2022年全国乙卷高考英语试卷解析版

2022年全国乙卷高考英语试卷

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有

两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题L5分，满分

7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选

出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每

段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.

答案是C。

1.（1.5分）Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?

A.Havebreakfast.

B.Takeawalk.

C.Callhisoffice.

【解答】M：Jenny,youcanjustdropmehere.

W：Butwearetwostreetsawayfromtheoffice.

M：It'sfine.Ihadabigbreakfastandfeellikeabitofwalk.

2.（1.5分）WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?

A.Havingameeting.

B.Flyinghome.

C.Workingonaproject.

【解答】W：Hello,George,youlooktired.Didn'tsleepwelllastnight?

M：No,notatall!Ihadtoworkflatouttomeettheprojectdeadline.NowI'mreallyfeelingabit

run-down.

3.（1.5分）Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?

A.It/sbig.

B.Itzsquiet.

C.It'snew.

［解答］W：John,canwegosomeplaceandtalk?It,ssonoisyinhere.

M：Well,thereisasmallparkacrossthestreet.It*susuallynotcrowdedatthistimeofday.

4.（1.5分）Howdoesthewomansound?

A.Annoyed.

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B.Pleased.

C.Puzzled.

【解答】W：We'vegottodosomethingabouttheneighbor'sdog.

M：Why?Hashebeenintoyourflowergardenagain?

W：Theflowergarden,thegarbagecanandyesterday,hestarteddiggingholesintheyard.

5.（1.5分）Whereisthemanzstable?

A.Nearthedoo匚

B.Bythewindow.

C.Inthecomer.

【解答】M：Hello!WehaveareservationinthenameofMr.Jones.Isthereanytablebythe

window?

W：Sorry!Wevegotthiscomertablefbryou.Itzsquiethere,notclosetothedoor.

第二节（共15题；每题1.5分，满分22・5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后

有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你

将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段

对话或独白读两遍。

6.（3分）听第6段材料，回答第（1）、（2）题。

（1）Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?

A.Eatout.

B.Goshopping.

C.Dosports.

（2）Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Bossandsecretary.

B.Hostessandguest.

C.Husbandandwife.

【解答】W：Dave,don'tforgetweareinvitedouttodinnertonight!

M：Oh,yeah.Ialmostforgot.Whattime?

W：Seventhirty.Weshouldleavethehousebysixthirty.Youknowhowbadthetrafficisthat

timeofnight.

M：It'sinformal,isn'tit?

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W：Yeah.youcanwearyournewsportsjacket,theoneIgotyouasananniversarygift.

M：Okay,well!Iforgottogo.1111trytogethomealittleearliertoday

W：Good.

7.(3分)听第7段材料，回答第(1)、(2)题。

(1)WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?

A.Theirbusinessisslow.

B.Theweatherisfavorable.

C.It,seasytohirepeople.

(2)Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?

A.Finishitallatonce.

B.Havethesalessectiongofirst.

C.Doonedepartmentatatime.

【解答1M：Weneedtodecideexactlywhenweregoingtomove.Anysuggestions?

W：IthinkJulywouldbethebesttime.Oursalesarealwaysdownthatmonth.Wecouldmove

alltheofficeequipmentattheweekend.Doeverythingatonce.

M：Ithinktheweekend'stooshort.Maybeweshoulddoitdepartmentbydepartment.

W：Whatdoyoumean?

M：Well,eachweekadifferentdepartmentwouldmove.Thatway,therewouldalwaysbe

peopleheretohandlecustomerincrease,phonecallsandsoon.

W：En,thafsagoodidea.

8.(4.5分)听第8段材料，回答第(1)至(3)题。

(1)WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?

A.Howtoappreciateartworks.

B.Howtodealwithartists.

C.Howtorunamuseum.

(2)WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?

A.Hestudiedatacollege.

B.Heservedinthearmy.

C.Heworkedinagallery.

(3)WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?

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A.Rembrandfs.

B.Botticelli*s.

C.Rubens1.

【解答】1.W：So,Mr.PeterCells.Tdbecurioustoknowwhatweretheearlyconnectionsin

yourlifethat

leadyouintotheartfield.

M：MygrandfatherwasanartdealerinMunich.TheyhadagreatmuseuminMunich.hetook

metothemuseumandIrespondedverystronglytowhatIsawonthewallsthere.Ilearned

aboutartfromhim.Ilearnedaboutlookingatartfromhim.lthinkthafswhatreallygotme

started.Then,manyyearslater,afterIgotoutofthearmy,Iwenttostudyarthistoryatthe

UniversityofChicago.

W：Tellusmoreaboutyourexperiencesoflookingatartswithyourgrandfather.

M：Well,welookedatthefamouspaintingsbythegreatartistslikeRembrand,Kirchnerand

AlbertoBurri.Ruber'spaintingsweremyfavorites.Yes,Irememberthesethings.Thiswas

whenIwasbetweentenandfifteen.WhenIwasfourteen,Iwassoanxioustoseemoreartthat

afriendofmineandIbicycledacrossthealpstoseeVenice.That,wasabigadventure.

9.(6分)听第9段材料，回答第(1)至(4)题。

(1)Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Atalibrary.

B.Inalawfirm.

C.Onatrain.

(2)BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?

A.March.

B.August.

C.October.

(3)WhydidJohnquithispart-timejob?

A.Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.

B.Hewasofferedabetterone.

C.Hegottiredofit.

(4)WhatisSusan'sattitudetoJohn'sproblem?

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A.Carefree.

B.Understanding.

C.Forgiving.

【解答】W：Hi,John,haven'tseenyouforages!

M：Hi,Susan.Fancymeetingyouhereonthetrain!

W：Howisyourcollegelife?

M：WhatcanIsay?Ihavesurvived!

W：Whathappened?

M：Well,earlylastmarch,Istarteddoingaparttimejobinalawfirm.Afewweeksbefore,

Ihadstartedwritingmytermpaper.IthoughtIcouldfinishitbyAugust.

W：Thatwasaprettygoodideatryingtohavesomeworkexperience.

M：Forthefirstthreeweeks,youknow,Itried.Igotupearlyandworkedforanhouronmy

paperbeforegoingtowork.Butworkwassofun.1mettonsofnewpeopleandsoonIcould

findevenaminuteformypaper,soIhadtoquitmyparttimejobandfinallyfinishedmy

paperinOctober.

W：Well,it'snevertoolatetomend.It'skindofhardtofindabalancebetweenwhatyou

havetodoandwhatyouwanttodo.

M：Yeah,it'sreallyimportantfbrmetobalancestudyandwork.AndIthinkIshouldlearnto

exercisesomeself-control.

10.(6分)听第10段材料，回答第(1)至(4)题。

(1)Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?

A.Afitnesscoach.

B.Achessplayer.

C.Amarathonrunner.

(2)Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantfbrthespeaker?

A.HewasmotivatedbyBolt.

B.Hebrokeaworldrecord.

C.Hewonfifthplace.

(3)Whichisthehardestfbrthespeaker?

A.Gettingoveraninjury.

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B.Doingstrengthtraining.

C.RepresentingBotswana.

（4）Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?

A.Hisplantogofbrthegold.

B.Hisexperienceonthetrack.

C.Hislovefbrhishomecountry.

【解答】Beinganathleteisveryfun,painfulandexciting.EverytimeIcometothetrack,I

feellikeI'moutofthisplace.ThisisBarcelonaNationalStadium.ThisiswhereItrain.When

1sawUsainBoltrunninginthe2012LondonOlympics,1wasamazedJustwatchinghimrun

gotmemotivated.!quittedbeingachessplayerandstartedtorun.Iwenttothe2016Olympics

andwenttothefinalsattheageofeighteen,andwowIfinishedfifth.ltwasadreamcometrue

tome.ButIstillwantedmore.Thetrainingissuperhard,butthehardestpartfbrmeisthatIgot

aninjury,theInjurywhichmaytakemeoutfbryears.Foraperiodoftime,asayoungathlete,

Ididnotknowwhattodo.Ilostfocus.ButnowPmbackonthetrack.Ireallywanttobethere

attheOlympicsanddowhatIdidbefore,domuch,muchgreater.1don'tcareaboutthegold.1

don'tcareaboutthesilver.Iwanttodomybest.Youknow,takeeverythingandshowittothe

world.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40）第一节（共15题；每题2分，满分30分）阅读下

列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

11.（6分）

A

HenryRaeburn（1756-1823）

TheExhibition

ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbest

lovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughoutthe

world,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.

LectureSeries

ScottishNationalPortrait（肖像画）Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesfbrthegeneral

public.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.

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AnIntroductiontoRaeburnRaeburn'sEnglishContemporaries

Sunday26Oct.,15.00Thursday30Oct.,13.10

DUNCANTHOMSONJUDYEGERTON

CharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburnandArtisfsTraininginthe

Raeburn'sPortraits18thCentury

Thursday6Nov.,13.10Thursday13Nov.,13.10

NICHOLASPHILLIPSONMARTINPOSTLE

ExhibitionTimes

Monday-Saturday10.00-17.45Sunday12.00-17.45

Lastadmissiontotheexhibition：17.15.Thereisnore-admission.

Closed：24-26Decemberand1January

Admission

£4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.

SchoolsandColleges

Aspeciallowentrancechargeof£2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,

uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.

(1)WhatistherighttimefbrattendingRaeburn'sEnglishContemporaries?B

A.Sun.26Oct.

B.Thurs.30Oct.

C.Thurs.6Nov.

D.Thurs.13Nov.

(2)Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payfbradmission?B

A.£4.

B.£8.

C.£12.

D.£16.

(3)Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?C

A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.

B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.

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C.Theymustbeledbyteachers.

D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.

【解答】（1）B.细节理解题。根据表格Raeburn'sEnglishContemporaries部分Thursday30

Oct.（10月30日星期四）。可知参加雷伯恩的《英国当代人》的时间是10月30日星期

四。故选B。

（2）B.数字计算题。根据Admission部分"Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadult

areadmittedfree.（4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。）可知，一对夫妇

应付4+4=8英镑，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费总共为8英镑。

故选B。

（3）C.推理判断题。根据最后。段Aspeciallowentrancechargeof£2perpersonisavailable

toallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel，inorganised

groupswithteachers.（所有接受全日制教育的学生（包括学士学位学生）都可以参加有组

织的有老师的团体，收取每人2英镑的特别低入学费用。）可知，全日制学生要获得团体

折扣必须由老师领导。故选C。

12.（8分）

B

In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.-Dorothy

WoodrufFandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainsto

teachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensive

clothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheld

togetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted：

TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisa

magazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff'sgranddaughter.

Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,they

realizedwhattheyhadundertaken.

Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,

rarebaths，andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Some

mornings，RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildren

weepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.

InWickenden*sbook，sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism，

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whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls*decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsection

concernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,

ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.

Wickendcnisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(坚忍)of

thepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onher

horse,lookingdownfromahilltop："Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itsheda

rosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals：

foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.1'

(1)WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A

A.Toteachinaschool.

B.TostudyAmericanhistory.

C.Towriteabook.

D.Todosightseeing.

(2)Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?D

A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.

B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.

C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.

D.Theysufferedseverehardships.

(3)WhichpartofWickenden*swritingishair-raising?C

A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.

B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.

C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.

D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.

(4)Whatisthetext?B

A.Anewsreport.

B.Abookreview.

C.Achildren'sstory.

D.Adiaryentry.

【解答】(1)A.细节理解题。根据第一段In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriends

fromAuburn,N.Y.-DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlement

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intheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.（1916年,来自纽约奥本市的

两个富裕家庭的女孩---DorothyWoodruff和RosamondUnderwood---来到落基山

脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。）可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落

基山脉是为了在学校里教书。故选A。

（2）D.推理判断题。根据第三段Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlike

them,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupin

themoming.（他们搬到了当地的一个家庭，哈里森一家，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，

很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上有一层雪。）以及Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudover

ice.（在春天，雪被泥覆盖在冰上。）可知，从第三段中我们可以了解到女孩们的生活条

件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D。

（3）C.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingofthe

railroads,whichentaileddrillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.（令人

毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这需要在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。）可知，

Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C。

（4）B.文章类型题。根据倒数第二段ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturnto

Auburn.（这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。）以及最后一段Wickendenisavery

goodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosome

beautifulwriting.（Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创

作出了一些美丽的作品。）可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了

评价，所以是一篇书评。A.Anewsreport新闻报道；B.Abookreview书评；C.Achildren^

story儿童故事；D.Adiaryentry日记条目。故选Bo

13.（8分）

C

Canasmallgroupofdrones（无人机）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,

atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatisthevery

likelyfutureofapplyingtodayfs"eyesintheskyntechnologytomakingsurethatthemillions

ofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基li出设施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona

24/7basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddo

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preciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructure

suchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycan

beinspected，themorerailwaysafety，reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbe

improved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailway

personnelsafety.ltiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billion

eurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectand

repairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdrones

assistingthecrews'efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservices

forrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafety

problems.Toperfbnnthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersare

nowworkingonanewconcept：theraildronesofthefiiture.Theywillbemovingonthetrack

aheadofthetrain，andprogrammedtorunautonomously.Verysmalldroneswithadvanced

sensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirability

toseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreact

intime.

(1)Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A

A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.

B.Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.

C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.

D.Droneszreliableperformanceinremoteareas.

(2)Whatdoes"maintenance"underlinedinparagraph3referto?C

A.Personnelsafety.

B.Assistancefromdrones.

C.Inspectionandrepair.

□.Constructionofinfrastructure.

(3)Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?B

A.Toprovideearlywarning.

B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.

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C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.

D.Toacceleratetransportation.

（4）Whichisthemostsuitabletitlefbrthetext?D

A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones

B.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded

C.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace

D.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways

【解答】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第二段Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-

tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesand

othervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksand

switchingpoints.（无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查

铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置。）可知使无

人机应用于铁路线路成为可能的原因是无人机检查电力线路的使用。故选Ao

（2）C.词义猜测题。根据后文ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespend

approximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,

oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.（据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年

在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修

铁路基础设施）”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于inspectandrepairtherail

infrastructure（检查和维修铁路基础设施。maintain指的是”检查和维修”。A.Personnel

safety人员安全；B.Assistancefromdrones无人机的协助；C.Inspectionandrepair检查和

维修；D.Constructionofinfrastructure基础设施建设。故选Co

（3）B.推理判断题o根据最后一段Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept：therail

dronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedto

runautonomously（工程师们现在正在研究一个新概念：未来的铁路无人机。它们将在列

车前方的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行。）可知铁路无人机的预期功能是使列车自动

运行。故选B。

（4）D.标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁

路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元，无人机将改变铁路的未来。

可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项”无人机将如何改变铁路的

未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。

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14.（8分）

D

TheGovemmenfssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyas

Ministersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.

FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan

5gofsugarper100mbwasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（月巴胖）.Itisbelieved

thattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,

puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.

Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake£520mayearfortheTreasury.However,data

ofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitis

expectedtogenerate£240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.

Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscut

bymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45million

fewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers*effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingto

Treasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24p

fbreverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.

However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartax

andarerefusingtochangefbrfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksand

mostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1m

litresperyear.

Today*sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethe

sugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsfbrsportsfacilities（设施）andhealthiereating

inschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreat

importance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

（1）Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?C

A.Tocollectmoneyfbrschools.

B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.

C.Toprotectchildren'shealth.

D.Toencourageresearchineducation.

（2）Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?D

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A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.

B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.

C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.

D.Theyreducedtheirproducts*sugarcontent.

(3)Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?D

A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.

B.Milk-baseddrinks.

C.Fruitjuices.

D.ClassicCoke.

(4)Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?B

A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.

B.Itisasuccessstory.

C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.

D.Itupsetscustomers.

【解答】(1)C.细节理解题。根据文章第二段FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhich

appliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelp

reducechildhoodobesity.(该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g

的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。)以及本段最后一句puttingthematahigherriskofthe

disease.(使他们面临更高的疾病风险。)关键词是"childhoodobesity"和"ahigherriskofthe

disease”，可知，征收糖税的目的是保护儿童健康。故选C。

(2)D.细节理解题。根据第四段中Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshops

havehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnow

contain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers*effortstoavoidthecharge

(此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税。由

于制造商努力避免收费,饮料中的糖含量现在减少了4500万公斤。)注意原文中的"s。they

canavoidpayingthetax"和"toavoidthecharge”是目的。使用的应对措施就是"hadtheir

sugarlevelscut”以及“45millionfewerkilosofsugar”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低产品的

含糖量来应对糖税。故选D。

(3)D.推理判断题。根据第五段中的However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCoca

Cola，haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsetting

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consumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asare

smallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如经

典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为

原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的。）

选项中A.大多数酒精饮料.；B.牛奶饮料以及C.果汁是免税的。可知，糖税主要来自经典

可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D。

（4）B.推理判断题。根据文章第一段TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbrought

inhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataon

thepolicyhasshown.（有关该政策的第一份官方数据显示，政府对软饮料征收的糖税带来

的收入是部长们最初预计的一半。）以及最后一段中Today'sfigures,accordingtoone

governmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsof

poundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天

的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑。）原

文中的"positiveinfluence”可推知关于糖税政策的采用，这是一个成功的故事。故选B。

第二节（共5题；每题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空

白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

15.（10分）Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaysto

sustain（保持）long-distancefriendships.

•Setaregulardate

Long-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact（联系）

andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.

（1）D.

•Moreisn'talwaysmerrier

Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyou

wantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.（2）B.Thereare

alternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavinga

groupchat.

•Practiseempathy（共情）

（3）G.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltime

demandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbe

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sympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.

•(4)A

Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distance

friendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extra

effortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.SimpIykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends'

birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.

,Don'trelyontechnologyalone

(5)F,butlong-distance