江苏省高考英语试卷 2009-2020年A3
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江苏省高考英语试卷
2009-2020年A3
江苏省
高考
英语
试卷
2009
2020
A3
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江苏省高考英语试卷 2009-2020年A3,江苏省高考英语试卷,2009-2020年A3,江苏省,高考,英语,试卷,2009,2020,A3
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2015年江苏省高考英语试卷解析版参考答案与试题解析一、第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）1（1分）What time is it now？A9：10B9：50C10：00【考点】15：短对话理解菁优网版权所有【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略2（1分）What does the woman think of the weather？AIts niceBIts warmCIts cold【考点】15：短对话理解菁优网版权所有【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略3（1分）What will the man do？AAttend a meeting BGive a lecture CLeave his office【考点】15：短对话理解菁优网版权所有【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略4（1分）What is the womans opinion about the course？AToo hardBWorth takingCVery easy【考点】15：短对话理解菁优网版权所有【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略5（1分）What does the woman want the man to do？ASpeak louderBApologize to herCTurn off the radio【考点】15：短对话理解菁优网版权所有【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略6（2分）（1）How long did Michael stay in China？AFive daysBOne weekCTwo weeks（2）Where did Michael go last year？ARussiaBNorwayCIndia【考点】16：长对话理解菁优网版权所有【分析】略【解答】BC【点评】略7（2分）听第7段材料，回答第8、9题8What food does Sally like？AChickenBFishCEggs9What are the speakers going to do？ACook dinnerBGo shoppingCOrder dishes【考点】16：长对话理解菁优网版权所有【分析】略【解答】BC【点评】略8（3分）（1）Where are the speakers？A In a hospitalB In the officeC At home（2）What is the report due？A ThursdayB FridayC Next Monday（3）What does suggest Stephanie do with the report？A Improve itB Hand it in laterC Leave it with him【考点】16：长对话理解菁优网版权所有【分析】略【解答】BAB【点评】略9（4分）（1）What is the probable relationship between the speakers？ASalesperson and customerBHomeowner and cleanerCHusband and wife（2）What kind of apartment do the speakers prefer？AOne with two bedroomBOne without furnitureCOne near a market（3）How much rent should one pay for the onebedroom apartment？A350B400C415（4）Where is the apartment the speakers would like to see？ AOn Lake StreetBOn Market StreetCOn South Street【考点】16：长对话理解菁优网版权所有【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略10（4分）（1）What percentage of the worlds tea exports go to Britain？AAbout 15%BAbout 30%COver 40%（2）Why do tea tasters taste tea with milk？AMost British people drink that wayBTea tastes much better with milkCTea with milk is healthy（3）Who suggests a price for each tea？ATea tastersBTea exportersCTea companies（4）What is the speaker talking about？AThe life of tea tastersBAfternoon tea in BritainCThe London Tea Trade Centre【考点】17：短文理解菁优网版权所有【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分15分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑11（1分）The number of smokers，_ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year（）AitBwhichCwhatDas【考点】59：关系代词菁优网版权所有【分析】正如所报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅一年就减少了17%【解答】答案D这是含有非限制性定语从句的复合句，空缺的词为关系代词，故排除A、Cas引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以放在句首、句中、句末本题容易误选B项，把the number of smokers看成是先行词，这里的关系代词指代的是the number of smokers has dropped by 17percent in just one year这一整句话，而且as is reported是常用表达法故选：D【点评】对于关系代词的选择，要分析句子成分，还要结合关系代词本身的用法，加以选择和判断12（1分）Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _ to their greatest potential（）AaccelerateBimproveCperformDdevelop【考点】A8：实义动词菁优网版权所有【分析】句意：学校应该是一个充满生机的地方，在这里每个学生个体都被鼓励充分发展，最大限度地激发潜能【解答】答案DA选项加快，加速常见搭配有accelerate the pace of；B选项改进，提高；C选项表现，表演，执行；D选项开发；发展；冲洗（胶片），养成；D项符合语境，故选：D【点评】本题考查动词辨析解答此类题目首先要读懂句意，然后根据上下文语境锁定合适的动词平时要加强动词词汇量的积累13（1分）Jim，can you work this Sunday？_？Ive been working for two weeks on end（）AWhy meBWhy notCWhat ifDSo what【考点】JI：语言交际菁优网版权所有【分析】Jim，这个星期六你能加班吗？为什么是我？我已经连续工作两周了【解答】答案A选项A Why me？的意思是为什么是我；选项B Why not的意思是为什么不呢；选项C What if的意思是要是会怎么样；选项D So what的意思是那又怎么样根据语境和句意，应该选择A【点评】做这类题目，要根据选项的意义、用法及句意来做出正确的选择和判断14（1分）Much time _ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems（）Abeing spentBhaving spentCspentDspending【考点】A4：动词的过去分词；BB：过去分词菁优网版权所有【分析】句意：因为大部分时间都坐在办公桌前，所以办公室职员一般都受健康问题的困扰【解答】考查独立主格结构由句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语much time与主句主语office workers不一致，所以是独立主格结构逗号后为主句，逗号前为独立主格结构作原因状语time与spend是被动关系，故填spent【点评】解答此类题目首先要分析句子结构找出主句，同时要注意主句的主语与分词的逻辑主语是否一致，如果不一致，则为独立主格结构然后再分析分词的逻辑主语与动词的主被动关系，主动用doing，被动用done15（1分）_ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some wont accept it（）AThatBWhyCWhereDHow【考点】79：连接副词；H7：wh引导的主语从句菁优网版权所有【分析】句意为：中国伟大诗人李白出生的地点是大众都知道的，但是一些人却不能接受这一点【解答】答案：C is之前的内容是主语从句，从句中缺少状语，根据逻辑关系，此处应该是出生的地方，而不是方式或原因【点评】在主语从句中，除了要考虑句子成分，还要看句子前后的逻辑关系16（1分）It is so cold that you cant go outside _ fully covered in thick clothes（）AifBunlessConceDwhen【考点】92：从属连词菁优网版权所有【分析】句意：外面非常冷，如果不裹一件厚实点的衣服，千万不要出去【解答】A选项如果；C选项一旦；D选项当时候；B选项如果不；除非； unlessifnot，句中unless fully covered为连词+省略结构，补充完整为unless you are fully covered可转换成If you arent fully covered理解，根据句意及逻辑关系外面非常冷可推知如果不裹一件厚实点的衣服会很冷B项符合语境故选：B【点评】本题考查状语从句中连词的辨析解答此类题目首先要理解题干的意思，其次要知道各选项的意思，然后依次把各个选项意思放入句子根据语境，不难选出正确答案关键还是在平时学习的过程中，多积累多总结多记忆17（1分）The university started some new language programs to _ the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt（）Aapply toBcater forCappeal toDhunt for【考点】A9：动词短语菁优网版权所有【分析】句意：这所大学开办了一些新的语言课程以满足国家丝绸之路经济带的需要【解答】答案：Bapply to意为向申请；应用；appeal to意为对有吸引力；呼吁；hunt for意为搜寻，猎捕，寻找cater for意为迎合，满足需要；供应伙食，其迎合，满足需要可使句意完整，符合逻辑，故选B【点评】此题考查动词短语辨析解此类词或短语辨析时，一要弄清句意，二要明白各选项的意思，从而选出符合句意的答案18（1分）It might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule（）Adid I knowBhave I knownCdo I knowDhad I known【考点】GB：倒装句；GJ：虚拟语气菁优网版权所有【分析】它可能已省了我一些麻烦，要是我知道这个计划的话【解答】根据主句谓语动词might have done，可以知道是对过去情况的假设，那么if从句中谓语动词则需用had done来表示对过去情况的假设，从而使得主从句保持一致当虚拟条件句的谓语动词是助动词had时，if可以省略，从而将had置于句首，句子倒装所以D选项正确故选：D【点评】此题考查虚拟语气中if省略倒装的现象当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were，should（助动词），had（助动词）时，if可以省略，从而将were，should（助动词），had（助动词）置于句首，句子倒装解此类题时，要根据语境、时间状语或主从句中的谓语动词形式，来判断是对过去、现在、将来三个时间里，哪一个时间的虚拟假设，再做题19（1分）The whole team _ Cristiano Ronaldo，and he seldom lets them down（）Await onBfocus onCcount onDcall on【考点】A9：动词短语菁优网版权所有【分析】全队都寄希望于Cristiano Ronaldo，他很少令他们失望【解答】wait on 意为服侍，伺候；focus on意为集中注意力于；call on意为拜访；号召count on意为指望，依靠符合题意，故选C【点评】此题考查动词短语辨析解词义辨析题时，首先要弄清句意，再来选择合适的词或短语20（1分）The real reason why prices _，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem（）AWereBwill beChave beenDhad been【考点】E2：一般过去时菁优网版权所有【分析】过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意【解答】答案A根据句意和题干中的 and still are 提示，可知过去的价格也一直居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态，故选A【点评】用何种时态，可以根据句意以及题目中所给的提示进行判断和选择21（1分）The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _ review of the case（）AcomprehensiveBcomplicatedCconsciousDcrucial【考点】64：形容词词意辨析菁优网版权所有【分析】警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底的、广泛的审查【解答】答案：A A项是综合的，广泛的；B项是复杂的；C项是有意识的，神智清醒的；D项是重要的，决定性的句中thorough和comprehensive为并列关系，故选A项【点评】形容词词义辨析，只要分清句子中形容词词义即可22（1分）Some schools will have to make _ in agreement with the national soccer reform（）AjudgmentsBadjustmentsCcommentsDachievements【考点】A9：动词短语菁优网版权所有【分析】一些学校将不得不作出调整以和国家足球改革相一致【解答】答案Bmake judgments意为作出判断；make comments意为发表评论；make achievements意为取得成就make adjustments意为作出调整，结合句子的意思，为了和国家足球改革相一致，所以要作出调整，故选B【点评】此题考查名词意思辨析解此类词义辨析题时，需结合句意，辨清各选项的词义，从而选出正确的答案23（1分）Why didnt you invite John to your birthday party？Well，you know hes _（）Aan early birdBa wet blanketCa lucky dogDa tough nut【考点】JI：语言交际菁优网版权所有【分析】你为什么不邀请约翰来参加你的生日派对呢？哦，你知道他是一个令人扫兴的人【解答】选项A an early bird 是指早起的人；选项B a wet blanket是指令人扫兴的人；选项C lucky dog是指幸运儿；选项D a tough nut是指难对付的人，这四个选项都是俗语，根据句意以及选项的意思，应该选择B故选：B【点评】做这类题目，首先要正确理解四个选项的意思，然后根据句意来选择正确的选项24（1分）Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison（）Athanks toBregardless ofCaside fromDbut for【考点】GJ：虚拟语气菁优网版权所有【分析】要不是托马斯爱迪生，我们现在收益的许多东西将不复存在【解答】A选项 thanks to幸亏，多亏；B选项 regardless of不管，不顾；C选项 aside from除了，除以外；D选项 but for要不是可用来表示虚拟条件，可用if条件从句代替but for Thomas Edisonif it hadnt been for Thomas Edison【点评】此题考查含蓄型虚拟语气 含蓄型虚拟语气常用without，but for引出，相当于If it werent for和 If it hadnt been for，其意为若不是（有）要不是25（1分）Go and say sorry to your Mom，DaveId like to，but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _（）ArequestsBexcusesCapologiesDregrets【考点】31：可数名词及其单复数菁优网版权所有【分析】Dave，去向你妈妈说对不起我想去，但是我怕她不会接受我的道歉【解答】答案C A项是请求；B项是借口；C项是道歉；D项是后悔由say sorry可知，此处应是道歉故选C项【点评】根据情景对话辨析名词词义，只要弄明白对话的意思即可第二节：完形填空（共1小题；每小题20分，满分20分）请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑26（20分）I was required to read one of Bernie Siegels books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment onThe stories of his unconventional（36）ideasand the exceptional patients he wrote about were so（37）amazingto me and had such a big（38）impact on how I saw life from then onWho knew that so many years later I would look to DrBernie and his CDs again to ）（39）getthrough my own cancer experience？Im an ambitious（40）writer，and when I started going through chemo （化疗），even though Im a very（41）positive person，I lost my drive to writeI was just too tired and not in the（42）moodOne day，while waiting to go in for （43）treatment，I had one of DrBernies books in my handAnother patient （44）noticed what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me（45）because he had one of his books with him as wellIt （46）turnedoutthat among other things，he was an eightyyearold writerHe was（47）actually a published author，and he was currently （48）working on a new bookWe would see each other at various times and（49）became friendsSometimes he wore a duck hat，and I would tell myself，he was definitely a（n） （50）fanof DrBernieHe really put a （51）smile on my faceHe unfortunately（52）passedawaylast year due to his cancer，（53）buthe left a deep impression on me and gave me the（54）inspirationto pick up my pen againI（55）thought to myself，If he can do it，then so can I36AtastesBideasCnotesDmemories37AamazingBshockingCamusingDstrange38AstrikeBpushCchallengeDimpact39Alearn fromBgo overCget throughDrefer to40AreaderBwriterCeditorDdoctor41ApositiveBagreeableChumorousDhonest42AmoodBpositionCstateDway43AadviceBreferenceCprotectionDtreatment44AviewedBknewCnoticedDwondered45AwhileBbecauseCalthoughDproviding46Acame outBworked outCproved outDturned out47AnaturallyBmerelyChopefullyDactually48AdecidingBinvestingCworkingDrelying49AbecameBhelpedCmissedDvisited50ApatientBoperatorCfanDpublisher51AsignBsmileCmarkDmask52Ashowed upBset offCfell downDpassed away53AsinceBbutCsoDfor54AguidanceBtrustCopportunityDinspiration55ApromisedBsworeCthoughtDreplied【考点】L1：记叙文菁优网版权所有【分析】本文是一篇记叙文作者读了Bernie Siegel的书，深受书中积极人生观的影响之后作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作，但在治疗期间结识一位同样受到Bernie影响，年迈却仍坚持写作的病友在病友死后，作者又重新拾起纸笔，以此告诉读者书籍给人带来积极的影响【解答】36B 考查名词根据首段首句可知，作者读了Bernie Siegel的书，深受书中积极人生观的影响此处unconventional ideas意为非传统的观点与上句中积极的人生观呼应故选B项37A 考查形容词根据上文中unconventional（非传统的）和unexceptional（例外的）提示可知，他书中所写的东西对我来说十分惊异故选A项38D 考查名词have an impact on为固定搭配，意为对有影响A项打击；B项推，逼迫；C项挑战；D项影响故选D项39C 考查动词短语根据下文可知，作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作但病友的执着和Bernie Siegel积极的人生观让自己又重新拾起纸笔，渡过了这段艰难时期A项从中获取经验，汲取教训；B项复习，仔细检查； D项提到，涉及，参考；C项渡过难关；C项符合语境，故选C项40B 考查名词根据下文中I lost my drive to write可知，作者是一名有抱负的作家A项读者；B项作家；C项编辑；D项医生故选B项41A 考查形容词句意：尽管我是一个积极的人，还是失去了写作的动力a positive person与I lost my drive to write构成让步关系，可推知，作者是一位非常积极乐观的人故选A项42A 考查名词根据语境作者因为病痛失去了写作的动力，感到太累，故可推知，作者心情不好not in the mood意为心情不好故选A项43D 考查名词根据作者生病了，应该是等待治疗，可知，D项符合语境故选D项44C 考查动词由下文可知，另一位病人应是注意到了作者正在读的书notice注意到故选C项45B 考查连词根据句意：该空后是他主动和我攀谈的原因：他身上也有一本Bernie的书可知，空处前后是因果关系，所以because表原因符合语境故选B项46D 考查动词短语A项出现，出版；B项锻炼，解决，制定；C项证明是合适的，令人满意的；D项证明是，结果是It turned out that是固定搭配，意为结果是，结果证明；根据语境除此之外，他是一位八十岁的作家可知，D项符合语境，故选D项47D 考查副词A项自然地；B项仅仅；C项有希望地；D项事实上； 根据句意事实上，他是一位撰稿人，目前在写一本新书可知，D项符合语境，故选D项48C 考查动词搭配A项 decide on决定，确定；B项invest on投资，花时间在上； D项rely on依赖，依靠； C项work on从事，忙于； 根据句意他目前在写一本新书可知，C项符合语境故选C项49A 考查动词A项成为；B项帮助；C项错过；D项拜访 根据句意我们总是在许多时候见到对方，成了朋友可知，后来作者和那位病人时不时地见面，也就成了朋友，A项符合语境，故选A项50C 考查名词A项病人；B项操作员，接线员；C项粉丝；D项出版商 根据句意可知，他的确是Bernie的书迷故选C项51B 考查名词A项标志，迹象，征兆；B项微笑；C项标记；D项面罩 根据语境可知，作者原本心情不好，后来交了新朋友，心情也好转了，朋友的举动感染了我，使我在生活中面带微笑故选B项52D 考查动词短语A项出现，露面；B项出发，动身；C项跌倒；D项去世（死的委婉表达）根据空前的unfortunately可知，作者的这位朋友去世了，D项符合语境，故选D项53B 考查连词A项表示时间；B项表示转折；C项表示结果；D项表示原因；根据句意他去年不幸死于癌症，但给我留下了深刻的印象可知，前后两分句之间是转折关系，故选B项54D 考查名词A项指导；B项信任；C项机会；D项鼓舞，激励，启发；根据空后的pick up my pen again可知，他给了作者鼓舞，作者重新开始写作故选D项55C 考查名词A项承诺；B项郑重发誓；C项think to oneself自言自语；D项回答；根据句意我对自己说：如果他能做到，我也能可知，C项符合语境，故选C项【点评】解答此类题目可遵循以下步骤：第一步，通读全文，了解文章大意，获得整体印象，同时初选出一批较有把握的答案第二步，边核对初选答案边补填留下的空格如果短文难度较大，则可复读几遍，核对和确定答案有些空一时决定不了，可作个记号，待复查时再确定 第三步，复查定稿从整体理解角度出发，仔细审核答案，确保意义上、语法上没有错误，同时对遗留下来的少数几个空格作最后选择第三部分：阅读理解（共4小题；每小题4分，满分30分）请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.27（4分）56According to the Code，visitors should actAAwith care and respectBwith relief and pleasureCwith caution and calmnessDwith attention and observation57What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand？CATake your own camping facilitiesBBury glass far away from riversCFollow the track for the sake of plantsDObserve signs to approach nesting birds【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理菁优网版权所有【分析】本文大意不要携带任何有害新西兰的物品入境保护动植物恰当处理垃圾妥善处理排泄物保护水资源小心防火细心露营野炊不要另辟蹊径，有路走路处处留意【解答】56A 推理判断题根据文中的副标题可知，去新西兰旅游时不能携带任何危害到新西兰的物品，要保护动植物，处理好垃圾等可知，游客应该细心对待并尊重自然故选A57C 细节理解题根据文中keep to the track中的keep to the track，where one exists，so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plannts可知，在有路的地方要沿着路走，这样可减少对脆弱植物的破坏故选C【点评】对于有副标题的应用文，解题时应抓住副标题来理解文章的大意，节省解题的时间28（6分）In the United States alone，over 100million cellphones are thrown away each yearCellphones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistantsThe electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a wholeElectronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silverA Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste，the concentration （含量） of gold and other precious metals was higher in Socalled ewaste than in naturally occurring mineralsElectronic wastes also contain many poisonous metalsEven when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed，the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries，in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environmentCreating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material，up to 100times more，than the material contained in the finished productsConsider again the cellphone，and imagine the mines that produced those metals，the factories needed to make the box and packaging（包装） it came inMany wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as wellThe USEnvironmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in thatthe production，distribution，and use of productsas well as management of the resulting wasteall result in greenhouse gas releaseIndividuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the startfor instance，buying reusable products and recyclingIn many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive （动机） for reducing wasteIf producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products，would they reduce the packaging in the first place？Governmentsincentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on moneyWhy，they ask，should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap （气泡垫） that encased your television？From the governmentspoint of view，a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and taxpayers back to the producers58By mentioning the Swiss study，the author intends to tell us thatBAthe weight of egoods is rather smallBEwaste deserves to be made good use ofCnatural minerals contain more precious metalsDthe percentage of precious metals is heavy in ewaste59The responsibility of ewaste treatment should be extendedBAfrom producers to governmentsBfrom governments to producersCfrom individuals to distributorsDfrom distributors to governments60What does the passage mainly talk about？DAThe increase in ewasteBThe creation of ewasteCThe seriousness of ewasteDThe management of ewaste【考点】OA：健康环保类阅读；P1：内容归纳；P6：作者情感态度菁优网版权所有【分析】文章主要介绍了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施随着电子数码科技的进步，产生了越来越多的电子垃圾手机、电脑和电子元器件等被越来越多地扔掉，里面含有像金银之类的贵金属，但也含有大量的有毒物质，作者详细地分析了造成这一问题的原因，并提出了坚决问题的建议和措施【解答】58B 推理判断题文章第一段告诉我们，每年有大量废弃电子产品被随意丢弃紧接着第二段首句Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver指出：电子设备中含有有用的金属，如金和银，并用Swiss study佐证这一观点，据此可知作者想要告诉我们，电子垃圾值得被充分运用故答案选B59B 细节理解题文中六、七、八段围绕生产责任延伸展开，最后一段做了总结根据最后一段的a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and taxpayers back to the producers可知处理电子垃圾的责任应该从政府延伸到用户身上故答案选B60D 主旨大意题这篇短文主要讲述了电子垃圾被随意丢弃这一现象，文中详细分析了造成这一问题的原因，并提出了建议故答案选D电子垃圾的管理而其余三项都只是概括了文章的部分内容，并不能概括全文【点评】健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文阅读此类短文要以现象或事物为中心进行思考，理解现象产生的原因、条件和客观规律等同时要抓住事物的特征、用途和相互关系等由于此类文章缺乏故事情节，很多同学对此类文章感到费解文章都是就事论事，需要逻辑推理和想象的时候较少，因此此类阅读题也没有同学们想象中的那么难，只要多加训练，就能较好地答题29（8分）Suppose you become a leader in an organizationIts very likely that youll want to have volunteers to help with the organizations activitiesTo do so，it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the workLets begin with the question of why people volunteerResearchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involvedFor example，people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness，to expand their range of experiences，and to strengthen social relationshipsIf volunteer positions do not meet these needs，people may not wish to participateTo select volunteers，you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attractPeople also volunteer because they are required to do soTo increase levels of community service，some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programsUnfortunately，these programs can shift peoples wish of participation from an internal factor （eg，I volunteer because its important to me） to an external factor （eg，I volunteer because Im required to do so）When that happens，people become less likely to volunteer in the futurePeople must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a mustOnce people begin to volunteer，what leads them to remain in their positions over time？To answer this question，researchers have conducted followup studies in which they track volunteers over timeFor instance，one study followed 238volunteers in Florida over a yearOne of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positionsAlthough this result may not surprise you，it leads to important practical adviceThe researchers note that attention should be given totraining methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experienceAnother study of 302volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people viewvolunteeras an important social roleIt was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer workParticipants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such asVolunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I amConsistent with the researchersexpectations，they found a positive correlation （正相关） between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteerThese results，once again，lead to concrete advice：Once an individual begins volunteering，continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identityItems like Tshirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity61People volunteer mainly out ofDAacademic requirementsBsocial expectationsCfinancial rewardsDinternal needs62What can we learn from the Florida study？BAFollowup studies should last for one yearBVolunteers should get mentally preparedCStrategy training is a must in researchDVolunteers are provided with concrete advice63What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work？CAIndividual differences in role identityBPublicly identifiable volunteer TshirtsCRole identity as a volunteerDPractical advice from researchers64What is the best title of the passage？AAHow to Get People to VolunteerBHow to Study Volunteer BehaviorsCHow to Keep VolunteersInterestDHow to Organize Volunteer Activities【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读；P1：内容归纳；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理菁优网版权所有【分析】文章分析了志愿者为何自发地去服务社会，研究者通过研究发现：人们做志愿者工作主要是出于内在的需求，因为他们需要这样做，志愿者身份的认可会激励他们继续从事志愿者工作【解答】61D 细节理解题根据第二段的people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness，to expand their range of experiences，and to strengthen social relationshipsIf volunteer positions do not meet these needs，people may not wish to participate可知，人们做志愿者工作主要是出于内在的需求，故选D62B 推理判断题根据第四段最后一句的training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience可知，志愿者应该从心理上做好充分的准备，故选B63C 细节理解题根据第五段第二句中的those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work可知，志愿者身份的认可会激励他们继续从事志愿者工作，故选C64A 主旨大意题文章开始假设你是一个组织中的领导者，很可能想得到志愿者的帮助，并指出在此之前必须弄清志愿者为什么会自发地去服务社会，并通过三个实验研究志愿者的意图所以选项A如何让人们去做志愿者是最好的标题，故选A【点评】本文是社会文化类阅读，考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断30（12分）Freedom and ResponsibilityFreedoms challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topicWe are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with itSome 2，500years ago Greece discovered freedomBefore that there was no freedomThere were great civilizations，splendid empires，but no freedom anywhereEgypt and Babylon were both tyrannies，one very powerful man ruling over helpless massesIn Greece，in Athens （雅典），a little city in a little country，there were no helpless massesAnd Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed，and the unwritten，which must be obeyed if free men live togetherThey must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desertThe Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wantedA man was free if he was selfcontrolledTo make yourself obey what you approved was freedomThey were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affairEach one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens，not because it was forced on him from the outside，but because the city was his pride and his safetyThe essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the stateBut discovering freedom is not like discovering computersIt cannot be discovered once for allIf people do not prize it，and work for it，it will goConstant watch is its priceAthens changedIt was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance，a spiritual change which affected the whole stateIt had been the Athenians pride and joy to give to their cityThat they could get material benefits from her never entered their mindsThere had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid hercitizens for doing her workNow instead of men giving to the state，the state was to give to themWhat the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them； and with this as the primary object，ideas of freedom and selfreliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearingAthens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to shareAthens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibilityThere could be only one resultIf men insisted on being free from the burden of selfdependence and responsibility for the common good，they would cease to be freeResponsibility is the price every man must pay for freedomIt is to be had on no other termsAthens，the Athens of Ancient Greece，refused responsibility； she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it againBut，the excellent becomes the permanent，Aristotle saidAthens lost freedom forever，but freedom was not lost forever for the worldA great American，James Madison，referred to：The capacity （能力） of mankind for selfgovernmentNo doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking GreekAthens was not in the farthest background of his mind，but once man has a great and good idea，it is never completely lostThe Digital Age cannot destroy itSomehow in this or that mans thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of actionOne can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime65What does the underlined wordtyranniesin Paragraph 2refer to？DACountries where their people need helpBPowerful states with higher civilizationCSplendid empires where people enjoy freedomDGovernments ruled with absolute power66People believing in freedom are those whoCAregard their life as their own businessBseek gains as their primary objectCbehave within the laws and value systemsDtreat others with kindness and pity67What change in attitude took place in Athens？AAThe Athenians refused to take their responsibilityBThe Athenians no longer took pride in the cityCThe Athenians benefited spiritually from the governmentDThe Athenians looked on the government as a business68What does the sentenceThere could be only one resultin Paragraph 5mean？BAAthens would continue to be freeBAthens would cease to have freedomCFreedom would come from responsibilityDFreedom would stop Athens from selfdependence69Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison？AAThe author is hopeful about freedomBThe author is cautious about selfgovernmentCThe author is skeptical of Greek civilizationDThe author is proud of mans capacity70What is the authors understanding of freedom？DAFreedom can be more popular in the digital ageBFreedom may come to an end in the digital ageCFreedom should have priority over responsibilityDFreedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility【考点】O7：政治经济类阅读；P1：内容归纳；P2：文中细节；P6：作者情感态度菁优网版权所有【分析】这是一篇历史文化类说明文文章讲述了自由的起源、演变及其在古代文化下的形态和缺陷，以及数字化世界给自由带来的挑战自由起源于2500年前的希腊，雅典人自由地生活在一起，因为他们能够自愿在法律规定和价值体系下一起从事活动后来雅典人态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认为政府应该为他们的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡薄，造成的唯一结果就是雅典人不再享有自由作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，认为自由需要责任的保证【解答】65D 词义猜测题根据划线词所在句子后半句one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses可知，tyrannies是指拥有绝对统治权的政府故选D66C 细节理解题根据第三段内容可知，雅典人之所以能自由地生活在一起，是因为他们能够自愿在法律规定和价值体系下一起从事活动故选C67A 细节理解题根据第四段内容可知，雅典人后来态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认为政府应该为他们的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡薄故选A68B 句意理解题根据第五段第三句的If men insisted on being free from the burden of selfdependence and responsibility for the common good，they would cease to be free可知，唯一的结果就是雅典人不再享有自由故选B69A 细节理解题根据最后一段第二句Athens lost freedom forever，but freedom was not lost forever for the world和Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind，but once man has a great and good idea，it is never completely lostThe Digital Age cannot destroy it可知，作者并没有因此而失去信心，相反对自由充满了希望故选A70D 观点态度题作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，得出自由需要责任的保证这一结论故选D【点评】本文是政治经济类阅读，考查学生对细节的理解把握和推理判断能力，做题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断第四部分：任务型阅读（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上每个空格只填一个单词31（10分）People select news in expectation of a rewardThis reward may be either of two kindsOne isrelated to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle，the other to what he calls the Reality PrincipleFor want of better names，we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed rewardIn general，the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption，accidents and disasters，sports，social events，and human interestDelayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs，economic matters，social problems，science，education，and healthNews of the first kind pays its rewards at onceA reader can enjoy an indirect experiencewithout any of the dangers or stresses involvedHe can tremble wildly at an axemurder，shake hishead sympathetically and safely at a hurricane，identify himself with the winning team，laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogsNews of the second kind，however，pays its rewards laterIt sometimes requires the reader totolerate unpleasantness or annoyanceas，for example，when he reads of the threatening foreign situation，the mounting national debt，rising taxes，falling market，scarce housing，and cancerIt has a kind ofthreat valueIt is read so that the reader may be informed and preparedWhen a reader selects delayed reward news，he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard workWhen he selects news of the other kind，he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream worldFor any individual，of course，the boundaries of these two classes are not stableFor example，asociologist may read news of crime as a social problem，rather than for its immediate rewardAcoach may read a sports story for its threat value：he may have to play that team next weekApolitician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting，not for its delayed reward，but very much as his wife reads an account of a partyIn any given story of corruption or disaster，a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience，but also the delayed reward of information and preparednessTherefore，while the division of categories holds in general，an individuals tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another，ordivide the experience between the two kinds of rewardWhat news stories do you read？Division ofnews storiesPeople expect to get （71）rewards/rewardedfrom reading newsNews stories are roughly divided into two classesSome news will excite their readers instantly while others wont（72）Explanationsofthe two classesNews of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual （73）involvementReaders will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and （74）sharesimilar feelings with those involvedNews of delayed reward will make readers suffer，or present a（75）threatto themNews of delayed reward will induce the reader to （76）preparefor the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to （77）withdraw from the realityUnstable boundariesof the two classesWhat readers exp
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