考研考博-英语-内蒙古电子信息职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古电子信息职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Aconservativemanalways（）hostilitytothechangesthattakeplaceinthecontemporaryworld.

问题1选项

A.cherish

B.embrace

C.embody

D.harbour

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:cherish“珍爱”；B:embrace“包括；拥抱”；C:embody“表现，象征”；D:harbour“隐匿；怀着；包含，藏有”。句意：一个保守的人总是对当今世界发生的变化怀有敌意。根据语境和句意可知D为正确答案。

2.单选题

TheUnitedStatesiscomprisedof48contiguousstatesoccupyingthemidcontinent,AlaskaatthenorthwesternextremeofNorthAmerica,andtheislandstateofHawaiiinthemid-PacificOcean.

问题1选项

A.jealous

B.explosive

C.adjacent

D.distant

【答案】C

【解析】句意：美国由48个接壤的州组成，这些州包括大陆中部、北美西北部的阿拉斯加和太平洋中部的夏威夷州。contiguous意为“邻近的，接壤的”。jealous妒忌的，猜疑的；explosive爆炸的；adjacent邻近的，毗连的；distant遥远的，冷漠的。选项C与之意思相近。

3.单选题

Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch,suchasarticlestoappearinjournals,reportsaddressedtofundingagencies,thesesordissertationsaspartoftherequirementsforuniversitydegrees,andpaperstobepresentedatconferences.Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhichtheyaddress.Wewillnowbrieflydescribethem.

Thejournalarticleisawayofreportingresearchforprofessionaljournalsoreditedcollections.Theresearchisreportedinabrief,yetinformativeway,focusingmostlyonthemainfeaturesoftheresearchsuchasthepurpose,reviewoftheliterature(oftenreferredtoas“background”)，proceduresusedforcarryingouttheresearchaccompaniedbytables,charts,andgraphs,andinterpretationsoftheresults(oftenreferredtoasdiscussion).

Thecontentandemphasisofthejournalarticlewillvaryaccordingtotheintendedreaders(researchersorpractitioners)anditisimportantfortheresearchertobeawareofthebackgroundandinterestofthereadersofthejournal.Articlesintendedtobereadbypractitionerswillemphasizethepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch,whilearticlesintendedtobereadbyresearcherswilldescribeindetailthemethodusedtocollectthedata,theconstructionofthedatacollectionprocedures,andthetechniquesusedforanalyzingthedata.Itisimportantforthenoviceresearchertobeawareofthefactthatarticlessubmittedtojournalsgothroughaprocessofevaluationbyexpertswhomakeajudgmentandrecommendwhethertheyshouldbepublishedornot.

Thethesisordissertationisaformatforreportingresearchwhichgraduatestudentswriteaspartoffulfillingtherequirementsforanadvancedacademicdegree.Thestudentisexpectedtodescribeingreatdetailallthephasesoftheresearchsoitcanbeexaminedandevaluatedcarefullybythereader.Thusthethesisordissertationincludesthepurposeandsignificanceofthestudy,therationale,athoroughreviewoftheliterature,detailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopment,adescriptionoftheprocessofdataanalysisandtheresults,andaninterpretationoftheresultsintheform,ofconclusions,implications,andrecommendations.Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent’sabilitytocarryoutresearch.

Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferencesandseminars,andatsuchmeetingresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally.Theyaresimilartotheresearcharticlesinceresearchisreportedinaconcise,yetinformativeway,focusingonthemostessentialelementsoftheresearch.Handoutsandtransparenciescanalsoaccompanythepresentations.Aswiththeresearcharticle,heretoo,thecontentandemphasisoftheoralreportwilldependtoalargeextentonthetypeofaudiencepresentatthemeetingandwhethertheyareresearchersorpractitioners.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe（）.

2.Wecandistinguishthoseresearchreportsfromeachothermainlythrough（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthispassage?

4.Howcanaprofessorevaluateastudent’scapabilityofimplementingtheresearch?

问题1选项

A.WritingofResearchReports.

B.TypesofJournalArticles

C.TypesofResearchReports.

D.WritingofDifferentArticles.

问题2选项

A.theiraimsandpossibleaudiences

B.theirwritingstyleandlength

C.theirpresentedplacesandtime

D.theircontentandpurposes

问题3选项

A.Allthethesesordissertationsandconferencepapersarereportedinspokenlanguage.

B.Bothjournalarticlesandconferencepapersarereportedinabriefandinformativeway.

C.Bothjournalarticlesandconferencepapersareinfluencedgreatlybytheintendedreceivers.

D.Thevariousformatsofresearchreportsmaybepresentedindifferentways.

问题4选项

A.Byconcentratingonthemainfactorslikethepurpose,background,proceduresanddiscussion.

B.Byemphasizingthepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch.

C.Bynotingthedetailedmethodusedtocollectthedata,theconstructionofthedatacollectionprocedures,thetechniquesforanalyzingthedataandresults,etc.

D.Byfocusingonthedetaileddescriptionoftheresearchsuchasthetools,procedures,theprocessofdataanalysis,theresultsandconclusions,etc.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“最适合该文章的标题是什么？”文章第一段第一句话提到“报告研究的形式有很多，比如刊登在期刊中的文章，给资助机构的报告等”(Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch…)以及第一段最后一句话“我们将会简单描述它们”(wewillnowbrieflydescribethem)，可知选项C“研究报告的种类”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“我们主要可以通过以下哪种方式来区分这些研究报告？”文章第一段提到“这些报告形式相互的主要区别是在其写作目的和针对的受众上”(Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhichtheyaddress)。因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“以下哪个成熟在文章中没被提到？”文章第五段提到会议论文主要以口头形式呈现（Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferencesandseminars,andatsuchmeetingresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally），但是没有提到论文（thesesordissertations）也是以口头形式呈现，因此选项A没有在文中提及，符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“教授如何评估学生执行研究的能力？”文章第四段最后一句提到“对研究过程的详细描述是为了让教授了解学生进行研究的能力”(Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent’sabilitytocarryoutresearch)，而这些详细研究就是前面提到的“detailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopment,adescriptionoftheprocessofdataanalysisandtheresults,andaninterpretationoftheresultsintheform,ofconclusions,implications,andrecommendations”,因此选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Myeldestsisterwentonwiththestoryandyoungchildrenaroundher（）withwonderful!”fromtimetotime.

问题1选项

A.brokeout

B.brokeoff

C.brokein

D.brokeup

【答案】C

【解析】动词词组辨析。breakout“爆发，突发”；breakoff“折断，突然停止”；breakin“打断，闯入”；breakup“打碎，结束”，句意：我的姐姐继续讲故事，围在她身边的小孩子时不时地打断欢呼“太棒了！”。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Think,inthesecondplace,（

）menofmoralprincipleowestosocietyinregardtotheevilswhichcorruptanddegradeit.

问题1选项

A.ofthedutywhich

B.thedutyofwhich

C.thedutyinwhich

D.ofthedutyofwhichthe

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。Think作及物动词用，后面接名词时，一般要加宾补，B和C选项不符合。因此可知此句是thinkof短语中间加入插入语的结构。后面men因为是泛指，不需要定冠词the。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Plasticsheetingshouldbewrappedaroundthetreeinwinnerto（）itfromthewindandthefrost.

问题1选项

A.recover

B.shield

C.shade

D.rescue

【答案】B

【解析】recoverfrom恢复;shield与from庇护,使免遭……;shade不与from搭配,rescuefrom从...中营救。句意：应该用塑料布把树裹起来,以防止风和霜冻。选项B符合句意。

7.填空题

Solvingaproblemcanbebrokenintoseveralsteps.First,theproblemmustbeidentifiedcorrectly.Psychologistsrefer（1）thisstepasproblemrepresentation.Formanyproblems,figuring

（2）

whichinformationisrelevantandwhichisextraneouscanbedifficultandcaninterfere

（3）

arrivingatagoodsolution.Clearly,beforeaproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvious

（4）

theproblemis,however,thisisnotaseasy

（5）

itmightseem.Oneobstacletoefficientproblemrepresentationisfunctionalfixedness,whichis,allowingpreconceivednotionsandevenprejudicestocolorthefacts.Mostpeopletend

（6）

seeobjectsandeventsincertainfixedways,andbybeinginflexibleinviewingtheproblem,theymaybeunabletonoticethetools

（7）

thesolution.Oncetheproblemisidentifiedaccurately,

（8）

,thesecondstepconsists

（9）

consideringthealternativesforasolution.Acommonwaytoevaluatealternativesistowritethem

（10）

andthenmakealist

（11）

advantagesanddisadvantagesforeachsolution.Hereagain,peoplemaybelimitedbypriorexperiences.Oftenpeopleadoptmentalsets

（12）

leadthemtothesameproblem-solvingstrategiesthatweresuccessfulforproblems

（13）

thepast.Althoughthatcanbehelpfulmost

（14）thetime,sometimesanewsituationrequiresadifferentstrategy.

（15）

thatcase,thementalsetmustbeabandoned,andnewalternativesmustbeexplored.

【答案】（1）to

（2）out

（3）with

（4）what

（5）as

（6）to

（7）for

（8）however

（9）of

（10）down

（11）of

（12）that

（13）in

（14）of

（15）In

【解析】（1）考查固定搭配。referto“涉及；指的是”，固定搭配。

（2）考查固定搭配。figureout“弄清楚；想出；算出”。

（3）考查固定搭配。interferewith“干扰，干涉”。

（4）考查主语同位语从句。it是形式主语，whattheproblemis是真正的主语。

（5）考查固定搭配。as…as…“像……一样”。

（6）考查固定搭配。tendtodosth.“倾向于做某事”。

（7）考查介词的用法。thetoolsforthesolution“解决方案的工具”。

（8）考查逻辑关系。前后是转折关系，所以用however。

（9）考查固定搭配。consistof“构成”。

（10）考查固定搭配。writesth.down“写下……”。

（11）考查介词的用法。alistofsth.“某物的清单”。

（12）考查定语从句。由that引导的定语从句，先行词是sets。

（13）考查固定搭配。inthepast“在过去”。

（14）考查固定搭配。mostofthetime“大部分时间”。

（15）考查固定搭配。inthatcase“既然那样”。

8.单选题

Themanagerthinksitadvisablethatsomeadjustment（）withoutdelay.

问题1选项

A.aremade

B.made

C.bemade

D.willbemade

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中有advisable时用虚拟语气，其形式为：(shoulD.+动词原形,should可省略。故C项正确。句意：经理认为一些调整应该马上进行，刻不容缓。

9.案例题

TheconclusionoftheUruguayRoundofmultilateraltradenegotiationsin1994，andtheestablishmentoftheWTOin1995toprovidetheinstitutionalsupporttothemultilateraltradeagreements,constitutedasignificantmilestoneintheevolutionofthemultilateraltradingsystem.Theprincipleof“singleundertaking，”boundallWTOmemberstoalltheresultsoftheUruguayRoundnegotiations(withtheexceptionofplurilateralagreements),therebyreinforcingthefundamentalprincipleofmost-favorednation(MFN)treatment.WiththeconclusionoftheUruguayRoundandthestrengthenedmultilateraltradingsystem(MTS),therewasanexpectationthatexceptionstomultilateralism,suchasregionaltradeagreements,eventhoughlegallycoveredbytheWTOundercertainconditions,wouldeitherbecomelessofanalterativepolicyoptionforcountriesorwillneedtobeadaptedandconductedinsuchamannerastobecomeoutward-oriented;notinward-looking,andhasconstitutebuildingblocksforthenewmultilateralismusheredinbytheWTO.

ThisobjectivehasbeencontinuallyemphasizedinWTOMinisterialDeclarationsthatreaffirmcommitmenttothesupremacyofmultilateralismwhilerecognizingtheimportantrolethatregionaltradeagreements(RTAs)canplay.Thisisapparentfromparagraph4intheDohaDeclarationwhereWTOMembersstressedtheir“commitmenttotheWTOastheuniqueforumforglobaltraderule-makingandliberalization,whilealsorecognizingthatregionaltradeagreementscanplayanimportantroleinpromotingtheliberalizationandexpansionoftradeandinfosteringdevelopment”.IntheworkprogrammeadoptedatDoha.WTOMembersalsoagreetonegotiationsaimedatclarifyingandimproving,existingWTOprovisionsapplyingtoRTAswhiletakingintoaccounttheirdevelopmentalaspects(paragraph29).Such“developmentalaspectsareaconcreteexpressionofthewideremphasisintheDohaWorkProgrammed(DWP)ondevelopmentissues,includingimplementation-relatedissuesandAsrecognizedbytheseDeclarations,thegrowth,expansionanddeepeningofregionaltradeagreementshasbeenremarkable.AlmostallcountriesintheworldandvirtuallyallWTOMembers(theexceptionbeingMongolia)todayarepartyto,orareintheprocessofnegotiating,atleastoneRTA.Thus,regionalismhasbecomeapolicyoptionformostcountriesandisapermanentfeatureoftheinternationaltradingenvironmentfortheforeseeablefuture.

Anotablefeatureintherecentriseofregionalismisthatcountriesthathavetraditionallyfavoredthemultilateralapproachtotradeliberalization,includingAustralia,NewZealand,Japan,Singapore,IndiaandtheRepublicofKoreahavejoinedtheRTAbandwagon.TheUnitedStateshasalsogivenmoreattentiontoconcludingRTAs.AdifferentcompositionofRTAsinvolvingthewideningofcountrycoveragebeyondthetraditionalregionalzonehasemerged.Significantly,RTAshaveemergedbetweencountriesandentitiesindifferentregions/continents(e.g.EU-Mexico,EU-SouthAfrica,US-Israel.Jordan,Morocco,Chile).Inmostcases,theseagreementsarebilateralinmembership,concludedbytwocountries/entities,includingthecaseoffreetradeagreementsnegotiatedandconcludedbythetwodistinctRTAs(e.g.EU-MERCOSURundernegotiation).

Theexpansion,wideninganddeepeningofRTAshasresultedin,asituationwherebyintra-RTAtradeaccountedforsome40percentofworldtrade(merchandiseimports)in2000andwillaccountforover50percentin2005.Furthermore,intra-RTAtradehasbeensignificant,orhasbecomemoreimportantforRTAmembers.Thus,internationaltradeflowsareincreasinglyconcentratedwithinregionalgroupingsformedbylargetradingnations.

ThequalitativedimensionofRTAsinrespectofcoverageofpolicyareashasalsoevolved.Recent“new-generation”RTAsincreasinglycovernotonlytradeingoods,butalsoother“behindtheborder”regulatoryareas,includingtradeinservices,investment,competitionpolicy,intellectualpropertyrights,governmentprocurement,labor,environmentanddevelopmentcooperation,therebygoingbeyondmultilateraldisciplinesandliberalizationcommitments(“WTO-plus”).Thesearepartandparcelof“deeper”integrationefforts.

Developingcountriesarenoexceptiontotheprocessofexpansionandreinvigorationofthe

RTAs.Theyhaveactivelyparticipatedinregionaltradeagreementsamongthemselves(South-South)andwithdevelopedcountries(North-South).Inadditiontothesesubregionalagreements,variousbilateralpreferentialtradeagreements(PTAs)havebeenlaunchedamongorinvolvingdevelopingcountries,oftenonaninterregionalbasis.

WhatisWTO’sstancetowardregionalism?Howisthedevelopmentofregionalismintheworldrightnow?(5points)

Pleasebrieflyanalyzethepositiveandnegativeeffectsofregionalismtodevelopingcountries.(10points)

Withthethrivingofregionalismintheworld,whatdoyouthinkisthefutureofWTO’smultilateraltradingsystem(MTS)?(10points)

【答案】WTOrecognizestheimportantrolethatregionalismcanplay.

Ontheonehand,regionalismcancauseapositiveeffectondevelopingcountries.Itwillbringalotofchancesfordevelopingcountriestotradewithothertradingpowers,whichwillhelpdevelopingcountriestoincreasetheirstrengthineconomicandtechnology;Ontheotherhand,thenegativeeffectshouldnotbeignoredeither.Becausethedevelopedcountriesareplayingthemainandleadingroleinregionalism,sometimesdevelopingcountrieswillbeinaunfavorablepositionduringtheprocessofcooperatingwithdevelopedcountries.Andtheenvironmentalproblemscausedduringtheseprocessesarealsoabigdisadvantagefordevelopingcountries.

ThedevelopmentofWTO’smultilateraltradingsystemmaybestuckintroubleandsomeofitsconventionswillbehit.

10.单选题

Beforethe1980s,theideaofhealthinsurancewasquite（

）tothoselivinginthemainlandofChina.

问题1选项

A.overseas

B.abroad

C.foreign

D.offshore

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。A选项overseas“海外的，国外的”；B选项abroad“在国外”；C选项foreign“外国的，陌生的”;D选项offshore“近海的’；句意是‘主语theideaofhealthinsurance医疗保险’这个概念在20世纪80年代之前对居民来说是…，C选项符合句意，正确。

11.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandputyouranswersonAnswerSheet.

皮影戏（ShadowPlay）是中国民间广为流传的傀儡戏之一，两千年前的西汉时期诞生在中国陕西，清代在河北盛极一时。皮影戏的人物道具用兽皮或纸板剪成，演员在一块隔亮布后操纵道具进行表演。中国的不少地方戏曲剧种都是从皮影戏中派生而来。如今，中国皮影被世界各国的博物馆收藏，还是中国政府与其他国家领导人相互往来时的馈赠佳品。

【答案】AsoneoftheearliestoperaformsandasortofwidespreadpuppetplayinChina,ShadowpuppetrywasborninShaanxi,China,duringtheWesternHanDynasty2,000yearsago,andflourishedinHebeiduringtheQingDynasty.Itscharactersandpropsaremadeofanimalskinsorpaperboardsandthestorywasperformedbyilluminatingtheseimageswiththehelpoflamplight.Whileperforming,theperformersmanipulatethecharactersbehindthewhitecurtain.ManylocaloperasinChinaarederivedfromshadowplay.Nowadays,Chineseshadowpuppetsarecollectedinmuseumsaroundtheworld,andareoftenpresentedasgiftsbytheChinesegovernmenttoleadersofothercountrieswhentheyinteractwitheachother.

12.单选题

Itisnotcompatiblewiththeequalitarianidealthatthereshouldbesharpdifferencesinthescaleofmonetaryrewardforservicesperformed.InNewZealand,careoftheunderdoghaslongsincebeenamoreimportantconsiderationthanisthecaseinmanyothercountries.Successivegovernmentsmayclaimwithsomejusticetohaveabolishedpoverty,butthishasnotbeendonewithouttheretakingplaceanarrowingofmarginsbetweentherewardsforskilledandunskilledlabor,withitsconsequentdenialofincentivetoacquireskill,tostriveforself-improvement.Thecountry’scitizenshavecometoregardsocialsecurityastheirinalienableright,butbytakingtooreadilyforgrantedtheState’sobligationtowardsthemselvestheyareapttolosesightoftheconversepropositionthattheythemselveshaveobligationstotheState.

Thereluctancetorewardskilledlaboratratescalculatedtoprovideanincentiveforacquiringskillhasitscounterpartinthereluctancetoremuneratethenations’bestscholarsandscientistsonascalesufficienttokeepafairproportionofthemathome.

Thefactisoftendeploredthatsomanyyoungmenofthehighestabilityprefertotakeupacareeroverseas,butitisdoubtfulwhetherhighersalarieswouldstemtheirexodusinmorethanaminordegree.Underanycircumstances,regardlessofmonetaryreward,theintellectualelitewouldbetemptedtogoabroadinsearchofawiderfieldofendeavorthancanbefoundinsosmallacountryasNewZealand.

Inasocietywheregreatwealthisregardedasantisocial,itisnaturalthatostentationshouldbelookedataskance.Marksofdistinctionareliabletobehandicap.Forinstance,thepoliticianwhoacceptsatitledoesnotusuallyimprovehischancesofgainingorretainingofficebydoingso.RichardSeddon,itwillberemembered,consistentlyanddoubtlesswisely,refusedtoacceptaknighthood.Wealthcarrieswithitaminimumofprestige;itisapositivedisadvantagetotheaspiranttoapoliticalcareer.StronglymarkedindividualityoreccentricityareseldominevidenceamongNewZealanders,andevenwheretheydoexist,thequalitiesaretoleratedratherthanappreciated.Theruleofconformityprevails,andiftheAmericanwriter,SydneyGreenbie,istobebelieved,ithasalreadyproducedaconsiderablemeasureofstandardizationamongtheinhabitantsoftheDominion.“Infaceandfeature,inmindandtaste,”writesGreenbie,“themodernNewZealandersaresomuchalikethatitishardtorememberthenamesofpersonsyoumeetcasuallyforlackofdistinguishingcharacteristicstowhichtheeyecancling.”

Underconditionssuchasthosedescribedabove,itisnotsurprisingthatnoprivilegedclassshouldhavecomeintoexistencethroughlongpossessionoflandedestateorotherpermanentsourceofincome.Nevertheless,theclaimthatNewZealandershavedevelopedaclasslesssocietycanscarcelybesubstantiated.Snobbery,whendiscouragedinonequarter,.ispronetoappearinsomenewformelsewhere.RecentinvestigationsbyA.A.CongaltonandR.J.Havighurstshowthatthereisafairlywelldefinedanduniversalappreciationofthegraduatedsocialstatusattachingtovarioussocialoccupations.Resultsofasurveyinwhichacrosssectionofthepublicwasaskedtoansweraseriesofappositequestionsshowed,forexample,thatdoctors,lawyers,andbigbusinessmenweregradedaboveheadsofGovernmentDepartments,clergymen,anduniversityprofessors;thatofficeworkersratedhigherthanshopassistants,minersthanwharflaborers,andsoon.Incidentally,theinvestigationalsobroughttolightthefactthatanyattempttoinquireintotheexistenceofsocialdistinctionswithinthecommunityinvariablyrousedresentment.

Aprivilegedclassbeingalsoaleisuredclass,itsrejectionisinkeepingwithadeep-seatedbeliefthatworkhasavirtueinitsownright,withoutregardtoitsusefulness.Inpioneerdays,whenhandswerefewandsubsistencehardtowin,itwasindeedacrimetoremainidle,andthehabitofseeingidlenessasavicehasendured.Atthebeginningofthegreatslump,whenForbesthePrimeMinister,shockedatwhatthehadseenofthe“dole”duringavisittoEngland,declaredthatsolongasheretainedofficetherewouldbenopaymentwithoutwork,hiswordsappealedtoamoralpreceptdeeplyinculcatednotonlyinthemindsofreactionariesbutofmanyradicalsaswell.

1.OneresultofNewZealand’sefforttoabolishpovertyis______.

2.Somehighabilitypeoplepreferacareeroverseasbecauseof______.

3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheNewZealandsociety?

4.NewZealandisnotaclasslesssocietyinthat______.

5.Ifpeoplebelievethatworkhasavirtueinitsownright,theywilldoallthefollowingEXCEPT______.

问题1选项

A.sharpdifferencesbetweentherichandthepoor

B.theegalitarianidealbecomesincompatible

C.careoftheunderdogbecomesmoreimportant

D.skilllearningandself-improvementarenotdesired

问题2选项

A.fiercecompetitionathome

B.highersocialstatusoverseas

C.moreopportunitiesabroad

D.monetaryrewardathome

问题3选项

A.Ostentation

B.Eccentricity

C.Individuality

D.Conformity

问题4选项

A.snobberyisdiscouragedeverywhereinNewZealand

B.peoplewithmorewealthseemtoenjoyahighsocialstatus

C.thedifferencebetweentherichandthepoorisgreat

D.NewZealandersdon’thaveapermanentsourceofincome

问题5选项

A.seeidlenessasavice

B.trytheirbestnottobeidle

C.notacceptaprivilegedclass

D.inquireintosocialdistinctions

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段第三句Successivegovernmentsmayclaimwithsomejusticetohaveabolishedpoverty,butthishasnotbeendonewithouttheretakingplaceanarrowingofmarginsbetweentherewardsforskilledandunskilledlabor,withitsconsequentdenialofincentivetoacquireskill,tostriveforself-improvement（历届政府可能会不无道理地宣称已经消除了贫困，但这一切都发生在对熟练工人和非熟练工人的报酬差距缩小的情况下，这就剥夺了人们获得技能、追求自我提高的动力）。D选项“技能学习和自我提高都不受欢迎”，文章第一段提到，消除贫困的结果就是剥夺了人们获得技能，追求自我提高的动力，D选项正确。A选项“贫富之间的巨大差异”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“照顾弱者变得更加重要”，文章所说，照顾弱者早已成为比其他许多国家更重要的考虑因素，而不是消除贫困所带来的结果，可排除。因此D选项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第三段第一句Thefactisoftendeploredthatsomanyyoungmenofthehighestabilityprefertotakeupacareeroverseas,butitisdoubtfulwhetherhighersalarieswouldstemtheirexodusinmorethanaminordegree（事实往往令人遗憾的是，如此多的最有能力的年轻人宁愿在海外工作，但更高的薪水是否能阻止他们离开，而不仅仅是一个次要学位，这是值得怀疑的）。C选项“更多的机会在国外”，从文章来看，文章提到无论金钱的高低，知识精英们都会被诱惑到国外去寻找比新西兰这样一个小国更广阔的领域，也就可以推测，海外有更多的机会，C选项的内容符合文章所说。A选项“国内竞争激烈”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“海外较高的社会地位”，文章没有提到此内容，B选项可排除。D选项“国内的金钱回报”，文章所说，无论经济回报的高低，知识精英们都会被诱惑到国外去，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段倒数第三句Theruleofconformityprevails,andiftheAmericanwriter,SydneyGreenbie,istobebelieved,ithasalreadyproducedaconsiderablemeasureofstandardizationamongtheinhabitantsoftheDominion.（顺从的原则占上风，如果美国作家西德尼•格林比的话可信的话，它已经在自治领居民中产生了相当程度的标准化）。D选项“遵守；符合”，从文章来看，新西兰社会中顺从原则会占上风，可推测，遵守最能描述新西兰社会，D选项正确。A选项“卖弄；虚饰”，文章没有提到这一点，A选项可排除。B选项“古怪；怪癖”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除B选项。C选项“个性；个人”，文章所说强烈的个性或怪癖在新西兰人身上很少有明显的表现，即使有，这些品质也得到容忍而不是赞赏，可排除C选项。因此D选项正确。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段倒数第二句Resultsofasurveyinwhichacrosssectionofthepublicwasaskedtoansweraseriesofappositequestionsshowed,forexample,thatdoctors,lawyers,andbigbusinessmenweregradedaboveheadsofGovernmentDepartments,clergymen,anduniversityprofessors;thatofficeworkersratedhigherthanshopassistants,minersthanwharflaborers,andsoon.（医生、律师、大商人等级高于政府部门负责人、神职人员、大学教授”等一系列相关问题的调查结果显示，“医生、律师、大商人等级高于政府部门负责人、神职人员、大学教授等级”；办公室工作人员比店员得分高，矿工比码头工人得分高，等等）。也就可以推测，新西兰社会是存在着阶级关系，并且造成阶级关系明显的就是贫富差距。C选项“富人和穷人之间的差别很大”，符合文章内容，贫富差距造成的阶级关系，C选项正确。A选项“在新西兰，势利是不受欢迎的”，文章所说，势力如果被禁止，那么它就会在别的地方新出现，可排除A选项。B选项“富有的人似乎享有较高的社会地位”，文章没有提到富人会享受更高的社会地位，B选项可排除。D选项“新西兰人没有固定的收入来源”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此C选项正确。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段。D选项“探究社会差异”，文章没有提到这个内容，人们不会去探究社会的差异，D选项正确。A选项“把懒惰看成一种恶习”，可以定位到文章第六段第二句Itwasindeedacrimetoremainidle,andthehabitofseeingidlenessasavicehasendured.（整天无所事事确实是一种罪过，把无所事事视为恶习的习惯一直存在着），也就是把懒惰看成一种恶习，A选项正确。B选项“尽量不闲着”，文章第六段第一句workhasavirtueinitsownright,withoutregardtoitsusefulness.（工作本身有一种优点，不管它有没有用处），当人们把工作视为一种美德的时候，那么可推测，人们会自愿出去工作，B选项可排除。C选项“不接受特权阶级”，文章第六段第一句Aprivilegedclassbeingalsoaleisuredclass,itsrejectionisinkeepingwithadeep-seatedbelief.（特权阶级也是一个悠闲的阶级，对它的排斥与一种根深蒂固的信念是一致的），可推测如果人们去工作，便不会接受特权，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

Theaimofmakingself-criticismforthemistakeistohelpus______sothatweshallnotrepeatthemlater.

问题1选项

A.showoff

B.holdout

C.measureup

D.soberup

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。showoff“炫耀”；holdout“主张”；measureup“合格”；soberup“（使）清醒”。句意：对错误进行自我批评是为了让我们更加清醒，不再重蹈覆辙。选项D符合题意。

14.单选题

“Tear’emapart“Killthefool!”“Murderthereferee!”

Thesearecommonremarksonemayhearatvarioussportingevents.Atthetimetheyaremade,theymayseeminnocentenough.Butlet’snotkidourselves.Theyhavebeenknowntoinfluencebehaviorinsuchawayastoleadtorealbloodshed.Volumeshavebeenwrittenaboutthewaywordsaffectus.Ithasbeenshownthatwordshavingcertainconnotationsmaycauseustoreactinwaysquiteforeigntowhatweconsidertobeourusualhumanisticbehavior.Iseetheterm“opponent”asoneofthosewords.Perhapsthetimehascometodeleteitfromsportsterms.

Thedictionarymeaningoftheterm“opponent”is“adversary”，“enemy”，“onewhoopposesyourinterests.’，Thus,whenaplayermeetsanopponent,heorshemaytendtotreatthatopponentasanenemy.Atsuchtimes,winningmaydominateone’sintellect,andeveryaction,nomatterhowgross,maybeconsideredjustifiable.Irecallanincidentinahandballgamewhenare