivity,accordingtoarecentreportby

GoldmanSachs.Furtherincentivestoinvestwereputinplacethroughareductionin

corporationtax,whichwillfallto17%by2020,oneofthelowestratesintherichworld.

Greatercertaintyoverfuturetaxpolicyiswelcomedbybusinessfblk.Thebigdownside

forallfirmsistheever-increasingcomplexityofthetaxcode:MrOsbornesmashedhis

ownrecordbyintroducinganastonishing86taxmeasuresinthebudget.Theseplans

maymarginallyimprovecompetitivenessinthelongterm,butfornowtheyarclikelyto

favouroldiesoveryoungsters.Loweringcapital-gainstaxbenefitsthosewithassetsinthe

firstplace.Addintheincreaseinthepersonaltax-allowanceandariseinthethreshold

forpayingahigherrateofincometax—fromwhichricher(andolder)typeswillbenefit

morethanpooryoungsters-andmanypoliciesseemskewedagainsttheyoung.

36、AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsMrOsborne's

determination?

A、Appreciative.

B、Skeptical.

C、Contemptuous.

D、Optimistic.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:(1)根据题干关键词定位至第1段,题干中“Osborne的决心”照应第1

段最后一句:任何事情都无法阻断其改革的进程。(2)首先,作者认为,他的改革

“适得其反”“经济放缓”“人们的担心使他取消了养老金的改革”,这些语句流露出作

者的消极评价和态度。(3)再从全文的其他段落看,作者指出了他改革的问题所

在。综合这些信息,确定选项[B|为最佳答案。

37、Mr.Orsbornenotesthatstructuralreformsarebeinginitiatedto

A、keepaleadingpositionintheglobalmarket.

B、relievefuturegenerationsoffinancialburdens.

C、redefinegovernment'sroleinbudgetallocation.

D、boostthecompetitivenessofBritisheconomy.

标准答案:D

知识点解析:⑴本题题干“发起结构性改革”对应第2段的“implementingthe

structuralreforms''o(2)根据文章,“进行结构性改革是正确的辜措,其目的是为了

增强英国的竞争力''(第2段:morecompetitive)^⑶作者在最后一段再次提到,

Osborne的计划的确可以稍微提高竞争力,这说明竞争力是一个关键概念。综合这

些信息,确定选项[D]为最佳答案。

38、Theword"tweaked"(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto

A^placedahighvalueon.

B、indicatedthestateof

C、madeadjustmentsto.

D、stoodinfavourof.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:(1)根据题干关键词定位至第3段。(2)iweak的本义为“拧;微调”,与

turn,twist相关联。(3)从文章来看,“遵守协定,奥斯本……与税收有关的规定”。

该段主要谈论的话题文眼是改革(reforms),这说明tweak与reforms相关。综合这

些分析,确定选项[C]为最佳答案。

39、ItisindicatedinParagraph4thattheprospectivetaxationsystemwillmostbenefit

A、bigcompanies.

B、richeconomies.

C^smallfirms.

D、taxcollectors.

标准答案:c

知识点解析:(1)根据题干关键词定位至第4段。(2)根据文章,“小公司对Osborne

的政策会十分欣喜''(第4段:happy),“小公司可以获得税收的减免”(第4段:

relief),“小公司感觉像发了横财一样”(第4段:windfall)。综合这些内容,确定选

项[0为最佳答案。

40TheauthorimpliesinParagraph6thatforthemomentMr.Orsbornc'spolicieswill

be

A、supportiveoffreecompetition.

B、over-simplifiedintaxmeasures.

C、prejudicedagainsttheyoung.

D、cautiousaboutahighthreshold.

标准答案:c-

知识点解析:(I)根据题干关键词定位至第6段。题干中forthemoment(目前)照应

原文的fornow。(2)根据文章,“计划偏向了年老一代人”(第6段:favour),“不少

政策都对年轻人不利”(第6段:skewedagainst)o(3)其实,政策对年轻人不利的内

容在第2段就有所暗示,“Osborne的政策有望减轻年轻人的负担”(第2段:

Lesseningtheburden),但“适得其反”(第1段)。综合这些内容,确定选项[C]为最佳

答案。

三、阅读(补全短文)(本题共5题,每题1.0分,共

5分。)

[A]Ifthatisthecase,youcandropcasualhintstojogtheirmemory:"Ienjoyedtalking

withyouaboutPDAsintheelevatortheotherday."[B]I'mannoyedwhenpeoplesend

bulke-mailswithattachedPDForWorddocumentsthatcontainnothingmorethanafew

paragraphsofordinarytext.I'dmuchrathergetaplaintextmessage,wit

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