高考词汇讲与练1

A

Listl

ablea,有能力的，能够的

常用短语:beableto-能够做……

词族：enablevt,使能够；使成为可能enablesb.tcdosth,使某人能做某事

disablevt.使残疾；使无资格；使失去能力

disabilityn.残疾

abilityn.能力

unablea.不能的，不会的

ablyad.精明能干地

词汇辨析：beableto与can

can指一般性能力，也可指可能性（用干疑问或否定句中表示猜测）°只有两种形式can和

could

beableto着重指经过努力而能做某事。有多种时态变化。

abandonvt.抛弃；遗弃

常用搭配：abandononeself自暴自弃abandononeselftoemotion意气用事

abandononeselftogrief悲痛万分abancononeselftopassions恣情放纵

abandononeselftovice自甘堕落abandononeselftodespair悲观绝望

词族：abandonmentn.抛弃；放纵abandoneda.被抛弃的

abandoneen.遗弃者abandoneen.被遗弃者

abnormala.反常的；变态的

词族：abnormallyad.反常地；不规则地

abnormalityn.异常;畸形；变态

aboardad.&prep,在（飞机；汽车；火车；船等）上，（喻）新入伙

常见搭配：welcomeaboard欢迎搭乘

abolishvt.废除;取消

常见搭配：abolishbadcustoms废除陋习abolishalaw废除一部法律

abolishatonestroke一笔勾销

词族：abolitionn.废除

abolishablea,可废除的

abolisheda.被废除的

词汇辨析：cancel与abclish

cancel一般用语，多指取消安排，计划，合同或债务等。

abolish正式用语，指彻底废除某种规章制度或习俗。

1.Theotherday.Ihurriedtotheairporttocatchmyflightbookedseveraldaysbeforeonlyto

betoldthatithadbeenfornoreason.

2.1learnedfrommyhistoryclassthatslaverywasintheUSinthe1860s.

(key1.Cancelled2.abolished)

abortionn,堕胎；流产的胎儿；（计划等）失败

常见搭配：inducedabortion人工流产haoitualabortion习惯性流产

词族：abortv.（使）流产,发育不全abortionistn.（非法）为人堕胎者

abortivelyad.流产地；失败地abortivea.流产的；失败的

aboutad.大约；四周；闲着prep.关于；围绕a.正要••…的；四处走动的

常见搭配：howabout-?你认为……怎么样？Whatabout--?……怎么样?

beabouttodo-正要去做goabout四处闲逛

allabout关于……的全部；到处

abovead.在（向）上；超过;上文prep.高于；胜过；偏向于；优先于n.上述内

容，上述人员

常用短语：aboveall首要aboveoneself趾高气扬

wellabove远超overandabove除,•…夕卜，在……之上

abroadad.在（到）海外n.国外a.往国外的

常见搭配:athomeandabroad在国内外goabroad出国

abrupta.突然的；唐突的;陡峭的

abruptchange陡变abruptslope陡坡

词族：abruptlyad.突然地；唐突地abruptnessn.唐突；突然；粗鲁无礼

abruptionn.中断

词汇应用，根据句意用上面单词的正确形式填空

1.Thelocalgovernmentplannedtobuildabridgeovertheriver.However,theplanwas

becauseoffinancialproblems

2.Therearemanybadpoliciesabouteducationwhichoughttobe.

3.Buyershavewithdrawnfromthemarketinviewoftheturnofthetrendofprices.

4.You'vetraveledalot,Jim,sowouldyouliketotellmesomethingaboutclearing

customswhenarrivinginacountry?

5.Insomecountriesisillegalbecausetheythin<itisanactionofkillingababy.

6.Anairplanewasreportedtohavecrashedwithover20Cpassengers.

7.Theropeyoutorescueyourselfwhenclimbthemountain

8.Ifyoudosomethingtothebestofyouryousparenoefforttodoit.

9.Iknowyou'remesocially,butImustsayIfindyourattitudeoffensive.

10.Everyonebegantoruntofindsomeplacessafeenoughwhentheyrealizedthe

buildingwasshaking.

11.Theoldmanwassenttothehospitalbecausehisbloodpressurewashigh.

12.Weshouldn'tourselvesnomatterhowdifficultthesituationis.

Keys1abandoned2abolished3abrupt4abroad5abortion6aboard7enables8ability9

above10about11abnormally12abandon

List2

absenta.缺席的；心不在焉的

常用短语beabsentfrom-缺席……

absent-minded心不在焉的，走神的

intheabsenceof"在没有•…时；在……不在时

词族：absencen.缺席;缺乏；不注意absentlyad.心不在焉地

absolutea.绝对的;完全

常见搭配：absolutecontrol绝对控制absolutemajority绝对多数

词族：absolutelyad,绝对地；完全地

absorbvt.吸收；使…全神贯注

常见搭配:beabsorbedin-全神贯注于……

词族：absorptionn.吸收；全神贯注

absorbeda.被吸收的；专心的

abstractvt.提取;抽象；使心不在焉n.摘要;抽象的概念；抽象派作品a.抽象的

常用短语：abstractawayfrom-对…不予考虑

intheabstract概括地；理论上

词族：abstractionn.抽象概念；空想

abstracteda.心不在焉的；出神的

abstractlyad.抽象地

absurda.怪诞的；荒谬的

词族：absurdityn.荒谬；荒谬的言行absurdlyad.荒谬地；出奇地

abundanta,丰富的；充裕的

常见短语：beabundantin-=aboundin.......含量丰富

anabundan-supply/amount/numberofAS

词族：aboundvi,丰富；盛产abundancen.大量；充足

abundantlyad,丰富地

abusevt.滥用，虐待;辱骂n.滥用；虐待

常见搭配：emotionalabuse精神虐待physicalabuse身体虐待

verbalabuse言语虐待childabuse虐待儿童abuseofpower滥用权力

词族：abusern.施虐者；滥用者

academica.学术的；学院的；理论的n.大学生；学者；

词族：academyn.学院；研究院

acceleratev.（使）加速；加快

词族：accelerationn.加速；促进accelerativea.加速的；促进的

accentn.口音；音调；重读;重音符号vt.强调；带口音讲

acceptvt.接受；承认;承兑；容纳vi.接受；同意

词族：acceptablea.可接受的acceptancen.接受，接纳

acceptablyad.欣然接受地

accessn.使用权；探望权；通道；进入vt.接近;使用；访问

常见搭配：haveaccessto••能使用/进入…

词族：accessiblea.可进入的；易接近的

Completethefollowingsentenceswiththerightformofthegivenwordsinthebox.

absorbabsurdabundantabuseaccessacceptabsoluteaccelerate

1.1wastoldthatSouthKoreanpassportsprovidevisa-freetomorethan160countries.

2.NotallpartsoftheintelorofAustraliaareeasilybecauseitisveryhotandnot

manypeoplelivethere.

3.Shewasaccusedofcontinuallyherpositionbygettingotherpeopletodothings

forher.

4.Iguessthatsomepeopledon'tknowthefacetha:VitaminDisnecessarytoaidthe

ofcalciumfromfood.

5.Asurveyoftheopinionsofthestudentsshowsthattwohoursofphysicalexerciseadayis

inourcampus.

6.Theactor'sbehaviorputanendtohispopularity.

7.Don'ttakeanymedicineunlessit,snecessary.

8.ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhenberriesandstonefruitsarein.

9.Thoughsmall,thecountryhasplantsfromdesertgrassestotropicaljungle.

10.Itisreportedthatmoreeffortswillbemadeintheyearsaheadtotheagricultural

reform.

Keys1.access2accessible3abusing4absorption5acceptable6absurd7absoutely

8abundance9abundant10accelerate.

List3

accidentn.（意夕卜）事故

常见短语：byaccident偶然accicentinsurance意外保险

词族：accidentala.意外的；偶然的accidentallyad.偶然地；意外地

accommodatevt.使适应，提供食宿，容纳

词族：accommodationn.住处；食宿

accompanyvt.陪伴；与…同时发生

常见短语：accompanywith-伴随着…

accompanyby-；伴奏；在…的陪同下

词族：accompanimentn.伴奏；伴随物accompanistn,伴随者；伴奏者

accomplishvt,完成；实现；达到

常见搭配：accomplishnothing一事无成

词族：accomplishmentn.成就；完成accomplishablea,可完成的

accordinga,相符的；相应的

常见短语：accordingtoad.根据

词族：accordinglyad.相应地；因此accordancen.按照；依据；一致

accountvt,认为vi.解释；报账n,账户；理由；解释

常见短语：take“intoaccount考虑到…onaccountof…因为…

onnoaccount绝不；在任何情况下都不onallaccounts无论如何

onone'saccount因为某人的缘故takeaccountof-考虑…

by/fromallaccounts据说；根据各方面所说accountfor-解释…；占比

词族：accountantn.会计师accountablea.有责任的；有解释义务的

accumulatevt.&vi.积累；积攒

词族：accumulationn,堆积物；积聚accumulativea.累积的accumulatively

ad.累积地

accuracyn.准确；精准

词族：accuratea精准的；准确的accuratelyad.精准地；准确地

accusevt.指控

常见搭配：accusesomeoneof指控某人某事

词族：accusationn.控告；指控

accustomeda.习惯的；惯常的

常见短语：beaccustomedto-习惯于…g是介词）

Completethefollowingsentenceswiththerightformofthegivenwordsinthebox.

accustomedaccuracyaccordingaccuseaccompany

accumulateaccidentaccountaccommodateaccomplish

1.Hegotintothetroubleofbeingofmurderinghiswife.

2.Thegovernmentdeniedthethatitwasinvolvedinthemurder.

3.Idon'tbelievehisturningupwas.Hemusthaveknownthatthegirlhewas

goingafterwouldbethere.

4.Itusuallytakesmanyfreshmenseveraldaysorweekstogettotheirnewschool

life.

5.Urbanplannersinpracticehavetotakeofmanyinterestgroupsinsociety.

6.Someofthelawswerecontradictory.,measuresweretakentoclarifythem.

7.United,wecandomanythings:divided,wenothing.

8.Itisunjustthataprivilegedfewshouldcontinuetowealth.Andthatswhyour

governmentdecidestocarryoutthepolicytopreventthericherbecomingricher.

9.Itisdifficulttogetfiguresofthepopulationofacountry.

10.Wehavetofindaplacelargeenoughtoover1,000people.

11.Yourpassportapplicationformshouldbebytworecentphotographs.

12.Agoodissupposedtobefamiliarwiththefinancialproblemsofthecompany

andcananalyzeanunprofitableoperationquickly.

Keys:1accused2accusation3accidental4accustomed5account6Accordingly7accomplish

8accumulate9accurate10accommodate11accompanied12accountant

List4

achen.&vi.疼痛；

常用搭配：achefor想念；渴望

acheallover全身痛

achievevt.实现；取得（成就）；达成

常用搭配：achieveone'sgoal实现目标achievesuccess获取成功

词族：achievementn.成就；完成

achievablea,可达成的

acida.酸的

常见搭配：acidrain酸雨acidtaste酸味acidsmell酸气味

词族：acidifyvt.（使）酸化

acknowledgevt,承认；答谢

词族：acknowledgementn,承认；确认；答谢

acknowledgeda.公认的

acquaintancen.熟人了解；知道

常用短语：maketheacquaintanceof…结识…acquaintancew让h…相识

词族：acquaintanta,相识的；熟悉的

acquaintvt.使熟悉

acquirevt,获得；得到；学到

词族：acquirementr.取得；学得

acquisitionn.获得;得到

acren,英亩

acrossprep.横过；穿过acrosstheboard全面地；包揽一切地

actn.法令；行为；（戏剧等的）幕v.行动；起作用；扮演；担任

常用短语：actas担当…

acton/upon对……起作用；照••行事

intheactof-正在做…时

词族：actionn.行动；行为

activityn.活动

activea.积极的；主动的

activelyad.积极地

actorn.男演员

actressn.女演员

activatevt.激发；刺激

actuala.实际的；事实的

词族：actualityn.现状；现实

actuallyad.事实上

Completethefollowingsentenceswiththerightformofthegivenwordsinthebox.

(achieveactacquaintanceacrossacheactualacknowledgeacquire

|acid|

1.Mr.Thomastoldmethathemadetheofseveralbigbugsinthelocalgovernment

andguaranteedtogettheprojectbidding.

2.Tothegetthetaskcompletedperfectly,youwillfirstneedtoyourselfwiththefiling

system.

3.Althoughwehavealwaysbeentoldthatallpeopleareequal,youhavetothat

weliveinaracistsociety.

4.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanofthefactthatwehavea

longwaytogoinourlanguageeducation.

5.Youmayaswelltobeonguardagainstyourcolleaguesbecausetheymightwellbeprepared

todoyouharminordertctheirpurpose.

6.Itisoftenagoodideatostartwithasmaller,easilygoals.

7.Whatmattersisnotwhatyousaybutthewayyousayitandyouwhichcannotbe

changedbywatchingavideo.

8.AlthoughIdidn,tthinkI'dlikethemovie,itwasprettygood.

9.ThepriceofporkinChinaisgoingdowntheboardthankstothepolicyofthe

government.

10.Ittookhimalongtimetotheskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.

11.AsIdidn'thavebreakfast,mystomachstartedto.

12.Thebiggestchallengefacedwiththegovernmentistofindtheproperwaytopreventthe

raincausedbytheseverepollution.

Keys:1acquaintance2acquaint3acknowledge4acknowledgement5achieve6

achievable7act8actually9across10acquire11ache12acid

List5

acutea,十分严重的；（病）急性的

常用搭配：acuteeyesight敏锐的视觉

anacuteattackof........急性发作

词族：acutenessn.敏捷

acutely尖锐地；激烈地

词汇辨析：acute与critical两者均有“严重的”之意。

acute常指十分严重，可带来严重问题甚至巨大破坏。

critical意为"关键的"，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点

1.Itisthatyoustudyhardfortheexamoryouwillfailit.

2.AnlackoffoodbroughthungertotheAfghans.

（keys1.critical2.acute）

advertisementn.广告：宣传

常见搭配：putanadvertisementinthenewspaper在报纸上登广告

词族：advertisevt.打广告；为…宣传

advertise•or"（在公共媒体上）公布…；征聘……

adaptvt.（使）适应；改编

常用搭配：adaptoneselfto-使某人适应某事

adapt-for-（使）…适应/适合（新用途或新情况）

beadaptedfor-改编成…

词族：adaptationn,适应；改编本

adaptivea,适应的；适合的

adaptablea,很适应的

词汇辨析：adapt与adjust:"适应；使适合"

adapt指人或物在原有嗜况下作某些改变以适应不同环境或新用途，强调改变的目的和重

要性

adjust为了达到新要求或适应新环境而进行的细微调整，主要用于调整高度；角度或光点

等

1.Wecanthestylestosuitindividualtastes.

2.Ittookafewsecondsforhiseyestotothedarkness.

（keys1adapt2adjust）

addv.把…加起来；添加

常用短语：

addto增加

add-to,"把…加到…上

addup总计

addupto...总计达

词族：additionn.添加；加法；添加物inaddition此外

withtheadditionof-夕卜加……

additionala.额外的：附加的

additionallyad.此外；又；加之

addicteda,上瘾的；沉溺于（某种不良）嗜好的

常用短语beaddictedto-对……上瘾

词族：addictionn,沉溺；上瘾

addictvt.使上瘾；使沉迷

addictivea,使人上瘾的

addictivelyad.上瘾地

addressn.地址；演讲vt.写（收信人）地址；演说；致词

adequatea.充足的；胜任的；

常用搭配

beadequatefor-胜任…；对…是足够的

adequatepreparation充分准备；

adequateconsideration充分考虑

词族：adequacyn,足够；适当

adequatelyad.充分地：足够地

adjustv.调整；校准；使…适合adjustto-适合…

词族：adjustmentn,