2024年牛津译林版英语中考信息还原解题技巧讲解

中考信息还原解题技巧讲解【题型综述】信息还原题目属于技巧性很强的题型，对于学生的逻辑分析能力，主旨总结能力都有很高的要求。做这一类题目一定要借助自己已有的篇章分析能力，分析句子的功能，分析词汇在篇章中出现的概率，从而指导我们去解题。【解题技巧1】首段段末类句型【讲前演练】分析下列两篇信息还原的原文的开头，并指出黑体部分的句子有什么共同之处。文章一：（2023上·江苏连云港）Preexamstressisoneofthebiggestproblemsinstudents’lives.Itmakesyoufeelbadandstopsyoufromthinkingclearly.Herearesometipstohelpyoulowerthestressofexams.FeelluckyaboutwhatyouhaveSomepeoplearealreadylucky.Buttheyjustdon’tknowit.Insteadofgivingallyour...Trysomethingnew.Luckdoesn’tjusthappentoyou—itestoyouwhenyou’reopen.Learninganewskill...AskforhelpifnecessarySometimespeoplewouldbereadytohelpyouout.Ifyouareintrouble....文章二：（2022上·江苏苏州·九年级星海实验中学校考期末）Asparents,beingagoodlistenertokidsshouldbealongjourney.Herearesomewaystoimprove.Beasincerelistener.Whenyourchildistalking,givehereyecontact.Atthesametime,payattentiontoherwords,feelingsandbodylanguage.Startsmall.Insteadofaimingtolistentoourchildforanhourortwo,startwithagoalofspendingfiveminutesadaylisteningtoeachother.Askopenendedquestions.Closedquestionscanbeansweredwith“yes”or“no”,andclosethedoorofmunication.Openquestionsdon’thavearightorwronganswer.Theyencouragethinkingandmunication.Forexample,insteadof“Doyouhaveagoodtimeatschooltoday?”,try“Whatwasyourfavouritepartofday?”or“Whatwoulditbeliketohavewingsinsteadofarms?”仔细分析上面的两篇文章的首段段末的句子，你会发现这些句子的功能多为承上启下，如文章一种的herearesometipstohelpyoulowerthestressofexams.既和上文中提到的stress相关，其中的tips又很好的总结归纳了后文中所提到的一些建议。因此，在选择首段段末的句子时，我们多选这种承上启下的总结性的句子，如：Herearesomesuggestions/ways/advice/tips...【对点练习1】解答第1题（2022上·江苏宿迁）HowCanYouCreateLuckinEverydayLife?Whatisluck?Itisagreedthatmoregoodthingshappentosomepeople.Let’sjustcallthatluck.Nowwouldyouliketobeoneoftheseluckypeople?____________1_________Feelluckyaboutwhatyouhave_____________2________Buttheyjustdon’tknowit.Insteadofgivingallyourattentiontowhatyouareshortof,lookathowluckyyouarealready.Nodoubtyouhavesomewonderfulfriends,andaroofoveryourhead._________3____________Luckdoesn’tjusthappentoyou—itestoyouwhenyou’reopen.Learninganewskill,visitinganewplaceandtryinganewhobbyaregreatwaysofcreatingyourchances.DoitrightnowYou’llnevercreateanyluckifyousittherewaitingforittofallintoyourlap(大腿).____________4_________Youwillfindyoucreatemoreluckineverydaylife.AskforhelpifnecessarySometimespeoplewouldbereadytohelpyouout.______5___________don’twaitforotherstoofferyouhelpbutgoandaskthemiftheywillgiveyouahand.A．TrysomethingnewB．Trysomespecialthings.C．IfyouareintroubleD．Whenyouarebusy.E．Somepeoplearealreadylucky.F．Acttowardsyourgoalsatonce.G．Herearefourtopsuggestionsforcreatingyourownluck.【解题技巧2】小标题类句型【讲前演练】分析下列两篇信息还原的原文的小标题，并指出这些句子有什么共同之处。文章一：（2023上·江苏连云港·九年级统考期末）Preexamstressisoneofthebiggestproblemsinstudents’lives.Itmakesyoufeelbadandstopsyoufromthinkingclearly.Herearesometipstohelpyoulowerthestressofexams.FeelluckyaboutwhatyouhaveSomepeoplearealreadylucky.Buttheyjustdon’tknowit.Insteadofgivingallyour...Trysomethingnew.Luckdoesn’tjusthappentoyou—itestoyouwhenyou’reopen.Learninganewskill...AskforhelpifnecessarySometimespeoplewouldbereadytohelpyouout.Ifyouareintrouble....文章二：（2022上·江苏苏州·九年级星海实验中学校考期末）Asparents,beingagoodlistenertokidsshouldbealongjourney.Herearesomewaystoimprove.Beasincerelistener.Whenyourchildistalking,givehereyecontact.Atthesametime,payattentiontoherwords,feelingsandbodylanguage.Startsmall.Insteadofaimingtolistentoourchildforanhourortwo,startwithagoalofspendingfiveminutesadaylisteningtoeachother.Askopenendedquestions.Closedquestionscanbeansweredwith“yes”or“no”,andclosethedoorofmunication.Openquestionsdon’thavearightorwronganswer.Theyencouragethinkingandmunication.Forexample,insteadof“Doyouhaveagoodtimeatschooltoday?”,try“Whatwasyourfavouritepartofday?”or“Whatwoulditbeliketohavewingsinsteadofarms?”分析上面的小标题就会发现，小标题类句型特点无外乎三个，即1.短小精悍2.动宾结构3.多为祈使句，因此日常在做说明文的小标题类的题目时要注意这三个特点。【对点练习2】解答第3题（2022上·江苏宿迁）HowCanYouCreateLuckinEverydayLife?Whatisluck?Itisagreedthatmoregoodthingshappentosomepeople.Let’sjustcallthatluck.Nowwouldyouliketobeoneoftheseluckypeople?____________1_________Feelluckyaboutwhatyouhave_____________2________Buttheyjustdon’tknowit.Insteadofgivingallyourattentiontowhatyouareshortof,lookathowluckyyouarealready.Nodoubtyouhavesomewonderfulfriends,andaroofoveryourhead._________3____________Luckdoesn’tjusthappentoyou—itestoyouwhenyou’reopen.Learninganewskill,visitinganewplaceandtryinganewhobbyaregreatwaysofcreatingyourchances.DoitrightnowYou’llnevercreateanyluckifyousittherewaitingforittofallintoyourlap(大腿).____________4_________Youwillfindyoucreatemoreluckineverydaylife.AskforhelpifnecessarySometimespeoplewouldbereadytohelpyouout.______5___________don’twaitforotherstoofferyouhelpbutgoandaskthemiftheywillgiveyouahand.A．TrysomethingnewB．Trysomespecialthings.C．IfyouareintroubleD．Whenyouarebusy.E．Somepeoplearealreadylucky.F．Acttowardsyourgoalsatonce.G．Herearefourtopsuggestionsforcreatingyourownluck.【解题技巧3】巧用代词【讲前演练】分析选项E和F项中的代词，并猜测选项中的代词可能会代指何种事物。Straightorarched(弯的),thickorthineyebrowseinmanyshapesandsizes.Butwhatareeyebrowsevenfor?Theydon’tkeepuswarmlikeourhair,orhelpusbreathelikeournoses.1ResearchersfromtheUniversityofYorkintheUKbelievethateyebrowshelpedusmunicatebetterwhenwewerestillevolving(进化).Earlyhumanshadlargebrowridges(肩骨).Thishelpedthemshowtheirstrength.Later,asthehumanfaceevolvedtobeesmallerandflatter(更扁平的),oureyebrowsallowedustoexpressplex(复杂的)emotions,aswellasbetterunderstandothers’emotions,TheGuardianreported.2Thisisasignthatsomeoneiswillingtointeract(互动)withothers.Whilepullingoureyebrowsupinthemiddleisanexpressionofsympathy(同情),PennySpikinsfromYorkUniversitytoldTheDailyTelegraph.Ifyoustillfindthishardtounderstand,justdrawasimplefaceonapieceofpaperanddrawalineabovetheeyes.3Youwillfindthatitisveryeasytoshowanger,fearorsurpriseonaface.4Theycanalsoprotectoureyes.Theirarchedshapecanhelptomoverainorsweataroundtothesidesofourfaces,keepingoureyesdry,theBBCreported.Togetherwithoureyelashes(眼睫毛),eyebrowscanalsohelptokeepdustandotherthingsoutofoureyes.5Inthatcase,someresearchersbelievethatwewouldhaveevolvedsameotherfacialfeaturetoperformthesamefunctions(功能).Thatcouldmakeuslookquitedifferent.A．Forexample,aquickflashoftheeyebrows.B．Let’stakerollingone’seyesasanexample.C．Whatifwedidn’thaveeyebrows?D．Youcandrawlinesindifferentshapesanddirections.E．Sowhydowehavethem?F．Butthisisnottheonlypurposeofoureyebrows.G．Eyebrowsstopsweatfromingdownintotheeyes.任何一篇信息还原的选项中，一定会有代词，有的甚至34个选项中都有代词，我们可以通过这样的指示关系，或者代词的单复数形式等，带到原文中，从而快速选出答案。（但是注意一定要细心，上文中可能不止一次出现过代词，做题的时候不要出现任何的指导错误。）【对点练习3】Youngpeopleareoftenunhappywhentheyarewiththeirparents.1..Theyoftenthinkparentsaretoostrictwiththem,andtheyarenevergivenafreehand.

Parentsoftenfinditdifficulttowintheirchildren'strustandtheyseemtoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhentheywereyoung.2..It'soneoftheirwaystoshowthattheygrowupandtheycandowithanydifficultthings.Olderpeopleworrymoreeasily.Mostofthemplanthingsaheadanddon'tliketheirplanstobechanged.

3.

,youwillhavebettersuccessifyouaskbeforeyoureallystartdoingit.Youngpeopleoftenmaketheirparentsangrybytheclothestheywant,themusictheyenjoyandsomethingelse.4..Theyjustfeelthatinthiswaytheycanbecutofffromtheoldpeople'sworldandtheywanttomakeanewcultureoftheirown.Andiftheirparentsdon'tliketheirmusicorclothesortheirmannerofspeech,theyoungpeoplewillfeelveryunhappy.Sometimesyouevendon'twantyourparentstosay“yes”towhatyoudo.5.

.Ifyouplantocontrolyourlife,you'dbetterwinyourparentsoverandtrytogetthemtounderstandyou.Ifyourparentsseethatyouhavehighsenseofresponsibility,theywillcertainlygiveyoutherighttodowhatyouwanttodo.A.Buttheydon'tmeantocauseanytroubleA.Buttheydon'tmeantocauseanytroubleB.YouwillfeelverydisappointedC.WhenyouwantyourparentstoletyoudosomethingD.Theysaythattheirparentsdon'tunderstandthemE.YouwanttostayathomealoneanddowhatyoulikeF.Forexample,youngpeopleliketodothingswithoutmuchthinking【解题技巧4】内容一致【讲前演练】思考黑体部分为什么是正确答案？Askopenendedquestions.Closedquestionscanbeansweredwith“yes”or“no”,andclosethedoorofmunication.Openquestionsdon’thavearightorwronganswer.DongRuoTuoTu:Beabletomoveasquicklyandeasilyasarabbitthathasbrokenloose(挣脱).Itisusedtodescribeactingfast.Oneofthebiggestthingsiswhenpeoplebeeparents,theylikeworryingaboutthings.Theyworryabouteverythingaboutyoufromthetimeyouwereborn.Theydoalotforyou,thoughsomethingwouldmakeyouangrybecausetheycareaboutyouandworryaboutyou.Theyworryaboutthefriendsyouchoose,thefoodyoueat,yourworkatschool,howmuchsleepyouget,etc.每一段落都有每一段段落的中心词汇（出现频率最高的词汇），文章和段落都会紧紧的围绕着这个中心词汇来展开论述，因此在日常做题的时候，我们要先将中心词汇找出来，并结合选项中的内容找到和这个中心词汇内容一致的词汇，他们分别是：1.同义词2.反义词3.同筹词4.同构词【对点练习4】Today’steenshavegrownuponline.1Theydohomeworkonline.Andsurelytheygettheirnewsonline.ButbecausetheyaresofortablewiththeInternet,theyseldomquestionthenewsstoriesonline.NowWilliamColglazier,ahistoryteacheratahighschoolinAmerica,isteachinghisstudentshowtothinkcritically(批判性地)aboutonlineinformationandrecognizeafake(假的)newsstory.Hisideacamefromastudyonpeople’sonlinereasoning(推理)atStanfordUniversity.2Mostmiddleschoolstudentsinthestudycouldnottellthedifferencebetweenanadvertisementandanewsstory,andhighschoolandcollegestudentsfullytrustedthewebsitesendingin“.org”.Thegoodnewsisthat,accordingtoColglazier,onceteensrealizethey’vebeencheated,theyhavestrongwilltotelltruthfromlies.“3andhowtorecognizewhenothersusepoorargumentation(论据),”hesaid.SomeoftheadvicethatColglazieroffershisstudentsincludesmovingoffthesitetofindmoreinformationaboutthesite,thewriter’smotivations(动机)andtheorganizationbehindthenewsstory.4Hehopesmorekidswouldthinkcriticallywhentheyreadnewsonline.“5”hesaid.“Ifpeoplecan’ttellrealnewsfromfakenews,theresultscanbefrightening.”A．TheInternetisbothbeautifulandugly.B．Theymakefriendsonline.C．Thestudyfoundthatyoungpeoplelackabilitytotelltruthfromlies.D．ThestudyfoundthatyoungpeoplelackabilitytoreasonabouttheinformationontheInternet.E．TheInternetisbetweenbeautifulandugly,F．ColglaziersharedsomeofhiscourseswithotherteensinTeenVogue.G．Buttheyneedsomeadviceonhowtofindevidence(证据).【解题技巧5】逻辑一致利用因果，总分，转折关系解题（2022上·江苏苏州·九年级统考期末）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项来补全短文。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inmoderntimes,peopleoftentakeaspirin(阿司匹林)whenhavingaheadache.Isitamodernmedicine?11Morethan4,000yearsago,peopleuseddriedleavesasamedicinetotreatpain.AndinthefourthcenturyB．C．,peoplemadetreebark(树皮)intoamedicinetotreatfevers.Inthenineteenthcentury,peoplediscoveredthatbothmedicineshavethesamechemical(化学物).12Itisaspirin,oneoftheworld’scheapestandmosthelpfulmedicines.13Forexample,TuYouyou,aChinesemedicalresearcher,foundthatinthepast,peopleusedaherb(草本植物)withyellowflowerstotreatfevers.14Itsavedmillionsofpeoplefromdying.15Buttoday,scientistsarestudyingtraditionaltreatmentstodevelopnewmedicines.A．Theyusedthechemicaltomakeamodernmedicine.B．Infact,ithasalonghistory.C．Themedicinecouldpreventpossibledanger.D．Forcenturies,westernmedicinepaidlittleattentiontotraditionalChinesemedicine.E．Therehasbeengreatprogressintechnology.F．Afterstudyingit,shedevelopedanewmedicine.G．SomemedicineswetaketodayefromtraditionalChinesemedicine.句子和句子之间存在着逻辑方面的关系，如总分，转折，【对点练习】（2022上·江苏宿迁）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorningandputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwakeupliesinresettingyourbodyclock.31Hereishowtomakeone.32Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit’simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourreasons,tellyourfamilyaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerrearranging（重新安排）yourmorningactivities.Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes,andbags.33That’saquarterhourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer.Keepyoursleep/wakeschedule（日程安排）onweekends.Ifyou’retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butpensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.34Kееparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou’vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookaty