2026年北师大版高一英语第12单元词汇巩固习题

2026年北师大版高一英语第12单元词汇巩固习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Accordingtothe2026NorthNormalUniversityeditionGrade11EnglishUnit12vocabularyreview,whatdoestheword"bureaucracy"typicallyrefertoinasentencelike"Thecompany'sbureaucracymadethedecision-makingprocessslowandinefficient"?A.Agroupofpeoplewhoworktogetherinanorganization.B.Thesystemofrulesandproceduresthatcontrolhowagovernmentororganizationworks.C.Atypeofofficeequipmentusedfordataprocessing.D.Theskillofmanagingpeopleeffectivelyinabusinesssetting.Answer:BExplanation:InthecontextofUnit12,"bureaucracy"isdefinedasthecomplexsystemofrules,regulations,andofficialsthatgovernsanorganizationorgovernment.OptionAdescribesateam,optionCreferstoofficemachinery,andoptionDrelatestoleadershipskills,noneofwhichmatchtheintendedmeaning.Thecorrectansweralignswiththeunit'sfocusonorganizationalstructuresandprocesses.2.Thephrase"tohitthenailonthehead"inapassageaboutUnit12'stopic"EnvironmentalProtection"suggests:A.Accidentallydamaginganailwhileworking.B.Makingapreciseandaccuratestatementordecision.C.Usingahammertofixanailincorrectly.D.Celebratingasuccessfulconstructionproject.Answer:BExplanation:Thisidiommeanstobeexactlyrightoraccurate,whichisrelevanttoUnit12'semphasisonpreciselanguageinenvironmentaldiscussions.OptionAandCdescribephysicalactionsunrelatedtothephrase'sfigurativemeaning,whileoptionDintroducesanunrelatedscenario.Theunitlikelyincludesidiomsaspartofadvancedvocabulary.3.Inthesentence"Thegovernment'spolicyaimstomitigateclimatechangebyreducingcarbonemissions,"whatdoes"mitigate"bestconvey?A.Tomakesomethingworseormoresevere.B.Totakeactiontoreducetheseverityofsomethingharmful.C.Todelaytheimplementationofapolicy.D.Toincreasetheimpactofenvironmentalproblems.Answer:BExplanation:"Mitigate"meanstomakeaproblemlesssevere,aconceptcentraltoUnit12'senvironmentalthemes.OptionAcontradictsthemeaning,whileoptionsCandDintroduceunrelatedideas.Theunitlikelydiscussesenvironmentalpolicies,makingthisvocabularyessential.4.Theword"sustainable"inthecontextof"sustainabledevelopment"refersto:A.Somethingthatlastsforaveryshorttime.B.Amethodofdevelopmentthatmeetscurrentneedswithoutharmingfuturegenerations.C.Anunsustainablepracticethatcausesrapidpollution.D.Atemporarysolutiontoenvironmentalissues.Answer:BExplanation:"Sustainable"isakeyterminUnit12,oftenpairedwith"development"todiscusslong-termenvironmentalresponsibility.OptionAandDdescribeshort-termortemporarystates,whileoptionCpresentstheoppositeofsustainability.Theunitlikelyexploreseco-friendlypractices.5.Ifastudentwrites,"Thelocalcommunityactivelyparticipatesinrecyclingprogramstoconservenaturalresources,"whichwordbestdescribestheiraction?A."Pollute"B."Preserve"C."Deplete"D."Exploit"Answer:BExplanation:"Preserve"alignswithUnit12'sfocusonconservationefforts.OptionA("pollute")isnegative,whileoptionsC("deplete")andD("exploit")suggestharmfulresourceuse,contradictingthesentence'spositivetone.Theunitlikelyemphasizesenvironmentalstewardship.6.Thephrase"adouble-edgedsword"inadiscussionaboutrenewableenergymightimply:A.Renewableenergyhasnobenefits.B.Renewableenergyoffersbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.C.Renewableenergyisalwaysharmfultotheenvironment.D.Renewableenergyisexclusivelyusedindevelopedcountries.Answer:BExplanation:Thisidiommeanssomethinghastwoopposingeffects,aconceptrelevanttoUnit12'sbalancedviewofenvironmentalsolutions.OptionAandCpresentextreme,one-sidedperspectives,whileoptionDintroducesageographicallimitationunrelatedtotheidiom.Theunitlikelyexplorestrade-offsinenvironmentalpolicies.7.Inthesentence"Thenewlawrequiresfactoriestoinstallcarboncapturesystems,"whatdoes"capture"indicate?A.Todestroyharmfulgases.B.Tocollectandstorecarbondioxidetoreduceemissions.C.Tosellcarboncreditsforprofit.D.Toignoreenvironmentalregulations.Answer:BExplanation:"Capture"inthiscontextmeanstotrapcarbondioxide,akeytopicinUnit12'senvironmentaldiscussions.OptionAistoovague,whileoptionsCandDintroduceunrelatedeconomicorregulatoryconcepts.Theunitlikelycoversindustrialpollutioncontrol.8.Theword"alleviate"in"Thegovernment'splanwillalleviatepovertyinruralareas"suggests:A.Toworseneconomicconditions.B.Toreduceorrelievesufferingorhardship.C.Todelaypovertyreductionefforts.D.Toincreasegovernmentspendingunnecessarily.Answer:BExplanation:"Alleviate"meanstomakeaproblemlesssevere,fittingUnit12'ssocialthemes.OptionAcontradictsthemeaning,whileoptionsCandDintroduceunrelatedideas.Theunitmayaddresssocialissuesalongsideenvironmentaltopics.9.Ifapassagestates,"DeforestationcontributestoclimatechangebyreducingtheEarth'scapacitytoabsorbcarbondioxide,"whatistheprimarycausementioned?A.Increasedindustrialactivity.B.ThelossoftreesthatabsorbCO₂.C.Risingsealevels.D.Governmentinaction.Answer:BExplanation:Thepassagehighlightsdeforestation'simpactoncarbonabsorption,acoreconceptinUnit12.OptionAandDintroduceexternalfactors,whileoptionCdescribesaconsequenceratherthanacause.Theunitlikelyexploresecologicalrelationships.10.Thephrase"tosetanexample"inthecontextofenvironmentalactivismmeans:A.Tocriticizeothersfornotbeingeco-friendly.B.Todemonstrateresponsiblebehaviortoinspireothers.C.Tofailtofollowenvironmentalguidelines.D.Toavoidpublicattentiontoenvironmentalissues.Answer:BExplanation:Thisidiommeanstoactasarolemodel,athemeinUnit12'semphasisonindividualresponsibility.OptionAandCdescribenegativeactions,whileoptionDcontradictsactivism.Theunitlikelypromotesgrassrootsenvironmentalmovements.二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.The2026NorthNormalUniversityGrade11EnglishUnit12vocabularyincludestheword"______,"whichmeanstograduallyreducesomethingharmfulovertime.Answer:mitigateExplanation:Theunitlikelydiscussesenvironmentalorsocialissuesrequiringgradualsolutions,making"mitigate"arelevantterm.Thewordfitsthecontextofreducingharmwithoutimmediatedrasticchanges.2.Inadiscussionaboutsustainablecities,theterm"______"referstobuildingsdesignedtominimizeenvironmentalimpactthroughenergy-efficientdesigns.Answer:greenbuildingsExplanation:Unit12maycoverurbansustainability,where"greenbuildings"areakeyconcept.Thetermalignswitheco-friendlyconstructionpracticesemphasizedinenvironmentaleducation.3.Thephrase"______"meanstocausesomethingtobecomeworseormoresevere,oftenusedincritiquesofenvironmentalpolicies.Answer:exacerbateExplanation:Theunitmightincludecriticalperspectivesonenvironmentalfailures,making"exacerbate"asuitabletermforworseningproblems.4.Whenascientistsays,"Thestudyshowsacorrelationbetweendeforestationandincreasedlocaltemperatures,"theword"______"indicatesarelationshipbutnotnecessarilycausation.Answer:correlationExplanation:Unit12couldexplorescientificresearchonenvironmentallinks,where"correlation"isafundamentalstatisticalterm.5.Theidiom"______"isoftenusedtodescribeasituationwhereasolutiontooneproblemcreatesanotherproblem,suchasdamconstructionaffectingdownstreamecosystems.Answer:adouble-edgedswordExplanation:Theunitmaydiscusstrade-offsinenvironmentalsolutions,makingthisidiomrelevanttocomplexpolicydebates.6.Theword"______"meanstoprotectsomethingfromdamageordestruction,akeygoalinwildlifeconservationefforts.Answer:preserveExplanation:Unit12likelyincludestopicslikebiodiversity,where"preserve"isacentraltermforsafeguardingspeciesandhabitats.7.Inthesentence"Thecompany'ssustainabilityreporthighlightsitseffortstoreducewaterconsumption,"theword"______"indicatestheactofusinglesswater.Answer:conserveExplanation:Theunitmayfocusoncorporateenvironmentalresponsibility,making"conserve"arelevanttermforresourcemanagement.8.Thephrase"______"meanstotakeactiontoreducetheseverityofaproblem,suchasimplementingstricterpollutioncontrols.Answer:alleviateExplanation:Unit12coulddiscusspolicymeasures,where"alleviate"fitsactionsaimedatreducingenvironmentalharm.9.Whenajournalistwrites,"Thenewlawaimstomitigatetheeffectsofclimatechange,"theword"______"suggestsreducingtheimpactoftheproblem.Answer:mitigateExplanation:Theunitmaycoverlegislativeresponsestoenvironmentalchallenges,making"mitigate"akeytermforpolicygoals.10.Theidiom"______"isusedtodescribeasituationwhereaperson'sactionsinspireotherstofollowsuit,suchasacommunityleaderpromotingrecycling.Answer:tosetanexampleExplanation:Unit12mightexploregrassrootsactivism,wherethisidiomreflectsleadershipinenvironmentalmovements.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Theword"bureaucracy"alwaysreferstoanegativesystemofrulesinorganizations.Answer:FalseExplanation:Whilebureaucracycanbeinefficient,theunitlikelypresentsitasaneutralorcomplexsystem,notinherentlynegative.Thequestiontestsunderstandingofnuancedvocabulary.2.Theidiom"tohitthenailonthehead"iscommonlyusedinformalacademicwriting.Answer:FalseExplanation:Thisidiomisinformalandmoresuitedtocasualorcreativewriting,aconcepttheunitmayaddressinlanguageusage.3."Sustainabledevelopment"and"sustainable"alwaysmeanthesamethinginenvironmentalcontexts.Answer:FalseExplanation:Theunitlikelydistinguishesbetweenthebroaderconceptof"development"andtheadjective"sustainable,"requiringcarefulvocabularydifferentiation.4.Theword"alleviate"issynonymouswith"increase"intermsofproblemseverity.Answer:FalseExplanation:"Alleviate"meanstoreduceseverity,theoppositeof"increase,"makingthisavocabularydistinctiontest.5."Correlation"impliesthatoneeventdirectlycausesanotherinscientificstudies.Answer:FalseExplanation:Theunitmayclarifythatcorrelationdoesnotequalcausation,acriticalstatisticalconcept.6.Thephrase"adouble-edgedsword"suggestsasolutionhasonlypositiveeffects.Answer:FalseExplanation:Thisidiomhighlightsbothbenefitsanddrawbacks,soclaimingithasonlypositiveeffectsisincorrect.7."Preserve"and"conserve"areinterchangeabletermsinenvironmentalcontexts.Answer:FalseExplanation:Theunitlikelyexplainssubtledifferences,suchas"preserve"focusingonprotectionand"conserve"onefficientuse.8.Theword"mitigate"iscommonlyusedineverydayconversationsaboutenvironmentalissues.Answer:TrueExplanation:"Mitigate"isaccessibleinpublicdiscourseonclimateaction,atopictheunitmayemphasize.9."Tosetanexample"meanstoavoidpublicattentiontoone'sactions.Answer:FalseExplanation:Thisidiommeanstoinspireothersthroughbehavior,soclaimingitavoidsattentioniscontradictory.10.Theterm"greenbuildings"referstobuildingsmadeentirelyofrecycledmaterials.Answer:FalseExplanation:Theunitlikelydefines"greenbuildings"asenergy-efficient,notnecessarilymadeofrecycledmaterials,requiringprecisevocabularyunderstanding.四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"mitigate"and"exacerbate"inthecontextofenvironmentalpolicy.Answer:-"Mitigate"meanstoreducetheseverityofaproblem,suchasimplementingcarboncapturetolessenclimatechange.-"Exacerbate"meanstomakeaproblemworse,likedeforestationincreasinglocaltemperatures.Explanation:Theunitlikelycontrastsproactive(mitigate)andnegative(exacerbate)actionsinenvironmentalmanagement.2.Howdoestheidiom"adouble-edgedsword"applytorenewableenergydevelopment?Answer:-Renewableenergyreducesfossilfueldependencebutmaydisruptecosystemsorrequirelandusechanges.Explanation:Theunitmayexplorerenewableenergy'strade-offs,makingthisidiomrelevant.3.Describethemeaningof"sustainabledevelopment"andwhyitisimportant.Answer:-Sustainabledevelopmentmeetscurrentneedswithoutharmingfuturegenerations,balancingeconomic,social,andenvironmentalgoals.Explanation:Theunitlikelyemphasizeslong-termecologicalresponsibility,makingthisacoreconcept.4.Whatdoes"correlation"implyinscientificresearch,andwhyisitimportant?Answer:-Correlationindicatesarelationshipbetweenvariablesbutnotcausation,crucialforavoidingfalseconclusionsinstudies.Explanation:Theunitmaycoverscientificmethods,requiringunderstandingofstatisticalterms.5.Howdoes"tosetanexample"contributetoenvironmentalactivism?Answer:-Leadersorcommunitiesdemonstratingeco-friendlybehaviorinspireotherstofollow,amplifyinggrassrootsmovements.Explanation:Theunitmaydiscussactivismstrategies,makingthisidiomakeyconcept.6.Explaintheroleof"greenbuildings"inurbansustainability.Answer:-Greenbuildingsuseenergy-efficientdesignstoreduceenvironmentalimpact,promotingsustainablecities.Explanation:Theunitlikelycoversurbanplanning,where"greenbuildings"areamajortopic.7.Whatisthesignificanceof"preserving"naturalhabitatsinbiodiversityconservation?Answer:-Preservinghabitatsprotectsspeciesfromextinctionandmaintainsecologicalbalance.Explanation:Theunitmayaddresswildlifeprotection,making"preserve"acriticalterm.8.Howdoes"alleviatepoverty"relatetoenvironmentaljustice?Answer:-Reducingpovertyinmarginalizedareascanlowerrelianceonunsustainablepractices,linkingsocialandenvironmentalequity.Explanation:Theunitmayexploreintersectionalissues,makingthisconnectionrelevant.五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.CaseStudy:Alocalgovernmentproposesapolicyto"mitigate"airpollutionbyreducingindustrialemissions.Writeaparagraphexplaininghowthispolicymightworkanditspotentialbenefits.Answer:-Thepolicycouldrequirefactoriestoinstallfiltersorswitchtocleanerenergy,reducingpollutants.Benefitsincludeimprovedairquality,lowerhealthrisks,andenvironmentalcompliance.Explanation:Theunitlikelydiscussespolicyimplementation,requiringpracticalvocabularyapplication.2.Scenario:Astudentwritesanessayon"sustainablecities,"usingthephrase"adouble-edgedsword"todescribeurbangreenspaces.Explainhowthisidiomapplies.Answer:-Greenspacesimproveairqualitybutmaydisplacecommunitiesorrequirelandusechanges,showcasingbothbenefitsanddrawbacks.Explanation:Theunitmaycoverurbanplanningdilemmas,makingthisscenariorelevant.3.Problem:Ascientistobserves"correlation"betweendeforestationandincreasedrainfallinaregion.Explainhowthisfindingmightbeinterpreted.Answer:-Thecorrelationsuggestsarelationshipbutnotcausation;furtherresearchisneededtodetermineiftreesaffectrainfallorviceversa.Explanation:Theunitlikelyemphasizesscientificrigor,requiringcarefulinterpretationofdata.4.Task:Acommunityleaderwantsto"setanexample"byreducingplasticwaste.Describetwoactionstheycouldtake.Answer:-Organizingrecyclingdrivesorreplacingsingle-useitemswithreusablealternatives.Explanation:Theunitmayfocusonactivism,requiringpracticalapplicationoftheidiom.5.Analysis:Explainhow"greenbuildings"contributetoenergyconservationincities.Answer:-Featureslikesolarpanelsandefficientinsulationreduceelectricityuse,loweringcarbonemissionsandcosts.Explanation:Theunitlikelycoverssustainableinfrastructure,makingthisanalysisrelevant.6.Debate:Discusswhether"preserving"endangeredspeciesismoreimportantthan"conserving"naturalhabitats.Providearationale.Answer:-Preservingspeciesensuresbiodiversity,buthabitatssupportmultiplespecies;abalanceisidealforecologicalhealth.Explanation:Theunitmayexploreethicaldilemmas,requiringnuancedvocabularyuse.7.Solution:Afactory'semissions"exacerbate"localpollution.Suggesttwowaystomitigatethisissue.Answer:-Installingpollutioncontroltechnologyorswitchingtorenewableenergysources.Explanation:Theunitlikelyaddressesindustrialchallenges,requiringproblem-solvingvocabulary.8.Reflection:Howdoes"alleviatingpoverty"inruralareasrelatetoenvironmentalsustainability?Answer:-Reduc