Unit4Problemsandadvice-句子成分与基本句型课件

1、Module 2 Ideas and viewpointsUnit 4 Problems and adviceModule 2 Unit 4句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语。Grammar 句子成分定义：Grammar 一、主语主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于_ 。1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing foot

2、ball after school is great fun.句首一、主语主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.二、谓语谓语：说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由_ 充当。动词常分为实义动词，连系动词，情态动词和助动词。动词1. We love China.二、谓语谓语：说明主语做什情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语，必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。They can speak Englis

3、h well.They are playing over there.情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语，必须和实义动词或系动词一1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stayHe always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 系动词1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词 系动词3）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. He seems (

4、to be) very sad.4）感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, tasteThis flower smells very sweet. 3）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, comeHe became mad after that. 6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn outThe rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划

5、终于成功了。5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, g三、宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_或_后面。1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.及物动词介词三、宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句，用来说明主语的身份，特征，状态。The trees turn green. The flow

6、er is beautiful .四、表语表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句，用来说明主语的身份，特征定语：用来修饰_。 This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.五、定语名词定语：用来修饰_。 This is a red ca状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词

7、或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 六、状语状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因John often came to chat with me( ) As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. ( )She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. ( )My father worked in this school ten years ago.( )Though he is young, he knows a lot.( )He cam

8、e running.( )程度，目的地点，伴随地点，时间让步方式原因John often came to chat with m补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。七、补语Everyone calls him Jack. （宾补）He is called Jack.（主补）补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。七、补语Every同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.八、同位语

9、同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ）3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( )8. What he needs is a book. （ ）9. It is very clear th

10、at the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （ ）名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示：名词代词数词动名词不当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。什么情况下用it作形式主语？当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前 你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗？1) It is wrong to te

11、ll a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( ) 说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。 你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗？说谎二、宾语 宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.She lived a happy life.( )2.I love you.( )3.We need two.( )4.Do you mind my opening the door?( )5.He began to learn English a year ago.(

12、)6.He did not know what to say.( )7.Did you write down what she said? ( )8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them.( )名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语二、宾语 宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：名词代词数词动名词不二、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示： He is a teacher. ( ) My idea is this.( ) She was the first to arrive.( ) I feel much be

13、tter today./I must be off now. ( ) He is out of danger.( ) The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( ) What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( )名词代词数词从句形容词/副词介词短语分词二、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示：名词代词数词从句形容三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：Its a red car.( )They live in the room above.( )My broth

14、er is a teacher.( )We belong to the third world.( )Lucys father is a poor worker.( )Mother made a birthday cake for me.( )The man under the tree is my teacher.( )The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( )形容词副词代词数词名词所有格名词介词短语现在分词三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：形容词副词代词数词名三、定语

15、定语可以用下面这些东西表示：I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.( )There are two things to be discussed today.（ ）Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（ ）This is the very book that I need. （ ）过去分词不定式动名词从句三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：过去分词不定式动名词四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：He is often late

16、 for class.( )We saw that picture at the cinema.( )He sat there smoking.( )They returned tired and hungry. （ ）They did everything they could to save the boys life. （ ）Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( )The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( )副词，程度介词短语，地点分词，伴随不定式，目的形容词，状态让步状语从句结果状语从句四、状语 状语

17、可以用下面这些东西表示：副词，程度介词短语，四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （ ）He was angry because we were late( ）If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ) 时间状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：时间状语从句原因状语五、宾语补足语：I consider Jim a good friend.( )I always find her happy.( )Peopl

18、e praised him as a hero.( )I had the TV fixed.( )I saw him entering the building.( )What made you think so?( )Do you want me to go?( )形容词名词介词短语过去分词现在分词省略掉to的不定式不定式五、宾语补足语：形容词名词介词短语过去分词现在分词省略掉to英语句子的种类简单句 (simple sentence)并列句 (compound sentence)复合句 (complex sentence)英语句子的种类简单句 (simple sentence)并简单句的五

19、种基本句型简单句的英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： （主谓） 基本句型二：（主系表） 基本句型三： （主谓宾） 基本句型四： （主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五： （主谓宾宾补）英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一：基本句型一 主谓 （S + V）S + VShe cooks.He is working.What he said does not matter.The pen writes smoothly.基本句型一 主谓 （S + V）S + VSVShecooks.Heis working.What he saiddoes not matter.The pen writes smoo

20、thly.SVShecooks.Heis working.What h基本句型二 主系表S+V+PHe is happy.Every thing looks nice. His face turned red.基本句型二 主系表S+V+PSVPHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice. His faceturnedred.SVPHeishappy.Everythinglooksn基本句型三 主谓宾 S+V+OWe study English everyday.They are playing football.He enjoys reading.She said “Good morning.”基本句型三 主谓宾 S+V+OSVOWeTheyHeShestudyare playingenj