TED-ed五个技巧养成批判性思维(带批注)

1、Every day, a sea of （很多） decisions stretches before us.我们每天都要做大量的决定Some are small and unimportant, but others have a largerimpact on our lives 有的微不足道，有的却举足轻重。for example, Which politician should I vote for? ; Shouldtry the latest diet craze ?比如，"我该给哪个政治家投票""我该加入最新的节食热潮吗？ "or Will

2、 email make me a millionaire? “一封邮件会让或者。我成为百万富翁吗？”We are bombardedwith （被轰炸） so manydecisions ， thatitsimpossibletomakeaperfectchoiceeverytime.我们被太多事情轮番轰炸，所以不可能每次都作出完美的选择。Buttherearemanywaystoimproveourchances.不过有很多方法可以提高我们做出完美选择的几率，Andoneparticularlyeffectivetechnique ， iscriticalthinkingThisisaway

3、ofapproachingthequestion，thatallowustocarefully deconstruct thesituation 其中尤为有效的一种方法，就是批判性思考。这是一种走进问题本身的方法，可以让我们仔细地抽丝拨茧剖析现状，Reveal （ 显 露 ; 揭 露 ; 泄 露 ） hiddenissues ，suchas bias and manipulation （操作 ; 操纵 ; 控制） 揭露偏见和人为操纵等隐藏问题 andmakethebestdecision 从而做出明智的选择Ifcriticalpartsoundsnegative ， that sbecause

4、 ， inaway ， itis.若“批判性”听起来负能量满满，那是因为某种意义上确实如此Rather than choosing an answer because it feels right 相比于选择不明觉厉的答案a person who uses critical thinking 使用批判性思考的人subjects all available options to scrutiny and skepticism （怀疑态度，怀疑论; 多疑癖） .会以审视 怀疑的态度推敲所有可能性Using the tools at their disposal （事情的）处置; （自由）处置权 ;

5、） , they elilml inate （排除，消除; 淘汰 ; ） everythingbut the most useful and reliable information. 他们会用自己的方式做排除 只留下最有用最可靠的信息。There are many different ways of approaching critical thinking 学习使用批判性思维的方法很多here sone 5 step process that may help you solve any number of problems 这里的五步法 或许可以帮你解决绝大多数的问题1: Formula

6、te your question 准确地阐述你的问题In other words, know what you re looking for. 换句话说 就 是知道自己需要什么This isn t always as straightforward as it sounds. 这有时并不像听起来那样直截了当For example, if you redeciding whether to try out the newest diet craze 比如你正在纠结要不要尝试最新的节食方法 your reasons for doing so may be obscured（使,模糊不清） by o

7、ther factors 你的动机或许被其他因素干扰比如两like claims that you ll see results in just two weeks.周内立即见效的承诺But, if you approach the situation with a clear view of what you re actually trying to accomplish by dieting 但如果你在 决定前先明确自己通过节食要达到的目标whether that s weight loss, better nutrition, or having moreenergy 不论是为了减重、

8、补充营养或是提高精力that ellquip you to sift （ 筛 分 ; 精 选 ） through this information critically, find what youn g ferlook合批判性的筛选这些信息，找到你想要的and decide whether the new fad really suits your needs. 并 判断这一新的节食方法是否真正满足你的需求。2: Gather your information 收集你的信息There s lots of it out there 因为信息太多了 so having a clearidea o

9、f your question will help you determine what s relevant 所以明确的问题能帮你找出相关信息。If you re trying to decide on a diet to improve your nutrition如果你想通过控制饮食来增强营养的吸收you may ask an expert for their advice, or seek otherpeople tsestimonies （证词 ; 证明，证据） .你可能会向专家咨询意见或寻找过来人的经验Information gathering helps you weigh di

10、fferent options 收 集信息能帮助你权衡不同的选项moving you closer to a decision that meets your goal. 使你 做出符合目标的决定。3: Apply the information 应用你的信息something you do by asking critical questions. 即询问批判性问题Facing a decision, ask yourself ：当你面对一个选择时，先问问自己 what concepts are at work? What assumptions exist? 这个事情的本质概念是什么？存在

11、哪些假设？ Is my interpretation of the information logically sound?对信息的推断逻辑正确吗？For example, in an email that promises you millions, youshould consider 比如 在一封许诺给你上百万的邮件里你该考虑一下 whatis shaping my approach to this situation? I Do assume the sender is telling the truth? 我做出决定的动机是什么，我会假设发件人说的是真的吗 Based on the

12、evidence, is it logical to assume I ll win anymoney?'基于实证 我能赢钱的假设合乎逻辑吗4: Consider the implications 考虑潜在影响Imagine it ' s election time象大选时， and you ' ve selected a political candidate based on their promise to make it cheaper for drivers to fill up on gas. 你根据一位参选者降低 油价的承诺而决定选他 At first g

13、lance , that seems great. 这 个承诺乍一看还挺是那么回事But what about the long-termenvironmental effects ?但又怎么说它对环境的长期影响 呢？If gasoline use is less restricted by cost, this could also cause a huge surge in air pollution 若对使用汽油的价格约束变小，空气污染可能汹涌来袭an unintended （非故意的， 无意识的; ） consequence that simportant to think about

14、. 考虑这种潜在的影响是非常重要的。5: Explore other points of view 探究其他观点Ask yourself why so many people are drawn to the policies of the opposing political candidate. 比如， 问问自己为什么那么多其他人选择另一个参选人的政策呢？Even if you disagree with everything that candidate says,尽管那个参选人的政策你一个字都不赞成exploring the full spectrum （光谱 ; 波谱 ; 范围 ;

15、系列） ofviewpoints 但是了解全方位的观点 might explain why some能解policies th at don t seem valid to you appeal to others.释为啥你不感冒的政策会吸引别人This will allow you to explore alternatives （替代的 ; 备选的 ; 其他的 ;,） evaluate your own choices 这使你可以探索其他选择，评估自己的选择and ultimately （ 最后，最终; 基本 ） help you make moreinformed decisions. 并帮助你做出更明智的决定。This five-step process is just one tool, 这五步法只是一种方法and it certainly wonera dictate （摧毁 ; 完全根除 ; ） difficultdecisions from our lives 它无法为我们彻底抹除生活中的艰难But, it can help us increase the number of positive choic