定语从句(授课)

1、The Attributive Clause 定语从句,定义及其作用： 定语从句是又称形容词性从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。,定语从句,定语从句,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句的构成,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. You must do eve

2、rything that I do. I have found the book which I lost. I visited the school where I studied.,关系代词 关系副词,注意事项: 1.从句的位置: 2.翻译方法: 3.构成：,先行词 之后,“.的”,关系词,先行词,关系词,定语从句后置,The day came at last when I went to college. He laughs best who laughs last. He is the only one of the teachers who comes from Qingdao.,T

3、he man who lives next to us sells vegetables.,先行词,放置于名词之_，修饰 名词的从句,关系词,连接作用,1.,2.,在从句中充当成分,后,引导定语从句的关系词,指代人 who，whom，that 指代事物 which，that, as 所属关系 whose，of which 指地点 where 指时间 when 指原因 why,关系代词,关系副词,先行词和关系词的关系,A plane is a machine that can fly. The boy who broke the window is called Tom. The boy who

4、se parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. The school where I study is far from my home.,the machine = that,the boy =who,the boys =whose,in the school = where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词 whose 实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.,先行词和关

5、系词的关系,Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,the machine,a machine,Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,a machine,that /which,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences: The girl i

6、s Mary. We saw her yesterday.,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences

7、: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary

8、.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. The girl that / who we saw yesterday is Mary.,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,关系代词的用法

9、练习,1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday. 2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night. 3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parents farm. 4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them. 5.I dont like the people. They smoke a lot.,The eggs (that/which) I bought them we

10、re not fresh.,The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry.,.He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parents farm.,The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.,I dont like the people that / who they smoke a lot.,关系副词和先行词的关系,I still remember the day when

11、I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. I dont like the way that you speak.,on the day =when,in the house= where,for the reasons =why,in the way =that,关系副词实际上是“介词先行词”,1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget

12、 the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave.,when /on which,which,where/ in which,which,why/ for which,that/which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,难用的 whose,The

13、teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.,The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.,Join the following pair of sentences.,whose =the students,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,难用的 whose,The house is mine. The window of the house is broken.,Join the following

14、pair of sentences.,The house whose window is broken is mine.,whose=the houses window,The house is mine.,the window of which is broken,of which the window is broken,非限制性定语从句,The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr

15、Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,Please compare:,非限制性定语从句,The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,Please compare:,插入成分,修饰限定,补充解释,能,不能,.的,能否省略,Teache

16、rs who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,The town where I live is beautiful. Anxi, where I live, is beautiful.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确， 所以不能省略,as 引导的非限制性定语从句,The earth is round. _ is known to all. The earth is round,

17、_ is known to all. _ is known to all, the earth is round _ is known to all that the earth is round.,It,which / as,As,It,as 具有“正如”之意，搭配的动词一般是固定的，如： as you know/ as you see/as we planned/ as we expected,定语从句在句首时只能用 as,as 引导的限制性定语从句 (1),This is the same pen as I lost. This is the same pen that I lost.,

18、Please compare:,这支笔和我丢的那支一模一样。,这支笔就是我丢的那支。,as 引导的限制性定语从句 (2),This is such an interesting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like. This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it.,as,that,Please complete the following sentences a

19、nd compare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),介词+关系代词的情况 1,The man whom you spoke was a scientist. The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况 2,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?

20、,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/

21、whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scien

22、tist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后,介词+关系代词的情况 4,Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the boo

23、k she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies. 6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher. 7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River. 8. The tower _ people can

24、 have a good view is on the hill. 9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,on which,for which,from which,about which,through which,under which,of which,from which,to whom,of

25、 which,练习: 介词+关系代词的使用,1.He did all / everything _ he could to help me. 2.This is the very thing _ I am after. 3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school. 4.He is the only man _ can do the work. 5.This is the first thing _ I want to say. 6.He is the finest man _ I have ever wo

26、rked with. 7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate? 8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth?,把 that , which 或 who 填入下列空白处,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,把that , which ,whose, whom or who 填入空格,9.Is there anything else _ you want to say? 10.Any person _ has the money can join the gr

27、oup. 11.He often speaks the role he played in the play, _ made others upset. 12.He opened the door, in front of _ sat a boy. 13.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist. 14.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.,that,that,which,which,whom,whose,关系代词that和which的区别 指物时一般没有区别，但在以下五个方面，

28、必须用that而不能用which. 当先行词是all, everything, anything, little, nothing, something等不定代词时; 当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时; 当先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时； 在限制性定语从句中主语或宾语，先行词即有人又有物时； 当主句以what, who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。,关系代词who与that的异同 （通常，指人时who与that可互换，但以下情况只用who，不用

29、that） 1 先行词是one, ones, anyone时 2 先行词为those时 3 在There be开头的句子时 4 在非限制性定语从句中 Eg: 1. Anyone who does that kind of job should be patient. 2. Those who were not fit for their work couldnt finish their work in time. 3. There is a comrade who wants to see you. 4. On the second floor, there lived a young ma

30、n, who was an artist.,注意：which和whom 1, 在非限制性定义从句中只能用which不用that； 2，在从句中做介词宾语只能用which和whom不用that和who;,关系代词As和which的区别,共同点：as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句； 不同点：1 as引导的定语从句可以放于句首，which不能； 2 as引导的定语从句必须为肯定句，which不必；,非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,1.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry. 2.He failed in the exam, _made hi

31、s parents angry.,3.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 4.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.,This,which,whom,them, that, who,定语从句与并列句,（注意用标点符号和连接词and, but等来区别。） 1.Mr Li has three daughters, none of_ is an engineer. 2.Mr Li has three daughters, but none of_ is a dancer. 3.Mr Li has three da

32、ughters; _ are doctors.,whom,them,None/They,定语从句与时间、地点状语从句的区别,1. Rice doesnt grow well _ there is not enough water. 2. I still remember the farm _ my parents worked ten years ago. 3. He was borned _ our country was founded. 4. He remembers the day _ our country was founded.,（看是否有先行词，如果有，就是定语从句，如果没有，

33、就是状语从句）,where,Where/on which,when,when/on which,定语从句与结果状语从句,在定语从句中，若先行词被such 修饰时，关系词要用as, 组成suchas结构.这个结构与状语从句suchthat（如此以致）很相似，要注意区别。若从句中的及物动词后无宾语，就是定语从句， 用suchas.否则就是状语从句，用suchthat. He is such a good teacher _ we all love and respect. He is such a good teacher _ we all love and respect him.,as,tha

34、t,定语从句与强调句,注意：强调句所强调的是整个状语，所以It is 后面跟的是介词短语。 1. It is on the morning of May 1st _ I met John at the airport. 2.It is the morning of May 1st _ I met John at the airport. 3. It is in the factory _John works. 4.It is the factory _John works.,that,when,that,where,定语从句与习惯句型,注意固定句型：It is the first/second

35、/third time that+ 从句（从句用现在完成时） 1.It is the first time _she has been in Shanghai. 2.It was the time _Chinese people had a hard life. 3._ is known to us all, paper was first made in China. 4._ is known to us all that paper was first made in China.,that,when,As,It,定语从句与同位语从句的区别,首先看引导从句的关系词that是否在从句中充当句

36、子成分。如果在从句中充当主、宾、表，则是定语从句。再看从句前的名词是否是一些需要有内容的名词，如：idea, fact, thought, news等。 1.The news _came from the front was true. 2.The news _he won the game was true. 3.I have no idea _ he has gone. 4. have no idea _ he did it. 5.I visited the school _ I studied last week. 6. I remember the day _ our country

37、was founded.,that,that,where,when,where,when,定语从句与表语从句的区别,改为肯定句；从句前是否有先行词；从句谓语 1. Is this factory _she used to work? 2. Is this the factory _she used to work? 3. Is this the factory _she used to visit? 4. Is this factory _ she used to visit?,where,where,that/which,what/the one,1. I, _your good frien

38、d, will try my best to help you out. A.who is B.who am C.that is D.which am 2. The old man has two sons, _are lawyers. A.both of them B.both of who C.both of whom D.both of they 3. He is a man of great knowledge, _much can be learned. A.in whom B.about whom C.from whom D.of whom 4. I can tell you _h

39、e told me last week. A.all which B.all what C.that all D.all that 5. Is oxygen the only gas _helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.what,B,C,C,D,A,6. Air, _we breathe every day, is around us all the time. A.that B./ C.which D.it 7. This is the museum _we saw an exhibition the other day. A.that B.whic

40、h C.where D.in that 8. This museum is _you visited the other day. A.that B.which C.where D.the one 9. This is the museum _you saw the other day. A.that B.where C.in which D.in that 10. It is the third time _late this month. A.that you arrived B.when you arrived C.that youve arrived D.when youve arri

41、ved,C,C,D,A,C,11. It was in 1969_the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A.that B.which C.in which D.when 12.We often think of the days _we spent together on the island. A.when B.which C.in which D.during which 13. Have you ever been to Shanghai, _I left ten years ago? A.where B.whi

42、ch C.that D.when 14. He has left Beijing, _a meeting is to be held. A.when B.where C.as D.which 15. This is the very place _Im wishing to live in. A.where B.which C.that D.in which 16.I have bought the same dress _she is wearing. A.as B.that C.which Dthan 17.Can you solve such problems _raised by th

43、e audience? A.what were B.as were C.that were D.which were,A,B,B,B,C,A,B,18.The reason _he didnt come was _he was injured. A.that,because B.why,that C.why, because D.that, that 19.He must be from Africa, _can be seen from his skin. A.that B.as C.it D.what 20.His father died last year, _made it impos

44、sible for him to go abroad. A.when B.which C.as D.that 21._is natural,he married Mary. A.It B.What C.Which D.As 22.The buses, _were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd. A.most of them B.most of which C.which most D.that most 23.All_is needed is a supply of oil. A.the thing B.that C.what D

45、.which,B,B,B,D,B,B,24.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows,most of _had not been cleaned for years. A.these B.those C.that D.which 25.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _she could turn for help. A.that B.who C. from whom D.to whom 26. This is one of the means _the electic energy is conducted from one place to another. A.by which B.by that C.through which D.through that 27. The place _you are going to visit is the ruin of a