城市轨道交通专业英语-课程教案

1、城市轨道交通专业英语课程教案第 7 周 12 节Unit 2 Knowledge of Traffic 授课题目 Lesson 6 Introduction to the Transportation Planning process 上授课类型 讲授型教学目标 Master the knowledge of Transportation Planning 重点Transportation Planning 学习文档 仅供参考transportation survey, in which an attempt is made to take an inventory of the trip m

2、aking pattern as it exists at the present time, together with details of the travel facilities available and the land-use activities and socio-economic factors that can be considered to influence trave transportation survey 是先行词 ; 后面 in which 为 定 语 从 句 , 用 法 与 where 相 同； which 指 代transportation surv

3、ey; 在 in which 定 语 从 句 中 , an attempt 为主语 , be made为被动时态 , to take an inventory of the trip 是宾语, making pattern as it exists at the present time 修饰 the trip; together with 作为插入语,用法与 with 相同, together 作为副词修饰 with; together with 后 面 接 的 成 分 可 理 解 为 details of the travel facilities,details of the land-

4、use activities, details of socio-economic factors, 其中 that 为定语从句中的关系难点词 , 修 饰travel facilities, the land-use activities, socio-economic factors三个先行词；在 that 引导的定语从中, be considered to influence travel为被动时态；学习文档仅供参考教学过程结合同学们对城市交通规划的认知程度,依据教材具体叙述交 通规划等相关学问以及文中生词、短语、及语法结构1.New Words and Expressions 作业2.

5、Notes on the text 学习文档 仅供参考 Introduction to the Transportation Planning process 交通规划程序概述1. Transportation Planning 交通规划 In the past, large urban areas have frequently suffered from transportation congestion. 通拥挤之苦；往日的大城市经常遭受交It has been recorded that in the first century vehicular traffic, except fo

6、r chariots and official vehicles, was 主 要 教 学 内 容prohibited from entering Rome during the hours Of daylight. 据记载,在 1 世纪除了高级的四轮马车和官宦乘坐的车辆外、其他一切车辆在白天不准许进人罗马城；While congestion has existed in urban areas, the predominantly pedestrian mode of transport prevented the problem from becoming too serious . 这在

7、当时以步行方式为主的市区内,虽然会发生拥塞现象, 但仍不至于显现太严重的交通问题；until the new forms of individual transport of the twentieth century began to demand greater highway capacity. 到了 20 世纪, 显现了新型的个人交通形式以后,就开头要求道路具备更大的通行才能；Changes in transport mode frequently produce changes in land-use patterns; 交通运输方式的转变使城市用地布局也学习文档 仅供参考发生了变化

8、,for example, the introduction of frequent and rapid rail services in the outer suburbs Of London resulted in considerable residential development in the areas adjacent to local stations. 例如 ： 在英国伦敦, 因为在远郊区采纳了班次既多速度又快的铁路服务,结果使车站邻近地区建设了大量的住宅；Recently, the availability of private transport which canno

9、t be served economically by public transport has led to the growth of housing development. 最近 , 由于私人汽车的大量使用, 使原本不能经济地供应公共交通服务的住宅开发得以增长；The renewal of many urban areas is much slower than the changes of the transportation modes and the greatest difficulty is that it is hard to accommodate the increas

10、ing private car. 许多城市旧城区的改建进程,已经落后于当前交通运输方式的转变, 其中最大问题是不能容纳日益增长的私家车；Before the early 1950s it was generally believed that the solution to the transportation problem lay in determining highway traffic volumes and then applying a 学习文档 仅供参考growth factor to ascertain the future traffic demands. 20 世纪 50

11、 岁月以前,一般认为解决交通问题的方法在于确定道路的交通量,再采纳一个增长系数来确定将来交通需要量；Many of the early transportation studies carried out in the United Stated during this period saw the problem as being basically one of providing sufficient highway capacity and were concerned almost exclusively with highway transport.美国在这个时期所进行的一些早期的

12、交通讨论工作,基本上把这项工作单纯地看做是一个供应足够的道 路通行才能的问题,并且只关怀道路交通运输本身；During the early 1950s, it was realized that there was a fundamental connection between traffic needs and land-use activity. 20世纪 50 岁月初,人们意识到交通需求和土地利用活动之间存在着基本联系,It led to the study of the transportation requirements of differing land uses as the

13、 cause of the problem rather than the study of the existing traffic flow. 它导致在交 通规划中对不同土地使用引起的交通需求问题的讨论大大超 过了对当前交通量的讨论； The late 1950s and early 1960s saw the commencement of 学习文档 仅供参考many land use transportation surveys in the United Kingdom and the era of transportation planning methodology could

14、have been said to have commenced.20 世纪 50 岁月末和 60 岁月初,英国开头进行假设干土地使用和交通运输的调查工作,可以说这是交通规划方法学的萌芽时代；Because the planning of transportation facilities is only one aspect of the overall planning process which affects the quality of life in a developed society, the provision of transport facilities is depe

15、ndent on the overall economic resources available. 在现代社会中,交通规划是与人们生活水平有关的总体规划程序中的一个重要组成部分,故此交通设施的供应情形依靠于整个社会上可用的经济资源； It is dependent on the value that is placed on such factors as environmental conditions, for some transport facilities are considered to detract from the quality of the environment a

16、nd others can be considered to improve the environment land use and transport planning are also closely connected because the demand for travel facilities has often stimulated land-use activity. 它仍取决于诸如环境条件等因素有一些交通设施被认为有损于环境学习文档 仅供参考的质量 , 有的就被认为对环境有所改善；交通设施的需求常常刺激土地的开发利用 是紧密相联的；, 所以土地利用和交通规划两者之间Beca

17、use we are living in a society that is changing rapidly, and in which the rate of change appears to be increasing, it is important for some attempt to be made to develop economic ,environmental , land use, population and transport planning policies. 人类生活在一个日新月异的社会里,而社会变化速率与日俱增,因此尝试制定经济发展、 环境爱护、上地利用、

18、人口和交通规划等各种政策显得颇为重要；The fact that planning attempts in all these fields have not met with conspicuous success in the past decade should be taken as an attempt to improve the methodology rather than an indication that short term plans based on expediency or intuition should be employed. 过去 1 0 年中 , 在这些领域中的规划工作,迄今仍未获得显著的成就；这一事实说明宁可在规划方法学上有所发展 , 也不能以权宜之计或直观的想法为依据 仅以短期规划作为指标；讨论可以应用于各种交通系统,借以确