高血压英文ppt精品课件centralnervous

CHAPTER 28 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CNS NORMAL PATHOLOGY NORMAL NEURONS (1%) GLIA (99%) ASTROCYTES OLIGODENDROCYTES EPENDYMAL CELLS MICROGLIA PATHOLOGY Cellular Pathology Edema, CSF Pressure, Hydrocephalus Malformations Perinatal Trauma Vascular Infections Prion Diseases Demyelinating Diseases Degenerative Genetic Metabolic Acquired Metabolic Tumors CELLULAR PATHOLOGY REACTIONS OF NEURONS REACTIONS OF ASTROCYTES EDEMA/PRESSURE/CSF CEREBRAL EDEMA RAISED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE AND HERNIATION HYDROCEPHALUS CEREBRAL EDEMA CSF PRESSURE HYDROCEPHALUS MALFORMATIONS NEURAL TUBE FOREBRAIN POSTERIOR FOSSA SYRINGOMYELIA/HYDROMYELIA NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS FOREBRAIN ANOMALIES POSTERIOR FOSSA ANOMALIES SYRINGOMYELIA/ HYDROMYELIA PERINATAL BRAIN INJURY TRAUMA SKULL FRACTURES PARENCHYMAL INJURIES TRAUMATIC VASCULAR INJURIES SEQUELAE SPINAL CORD SKULL FRACTURES PARENCHYMAL CONCUSSION DIRECT PARENCHYMAL INJURY DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY TRAUMATIC VASCULAR INJURY EPIDURAL HEMATOMA SUBDURAL HEMATOMA EPIDURAL HEMATOMA SUBDURAL HEMATOMA SEQUELAE OF BRAIN TRAUMA SPINAL CORD TRAUMA CEREBROVASCULAR HYPOTENSION, HYPOPERFUSION, LOW FLOW, INFARCTION INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE HYPOXIA, ISCHEMIA, INFARCTION LOW FLOW STATES (ISCHEMIA) INFARCTION INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE ANEURYSMS VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE ANEURYSMS VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS HYPERTENSIVE CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE LACUNAR INFARCTS SLIT HEMORRHAGES HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY “LACUNAR” INFARCTS “SLIT” HEMORRHAGES HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY INFECTIONS ACUTE MENINGITIS ACUTE SUPPURATIVE INFECTIONS, FOCAL CHRONIC BACTERIAL MENINGOENCEPHALITIS VIRAL MENINGOENCEPHALITIS FUNGAL MENINGOENCEPHALITIS OTHER INFECTIONS ACUTE MENINGITIS BACTERIAL VIRAL ACUTE FOCAL SUPPURATIVE INFECTIONS BRAIN ABSCESS SUBDURAL EMPYEMA EXTRADURAL ABSCESS BRAIN ABSCESS SUBDURAL EMPYEMA EXTRADURAL ABSCESS CHRONIC BACTERIAL MENINGOENCEPHALITIS TUBERCULOSIS NEUROSYPHILIS NEUROBORRELIOSIS (LYME DISEASE) TUBERCULOSIS NEUROSYPHILIS LYME DISEASE VIRAL MENINGOENCEPHALITIS ARTHROPOD-BORNE HSV-1, HSV-2 V-Z (HERPES ZOSTER) CMV (CYTO-MEGALO VIRUS) POLIOMYELITIS RABIES HIV PML (PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY) SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS ARTHROPOD-BORNE HSV HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS HSV-1 HSV-2 V-Z (HERPES ZOSTER) CMV (CYTO-MEGALO VIRUS) POLIOMYELITIS RABIES HIV MENINGOENCEPHALITIS (SUBACUTE ENCEPHALITIS) VACUOLAR MYELOPATHY MYOPATHY/NEUROPATHY PEDIATRIC PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY (PML) SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS FUNGAL MENINGOENCEPHALITIS OTHER INFECTIONS “SPONGIFORM” ENCEPHALOPATHIES (PRIONS) PATHOGENESIS (MAD COW) CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) Variant CJD Gerstmann-Strussler-Scheinker Syndrome Fatal Familial Insomnia DEMYELINATING DISEASES MS (MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS) MS VARIANTS ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS ACUTE NECROTIZING HEMORRHAGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS OTHER DEMYELINATING DISEASES M.S. MS VARIANTS ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS OTHER DEMYELINATING DISEASES DEGENERATIVE DISEASES CORTEX BASAL GANGLIA/BRAINSTEM SPINOCEREBELLAR MOTOR NEURONS CORTEX DEGENERATIONS ALZHEIMER FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIAS CHROMOSOME-17 LINKED PICK DISEASE PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY CORTICOBASAL DEGENERATION WITHOUT TAU PATHOLOGY VASCULAR DEMENTIA ALZHEIMER DISEASE MORPHOLOGY PATHOGENESIS MOLECULAR GENETICS CLINICAL FEATURES FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIAS CHROMOSOME-17 PICK DISEASE PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY CORTICOBASAL DEGENERATION WITHOUT TAU PATHOLOGY VASCULAR DEMENTIAS BASAL GANGLIA/BRAINSTEM DEGENERATIONS PARKINSONISM PARKINSON DISEASE MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY HUNTINGTON DISEASE PARKINSONISM IN GENERAL PARKINSON DISEASE MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY HUNTINGTON DISEASE SPINOCEREBELLAR DEGENERATIONS (ATAXIAS) SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA FRIEDREICH ATAXIA ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA SPINOCEREBELLAR FRIEDREICH ATAXIA ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA MOTOR NEURON DEGENERATIONS AML (AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS, aka, LOU GEHRIG DISEASE) BULBOSPINAL ATROPHY (KENNEDY SYNDROME) SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY AML LOU GEHRIG DISEASE BULBOSPINAL ATROPHY (KENNEDY SYNDROME) SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY GENETIC METABOLIC DISEASES LEUKODYSTROPHIES MITOCHONDRIAL ENCEPHALOMYOPATHIES LEUKODYSTROPHIES KRABBE METACHROMATIC ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY PELIZAEUS-MERZBACHER CANAVAN MITOCHONDRIAL ENCEPHALOMYOPATHIES LEIGH SYNDROME (SUBACUTE NECROTIZING ENCEPHALOPATHY) OTHERS ACQUIRED METABOLIC DISEASES VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES METABOLIC DISTURBANCES TOXIC DISORDERS VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES B1 (THIAMINE) B12 METABOLIC DISTURBANCES (OTHER DISEASES) HYPOGLYCEMIA HYPERGLYCEMIA HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY TOXIC DISORDERS CARBON MONOXIDE METHANOL ETHANOL RADIATION METHOTREXATE/RADIATION CARBON MONOXIDE METHANOL ETHANOL RADIATION METHOTREXATE/RADIATION TUMORS GLIOMAS NEURONAL POORLY DIFFERENTIATED OTHERS MENINGIOMAS METASTATIC TUMORS PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS FAMILIAL TUMOR SYNDROMES GLIOMAS ASTROCYTOMA OLIGODENDROGLIOMA EPENDYMOMA ASTROCYTOMAS FIBRILLARY (DIFFUSE) GLIOBLASTOMA PILOCYTIC PLEOMORPHIC XANTHOASTROCYTOMA BRAINSTEM GLIOMA OLIGODENDROGLIOMA EPENDYMOMA (PARAVENTRICULAR) NEURONAL GANGLION CELL TUMORS OTHER GLIAL/NEURONAL PURE NEURONAL POORLY DIFFERENTIATED MEDULLOBLASTOMA ATYPICAL TERATOID/RHABDOID TUMOR (AT/RT) MEDULLOBLASTOMA ATYPICAL TERATOID/RHABDOID TUMOR (AT/RT) OTHER PARENCHYMAL PRIMARY CNS LYMPHOMA GERM CELL TUMORS PINEAL TUMORS MENGIOMAS MORPHOLOGY GENETICS CLINICAL FEATURES METASTASES PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS SCHWANNOMA NEUROFIBROMA CUTANEOUS NEUROFIBROMA PLEXIFORM NEUROFI