考研考博-英语-北京建筑大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京建筑大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Everydreamisamessagefromyourunconsciousself,expressedinacodewhichonlyyoucanunderstandandinterpret.Theimages,colors,moods,andtermsofyourdreamsdependuponyourculture,upbringing,slangandyourownunderstandingofthingsandvalues.Dreamingislikelookingintoamirrorandseeingyourselfwitheyes.

Thefirstdreamswhichwehaveafterfallingasleepoftenrevolvearoundthedayevents.Wegothroughthem,sortingoutanddiscardingthingswedon'tneedtorememberandgaininginsightintothosewedo.Often,weareinspiredwithsuggestionsthatwecanusetoremedythesituationsthatplagueusbyday.Asweprogressthroughthenight’sdreams,theymaytakeupmorefantasticqualities,offeringfancifulexperiences.Theseoftenpleasantimagescanrelievethestressoftheday.Butthedreamwehavejustbeforetheawakingoftencontainsinformationthesubconsciousmindwantstomakeknowntotheconscious.Andthisinformation,ifremembered,interpreted,andunderstood,canserveasanimportanttoolinourlives.

Dependinguponthecontent,dreamcanstrikeuswiththeirpeculiarity,orsometimeseventheiralarmingnature.Somedreamshauntusforyears,notonlybecauseoftheirpersistence,butalsoprimarilybecausewecannotexplainorunderstandthem.Otherdreamsstandoutwiththeweirdmixtureofimages,emotionsandcontext,whichmakeusrememberthemforlife.Recurringdreamsarequitecommon,andweusuallyhavethemwhenacertainlifesituationrepeats,orwearefacingthesameproblemoverandoveragain.Arecurringdreamisoftenasignofsomeemotionalweaknessinournaturewhichcausesusproblemsovertheyears.

Luciddreamsarerare,buttheyareallaboutpeople’sabilitytocontroltheirdreams.Insuchadream,thedreamerbecomesconsciouslyawarethatshe/heisdreaming,andisabletousethememoryandparticipateindreamactionsandemotions.Luciddreamsareusuallyenhancedinasensoryandimaginaryway,andsometimescanbeaccompaniedbypleasantmusic.Peoplecanlearnthetechniquesofcontrollingtheirdreams.Somehistoricmanuscriptsandrecordssaythattheabilitytocontroldreamshelpsapersontoreachahigherdegreeofminddevelopment.ThisiswhatsomeTibetanBuddhistsandIslamfollowerspracticedforthepurposeofelevationinconsciousness.

1.Dreamscanonlybeunderstoodbythedreamerbecause（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,dreams（）.

3.Recurringdreamsoccur（）.

4.Theword“lucid”(Line1,Para.4)refersto（）.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthatdreamsofferusthepotentialto（）.

问题1选项

A.theyarealwaysbasedonyourdeepfeelings

B.theyareexpressedinacodeonlyyoucanunderstand

C.theyarealwayssomethingrelatedtoyourupbringing

D.theyarerelatedtoyourpersonalculture

问题2选项

A.arealwaysaboutthedaysevents,sortingoutthemonebyone

B.areprimarilymeanttorelievethestressoftheday

C.isonlyimportantatthestagejustbeforeyouwakeup

D.movefromdifferentstages,eachwithdifferentfunctions

问题3选项

A.becauseofarepetitionofevents,problemoremotionalweakness

B.becauseofacertainlifesituationthatcausesusstress

C.becauseweareemotionallyweak

D.becausewecannotexplainthem

问题4选项

A.highlyconscious

B.understandable

C.easytoremember

D.clearlypresented

问题5选项

A.predictthefuture

B.improveourconscience

C.increaseourimagination

D.understandingourselves

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段的第一句“Everydreamisamessagefromyourunconsciousself,expressedinacodewhichonlyyoucanunderstandandinterpret.”每一个梦都是来自你潜意识的自我的信息，以一种只有你能理解和解释的代码来表达。以及后面提到的梦取决于你的文化、教养以及你对事物和价值观的理解。所以选项D为最佳答案。A选项在第一段中没有明确提及；B选项“它们是用只有你才理解的代码表达的”从意义上来说等同于题干本身，并没有回答原因；C选项的信息过于片面。

2.根据第二段的内容可知，入睡后的第一个梦是围绕白天发生的事情，通常会从中受到启发；随着梦境的加深有更奇妙的体验，这会缓解我们一天的压力；醒来之前的梦是潜意识里想让我们知道的东西，如果能被理解和记住，对我们大有帮助。A选项错误之处在于：与白天发生的事情相关的是“第一个梦”，而非所有梦；B选项“主要是为了缓解一天的压力”过于绝对，文中并没有说“主要”这一个信息；C选项“只有在你起床前的阶段才重要”，过于绝对化。因此D选项“在不同的阶段间变动，每个阶段有不同的功能”符合题意，不同的阶段可以理解为“第一个梦”、“奇异的景象”、“醒来之前”，他们有着不同的功能。

3.根据第三段的倒数第二句“Recurringdreamsarequitecommon,andweusuallyhavethemwhenacertainlifesituationrepeats,orwearefacingthesameproblemoverandoveragain.”选项A符合原文。

4.根据最后一段的第二句“Insuchadream,thedreamerbecomesconsciouslyawarethatshe/heisdreaming,andisabletousethememoryandparticipateindreamactionsandemotions.”在这样的梦境中，做梦的人能够意识到自己在做梦，能够运用记忆，参与梦境的动作和情感。说明lucid是指意识清醒的。选项A正确。

5.根据最后一段的最后两句“theabilitytocontroldreamshelpsapersontoreachahigherdegreeofminddevelopment.ThisiswhatsomeTibetanBuddhistsandIslamfollowerspracticedforthepurposeofelevationinconsciousness.”控制梦境的能力有助于一个人达到更高程度的心智发展。这就是一些藏传佛教和伊斯兰教信徒为了提升意识而进行的修行。所以，选项B符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

2.单选题

Wecomplainofthedarknessinwhichweliveoutourlives:wedonotunderstandthenatureofexistenceingeneral;weespeciallydonotknowtherelationofourownselftotherestofexistence.Notonlyisourlifeshort,ourknowledgeislimitedentirelytoit,sincewecansee（

）backbeforeourbirth（

）outbeyondourdeath,sothatourconsciousnessisasitwerealightning-flashmomentarilyilluminatingthenight:ittrulyseemsasthoughademonhadmaliciouslyshutoffallfurtherknowledgefromussoastoenjoyourdiscomfiture.

问题1选项

A.either...or

B.neither...nor

C.both…and

D.notonly…butalso

【答案】B

【解析】考查并列连词。空格处句意：我们的知识局限于此，“······出生之前，······我们死亡之后。”我们对于生前死后的知识应为否定状态。四个选项中只有B选项表示否定。

3.单选题

Discontentwiththecostandsometimesimpersonaldeliveryofhealthcarehasfueled

A

B

growthinalternativemedicine,nowa$14billions-a-yearindustry.

C

D

问题1选项

A.sometimes

B.hasfueled

C.alternative

D.$14billions-a-year

【答案】B

【解析】考查主谓一致。主语为discontentwiththecost（对成本的不满）和impersonaldeliveryofhealthcare（非个人医疗服务的提供）表示的是两件不同的事，因此谓语动词用复数形式。

试题答案：B;havefueled

4.单选题

Archaeologicalliteratureisrichindescriptionsofpotmaking.Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.

Theclayusedinprehistoricpotmakingwasinvariablyselectedwiththeutmostcare:oftenitwastradedoverconsiderabledistances.Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.Bycarefulkneading,thepotterremovedtheairbubblesandmadetheclayasplasticaspossible,allowingittobemoldedintoshapeasthepotwasbuiltup,Whenapotisfired,itlosesitswaterandcancrack,sothepotteraddedatempertotheclay,asubstancethathelpedreduceshrinkageandcracking.

Sincesurfacefinishesprovidedapleasingappearanceandalsoimprovedthedurabilityinday-to-dayuse,thepottersmoothedtheexteriorsurfaceofthepotwithwethands.Oftenawetclaysolution,knownasaslip,wasappliedtothesmoothsurface.Brightlycoloredslipswereoftenusedandformedpainteddecorationsonthevessel.Inlatertimes.Glazescameintouseinsomeareas.Aglazeisaformofslipthatturnstoaglasslikefinishduringhigh-temperaturefiring.Whenaslipwasnotapplied,thevesselwasallowedtodryslowlyuntiltheexternalsurfacewasalmostlikeleatherintexture.Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.Somepotswereadornedwithincisedorstampeddecorations.

Mostearlypotterywasthenfiredoveropenhearths.Thevesselswerecoveredwithfast-burningwood;asitburned,theasheswouldallaroundthepotsandbakethemevenlyoverafewhours.Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,whichwouldnotonlybaketheclayandremoveitsplasticity,butalsodissolvecarbonsandironcompounds.Kilnswerealsousedforglazing,whentwofiringswereneeded.Oncefired,thepotswereallowedtocoolslowly,andsmallcrackswererepairedbeforetheywerereadyforuse.

54.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

55.Theword“meticulously”inPara.2isclosestinmeaningto____.

56.Whichofthefollowingwasamethodusedbysomepotterstogivevesselsaglassyfinish?

57.Accordingtothepassage,theadvantageofkilnsoveropenfireswasthatthekilns____.

问题1选项

A.Whyarchaeologistsstudyprehistoricpotmaking.

B.Howearlypotterywasmadeanddecorated.

C.Thedevelopmentofkilnsusedbyearlypotters.

D.ThevarietyofdecorationsonPrehistoricpottery.

问题2选项

A.heavily

B.initially

C.carefully

D.completely

问题3选项

A.Smoothingthemwithwethands.

B.Mixingtheclaywithcoloredsolutions.

C.Bakingthemataveryhightemperature.

D.Rubbingthemwithasmoothhardobject.

问题4选项

A.requiredlesswoodforburning

B.reachedhighertemperatures

C.keptashesawayfromthepots

D.bakedvesselswithoutcrackingthem

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】54.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.（与现代工业陶艺家不同的是，史前工匠们用最简单的技术制作了每一件陶器，但在制作和装饰器皿方面表现出非凡的技巧），可知本文的主旨是B项“早期陶器的制作和装饰”，后文都是在讲早期陶器制作和装饰的过程。

A项“考古学家为什么研究史前造壶”，文中并未提及；C项“早期陶艺家使用的窑炉的发展”，kilns只在文章最后提到，不是文章主题；D项“史前陶器上装饰的种类”，也只是在文中有提及，并不是文章的主旨。

55.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】词义推测题。定位到第二段Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.（粘土的稠度至关重要：它被仔细地捣碎，并与水混合，使其质地完全均匀）。meticulously“仔细地”。A项“大量地；沉重地”，B项“最初”，C项“仔细地；小心翼翼的”，D项“彻底地；完全地”，因此只有C项符合。

56.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干：以下哪种方法是一些陶工用来给器皿玻璃般的饰面？文中第三段倒数第二句Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.（用一块圆石或者类似的东西打磨，可以得到一个光亮、坚硬的表面），因此正确选项为D“用光滑的硬物摩擦它们”。A项“用湿手抚平它们”，这并不能得到一个玻璃般的饰面，而且接下来还有很多步骤；B项“将粘土与有色溶液混合”，文中未体现；C项“在很高的温度下烘烤”，这是glaze“釉料”的制作过程。

57.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。最后一段第三句Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,which…（在被称为窑炉的特殊烘箱中，温度要高得多，这种烘箱……），

是说用这种特殊的烤炉里可以得到高得多的温度，因此正确选项为B“达到更高的温度”。A项“燃烧所需木材较少”，C项“把灰从罐子里拿开”，D项“烘烤容器并且容器没有开裂”，均在文中未体现。

5.单选题

Abouttwiceeverycentury,oneofthemassivestarsinourgalaxyblowsitselfapartinasupernovaexplosionthatsendsmassivequantitiesofradiationandmatterintospaceandgeneratesshockwavesthatsweepthroughthearmsofthegalaxy.Theshockwavesheattheinterstellargas,evaporatesmallclouds,andcompresslargeronestothepointatwhichtheycollapseundertheirowngravitytoformnewstars.Thegeneralpicturethathasbeendevelopedforthesupernovaexplosionanditsaftermathgoessomethinglikethis.Throughoutitsevolution,astarismuchlikealeakyballoon.Itkeepsitsequilibriumfigurethroughabalanceofinternalpressureagainstthetendencytocollapseunderitsownweight.Thepressureisgeneratedbynuclearreactionsinthecoreofthestarwhichmustcontinuallysupplyenergytobalancetheenergythatleaksoutintheformofradiation.Eventuallythenuclearfuelisexhausted,andthepressuredropsinthecore.Withnothingtoholditup,thematterinthecenterofthestarcollapsesinward,creatinghigherandhigherdensitiesandtemperatures,untilthenucleiandelectronsarefusedintoasuper-denselumpofmatterknownasaneutronstar.

Astheoverlyinglayersraindownonthesurfaceoftheneutronstar,thetemperaturerises,untilwithablindingflashofradiation,thecollapseisreversed.Athermonuclearshockwaverunsthroughthenowexpandingstellarenvelope,fusinglighterelementsintoheavieronesandproducingabrilliantvisualoutburstthatcanbeasintenseasthelightof10billionsuns.Theshellofmatterthrownoffbytheexplosionplowsthroughthesurroundinggas,producinganexpandingbubbleofhotgas,withgastemperaturesinthemillionsofdegrees.ThisgaswillemitmostofitsenergyatX-raywavelengths,soitisnotsurprisingthatX-rayobservatorieshaveprovidedsomeofthemostusefulinsightsintothenatureofthesupernovaphenomenon.MorethantwentysupernovaremnantshavenowbeendetectedinX-raystudies.

Recentdiscoveriesofmeteoriteswithanomalousconcentrationsofcertainisotopesindicatethatasupernovamighthaveprecipitatedthebirthofoursolarsystemmorethanfourandahalfbillionyearsago.AlthoughthecloudthatcollapsedtoformtheSunandtheplanetswascomposedprimarilyofhydrogenandhelium,italsocontainedcarbon,nitrogen,andoxygen,elementsessentialforlifeasweknowit.Elementsheavierthanheliumaremanufactureddeepintheinteriorofstarsandwould,forthemostpart,remainthereifitwerenotforthecataclysmicsupernovaexplosionsthatblowgiantstarsapart.Additionally,supernovasproducecloudsofhigh-energyparticlescalledcosmicrays.Thesehigh-energyparticlescontinuallybombardtheEarthandareresponsibleformanyofthegeneticmutationsthatarethedrivingforceoftheevolutionofspecies.

1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribesthecontentofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassageaneutronstaris（

）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemeteoritesmentionedbytheauthorinPara.3（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthefirsteventinthesequencethatleadstotheoccurrenceofasupernova?

5.Theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.TheOriginsandEffectsofSupernovas

B.ViolentChangeintheUniverse

C.TheAftermathofaSupernova

D.TheOriginsandEvolutionofLifeonEarth

问题2选项

A.agaseouscloudcontainingheavyelements

B.anintermediatestagebetweenanordinarystarandasupernova

C.thecoreofanordinarystarthathousesthethermonuclearreactions

D.oneofbillionsofmeteorsthatarescatteredacrossthegalaxybyasupernova

问题3选项

A.containdangerousconcentrationsofradioactivematerials

B.arelargerthanthemeteorsnormallyfoundinasolarsystemlikeours

C.containpiecesofasupernovathatoccurredseveralbillionyearsago

D.includematerialnotcreatedinthenormaldevelopmentofoursolarsystem

问题4选项

A.AnordinarystarbeginstoemittremendousquantitiesofX-rays.

B.Animbalancebetweenlightandheavyelementscausesanordinarystartocollapse.

C.Acloudofinterstellargasrichincarbon,nitrogen,andoxygen,collapsestoformaneutronsstar.

D.Anordinarystarexhaustsitssupplyofnuclearfuelandbeginstocollapse.

问题5选项

A.lifeonEarthisendangeredbyitsconstantexposuretoradiationforcesthatarereleasedbyasupernova

B.lighterelementsareformedfromheavierelementsduringasupernovaastheheavierelementsaretomapart

C.itissometimeseasiertodetectsupernovasbyobservationoftheX-rayspectrumthanbyobservationofvisiblewavelengthsoflight

D.recentlydiscoveredmeteoritesindicatethatEarthandotherplanetsofoursolarsystemsurvivedtheexplosionofasupernovaseveralbillionyearsago

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.本题要求找到这篇文章最恰当的标题。因为文中没有提到和重点关注地球上的生命，排除D选项“地球上的生命的起源和演化”；supernova作为本文的高频词和关键词确定文章讲的是与超新星有关的内容，故应排除B项“宇宙中的激变”；通过分析文章可知主要是介绍了超新星的起源以及为宇宙所带来的影响，A选项“超新星的起源和影响”作为标题最适合。

2.题目是问中子星的定义。根据第一段中的描述超新星爆炸加热气态云并且压缩体积巨大的气态云形成新的恒星。中间阶段类似漏气的气球，不断产生能量保持内外压力，最终能量耗尽，星体内部塌陷，形成高密度和高温星体，原子和电子融合形成超级物质，就被称为中子星。所以B选项“介于一颗普通恒星与超新星之间的中间阶段”正确。

3.本题是问第三段中作者提到的陨石……。A项意为“包含着危险的有放射性物质的聚集”；B项意为“比在像我们一样的太阳系中发现的流星更大”；C项意为“包含数块在数亿年前就存在的超新星”；D项意为“不包括在我们的太阳系的发展中创造出的物质”。根据最后一段第一句Recentdiscoveriesofmeteoriteswithanomalousconcentrationsofcertainisotopesindicatethatasupernovamighthaveprecipitatedthebirthofoursolarsystemmorethanfourandahalfbillionyearsago.最近关于陨石的发现包括有某些异常的核素的聚集表明了一个超新星可能比我们太阳系产生的时间早45亿年时间。确定C选项“包含数块在数亿年前就存在的超新星”正确。

4.本题是问导致超新星存在的第一个首要的事件是什么。根据第一段的描述：在每一百年中有两次银河系中的大质量的恒星就会在超新星爆炸中将自己分解并发射大量的辐射物质并进入太空生成冲击波而席卷整个银河系。这种星级气体加热激波，蒸发了小云朵，并压缩较大的一些到达在自身引力作用下的爆发点最终形成新的恒星，最终会形成中子星。所以D选项“一颗普通的恒星耗尽供应的核燃料并开始爆炸”是第一个发生的事件。

5.由第二段中的内容soitisnotsurprisingthatX-rayobservatorieshaveprovidedsomeofthemostusefulinsightsintothenatureofthesupernovaphenomenon.因此，x射线天文台对超新星现象的本质提供了一些最有用的洞见也就不足为奇了。确定C选项“有时候通过观察X射线光谱来探测超新星比通过观察可见光波段来探测更容易”正确。

6.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.Itisfast.

B.Itisslow.

C.Itworkswell.

D.Itisnotworking.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Canthatclockberight,10:30?

M:Thatclockisalwaysoff.It’s11:05.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheclock?

【解析】细节题。从对话两个时间点可知，这个钟慢了。

7.单选题

Thisisthe（

）pianoonwhichthecomposercreatedsomeofhisgreatestworks.

问题1选项

A.actual

B.genuine

C.real

D.original

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。actual“实际存在的”；genuine“真实的”；real“真实的，实在的”；original“原创的，原来的”。句意：那位作曲家就是在这台钢琴上创作出了他最伟大的作品。D项符合句意，答案D

8.单选题

Intheearly1950s,historianswhostudiedpreindustrialEurope(whichwemaydefinehereasEuropeintheperiodfromroughly1300to1800)began,forthefirsttimeinlargenumbers,toinvestigatemoreofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulationthanthe2or3percentwhocomprisedthepoliticalandsocialelitethekings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,andlocalmagnateswhohadhithertousuallyfilledhistorybooks.Onedifficulty,however,wasthatfewoftheremaining97percentrecordedtheirthoughtsorhadthemchroniclebycontemporaries.Facedwiththissituation,manyhistoriansbasedtheirinvestigationsontheonlyrecordsthatseemedtoexistbirth,marriage,anddeathrecords.Asaresult,muchoftheearlyworkonthenonelitewasaridlystatisticalinnature;reducingthevastmajorityofthepopulationtoasetofnumberswashardlymoreenlighteningthanignoringthemaltogether.Historiansstilldidnotknowwhatthesepeoplethoughtorfelt.

Onewayoutofthisdilemmawastoturntotherecordsoflegalcourts,forherethevoicesofthenonelitecanmostoftenbeheardaswitnesses,plaintiffsanddefendants.Thesedocumentshaveactedas“apointofenterintothementalworldofthepoor”.HistorianssuchasLeRoyLadurieshaveusedthedocumentstoextractcasehistories,whichhaveilluminatedtheattitudesofdifferentsocialgroups(theseattitudesinclude,butarenotconfinedto,attitudestowardcrimeandthelaw)andhaverevealedhowtheauthoritiesadministeredjustice.IthasbeensocietiesthathavehadadevelopedpolicesystemandpracticedRomanlaw,withitswrittendepositions,whosecourtrecordshaveyieldedthemostdatatohistorians.InAnglo-Saxoncountrieshardlyanyofthesebenefitsobtain,butithasstillbeenpossibletogleaninformationfromthestudyoflegaldocuments.

Theextractionofcasehistoriesisnot,however,theonlyusetowhichcourtrecordsmaybeput.HistorianswhostudypreindustrialEuropehaveusedtherecordstoestablishaseriesofcategoriesofcrimeandtoquantifyindictmentsthatwereissuedoveragivennumberofyears.Thisuseoftherecordsdoesyieldsomeinformationaboutthenonelite,butthisinformationgivesuslittleinsightintothementallivesofthenonelite.WealsoknowthatthenumberofindictmentsinpreindustrialEuropebearslittlerelationtothenumberofactualcriminalacts,andwestronglysuspectthattherelationshiphasvariedwidelyovertime.Inaddition,aggregatepopulationestimatesareveryshaky,whichmakesitdifficultforhistorianstocompareratesofcrimeperthousandinonedecadeofthepreindustrialperiodwithratesinanotherdecade.Given,oneinadequacies,itisclearwhythecasehistoryuseofcourtrecordsistobepreferred.

1.Theauthorsuggeststhat,beforetheearly1950’s,mosthistorianswhostudiedpreindustrialEuropedidwhichofthefollowing?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmuchoftheearlyworkbyhistoriansontheEuropeannoneliteofthepreindustrialperiodmighthavebeenmoreilluminatingifthesehistorianshad（

）.

3.TheauthormentionsLeRoyLadurieinorderto（

）.

4.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrueofindictmentsforcrimeinEuropeinthepreindustrialperiod?

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatahistorianwhowishedtocomparecrimeratesperthousandinaEuropeancityinonedecadeofthefifteenthcenturywithcrimeratesinonedecadeofthatcenturywouldprobablybemostaidedbybetterinformationaboutwhichofthefollowing?

问题1选项

A.FailedtomakedistinctionsamongmembersofthepreindustrialEuropeanpoliticalandsocialelite.

B.Usedinvestigatorymethodsthatwerealmostexclusivelystatisticalinnature.

C.InaccuratelyestimatedtheinfluenceofthepreindustrialEuropeanpoliticalandsocialelite.

D.ConfinedtheirworktoanarrowrangeofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulation.

问题2选项

A.useddifferentmethodsofstatisticalanalysistoinvestigatethenonelite

B.beenmoresuccessfulinidentifyingtheattitudesofcivilauthorities,especiallythosewhoadministeredjustice,towardthenonelite

C.beenabletodrawonmoreaccounts,writtenbycontemporariesofthenonelite,thatdescribedwhatthisnonelitethought

D.reliedmoreheavilyonthepersonalrecordsleftbymembersoftheEuropeanpoliticalandsocialelitewholivedduringtheperiodinquestion

问题3选项

A.giveanexampleofahistorianwhohasmadeonekindofuseofcourtrecord

B.citeahistorianwhohasbasedcasehistoriesonthebirth,marriage,anddeathrecordsofthenonelite

C.identifytheauthorofthequotationcitedintheprevioussentence

D.gainauthoritativesupportfortheviewthatthecasehistoryapproachisthemostfruitfulapproachtocourtrecords

问题4选项

A.Theyhaveintermsoftheirnumbers,remainedrelativelyconstantovertime.

B.Theygivethehistorianimportantinformationaboutthementallivesofthoseindicted.

C.Theyarenotaparticularlyaccurateindicationoftheextentofactualcriminalactivity.

D.Theirimportancetohistoriansofthenonelitehasbeengenerally.

问题5选项

A.Thecausesofunrestinthecityduringthetwodecades.

B.Theaggregatenumberofindictmentsinthecitynearesttothecityunder.

C.Thenumberofpeoplewholivedinthecityduringeachofthedecadesunderinvestigation.

D.Thementalattitudesofcriminalsinthecity,includingtheirfeelingsaboutauthority,duringeachofthedecadesunderinvestigation.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段开头提到二十世纪五十年代早期，研究前工业化时代欧洲的史学家首次以众多的人数开始调查前工业化人口中的大多数，而不是那些少数的精英，如国王、将军、法官、贵族等（Intheearly1950s,historianswhostudiedpreindustrialEurope(whichwemaydefinehereasEuropeintheperiodfromroughly1300to1800)began,forthefirsttimeinlargenumbers,toinvestigatemoreofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulationthanthe2or3percentwhocomprisedthepoliticalandsocialelitethekings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,andlocalmagnateswhohadhithertousuallyfilledhistorybooks），由此可推测，在此之前的研究是集中在少数人身上，因此选项D“将他们的研究范围限定在前工业化欧洲的小部分人”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文中可推断出，如果史学家……,那么他们关于前工业时代欧洲非精英阶层的许多早期著作可能更具启发性”。文章第一段提到一个难题是剩下的97%的人中很少有人记录了他们的想法，或者他们同时代人的编年史（Onedifficulty,however,wasthatfewoftheremaining97percentrecordedtheirthoughtsorhadthemchroniclebycontemporaries），意味着如果能够利用同时代的非精英所写的叙述来描述非精英人的想法，将会更具启发性，因此选项C符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章第二段提到摆脱这种困境的一种方法是求助于合法法庭的记录，因为在这里，非精英的声音通常可以作为证人、原告和被告的身份被听到（Onewayoutofthisdilemmawastoturntotherecordsoflegalcourts,forherethevoicesofthenonelitecanmostoftenbeheardaswitnesses,plaintiffsanddefendants），接着提到LeRoylad陪审团等历史学家使用过这些文件（HistorianssuchasLeRoyLadurieshaveusedthedocumentstoextractcasehistories,whichhaveilluminatedtheattitudesofdifferentsocialgroups），由此可知选项A符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章最后一段提到这些记录的使用确实产生了一些关于非精英的信息，但这些信息并不能让我们洞察到非精英的精神生活（Thisuseoftherecordsdoesyieldsomeinformationaboutthenonelite,butthisinformationgivesuslittleinsightintothementallivesofthenonelite），由此可知选项C“它们并不能特别准确地表明实际犯罪活动的程度”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章中可知，一个历史学家希望将欧洲15世纪一个十年内每千人的犯罪率与那个世纪十年内的犯罪率对比，可能最得益于下列哪个信息？”文章最后一段提到对人口总数的估计不可靠，这使得历史学家很难比较前工业化时期十年内的每千人犯罪率与另一个十年的犯罪率（Inaddition,aggregatepopulationestimatesareveryshaky,whichmakesitdifficultforhistorianstocompareratesofcrimeperthousandinonedecadeofthepreindustrialperiodwithratesinanotherdecade），由此可知选项C“在接受调查的几十年中，居住在该市的人数”符合题意。

9.单选题

Manyartistslateinthelastcenturywereinsearchofameanstoexpresstheirindividuality.Moderndancewasoneofthewayssomeofthesepeoplesoughttofreetheircreativespirit.Atthebeginningtherewasnoexactingtechnique,nofoundationfromwhichtobuild.Inlateryears,trial,error,andgeniusfoundedthetechniquesandtheprinciplesofthemovement.Eventually,innovatorsevendrewfromwhattheyconsideredthedreadballet,butfirsttheyhadtodiscardallthatwasacademicsothatthenewcouldbediscovered.ThebeginningsofmoderndancewerehappeningbeforeIsadoraDuncan,butshewasthefirstpersontobringthenewdancetogeneralaudienceandseeitacceptedandacclaimed.

Hersearchforanaturalmovementformsenthertonature.Shebelievedmovementshouldbeasnaturalastheswayingofthetreesandtherollingwavesofthesea,andshouldbeinharmonywiththemovementsoftheEarth.Hergreatcontributionsareinthreeareas.

First,shebegantheexpansionofthekindsofmovementsthatcouldbeusedindance,beforeDuncandanced,balletwastheonlytypeofdanceperformedinconcert.Intheballetthefeetandlegswereemphasized,withvirtuosity(精湛的技巧)shownbycomplicated,designedpositionsandmovements.Duncanperformeddancebyusingallherbodyinthefreestpossibleway.Herdancestemmedfromhersoulandspirit.Shewasoneofthepioneerswhobroketraditionsoothersmightbeabletodeveloptheart.

Hersecondcontributionwasindancecostume.Shediscardedcorset(紧身内衣),balletshoes,andstintcostumes.ThesewerereplacedwithflowingGreciantunics,barefeetandunboundhair.Shebelievedinthenaturalbodybeingallowedtomovefreely,andherdressdisplayedthisideal.

Herthirdcontributionwasintheuseofmusic.Inherperformancessheusedthesymphoniesofgreatmasters,includingBeethovenandWagner,whichwasnottheusualcustom.

Shewasasexcitingandeccentricinherpersonallifeasinherdance.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidnaturerepresenttoIsadoraDuncan?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasanareaofdancethatDuncanw