考研英语模拟试卷248

考研英语模拟试卷248

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Theproblemtobetakenupandthepointatwhichthesearchforasolutionwillbeginarc

customarilyprescribedbytheinvestigator(1)asubjectparticipatinginan(2)

onthinking(orbytheprogrammerforacomputer).(3),prevailingtechniquesof

(4)inthepsychologyofthinkinghaveinvited(5)ofthemotivationalaspects

ofthinking.Theconditionsthatdeterminewhenthepersonwillbegintothinkin

(6)tosomeotheractivity,whathewillthinkabout,whatdirectionhisthinkingwill

take,andwhenhewillregardhissearchforasolutionassuccessfullyterminated(or

abandonitasnotworthpursuingfurther)(7)arebeginningtoattractinvestigation.

(8)muchthinkingisaimedat(9)ends,specialmotivationalproblemsarc

raisedby"disinterested"thinking,inwhichthe(10)ofananswertoaquestionisa

sourceofsatisfactioninitself.Forcomputerspecialists,thedetectionofamismatch

betweentheformulathattheprogramsofarhas(11)andsomeformulaorsetof

requirementsthat(12)asolutioniswhatimpelscontinuationofthesearchand

determinesthedirectionitwill(13).Neo-behaviorists(likepsychoanalysts)have

mademuchofsecondary(14)valueandstimulusgeneralization;i.e.,thetendency

ofastimuluspatterntobecomeasourceofsatisfactionifitresemblesorhas(15)

accompaniedsomeformofbiologicalgratification.Theinsufficiencyofthiskindof

explanationbecomesapparent,(16),whentheimportanceofnovelty,surprise,

complexity,incongruity,ambiguity,and(17)isconsidered.Inconsistencybetween

beliefs,betweenitemsofincomingsensoryinformation,orbetweenone'sbeliefandan

itemofsensoryinformation(18)canbeasourceofdiscomfortimpellinga

(19)forresolutionthroughreorganizationofbelief(20)orthroughselective

acquisitionofnewinforination.

1、Theproblemtobetakenupandthepointatwhichthesearchforasolutionwill

beginarecustomarilyprescribedbytheinvestigator(1)asubjectparticipatinginan

(2)onthinking(orbytheprogrammerforacomputer).(3),prevailing

techniquesof(4)inthepsychologyofthinkinghaveinvited(5)ofthe

motivationalaspectsofthinking.Theconditionsthatdeterminewhenthepersonwill

begintothinkin(6)tosomeotheractivity,whathewillthinkabout,whatdirection

histhinkingwilltake,andwhenhewillregardhissearchforasolutionassuccessfully

terminated(orabandonitasnotworthpursuingfurther)(7)arebeginningtoattract

investigation.(8)muchthinkingisaimedat(9)ends,specialmotivational

pioblemsareraisedby"disinteiested,'thinking,inwhichthe(10)ofanansweitoa

questionisasourceofsatisfactioninitself.Forcomputerspecialists,thedetectionofa

mismatchbetweentheformulathattheprogramsofarhas(11)andsomeformula

orsetofrequirementsthat(12)asolutioniswhatimpelscontinuationofthesearch

anddeterminesthedirectionitwill(13).Neo-bchaviorists(likepsychoanalysts)

havemademuchofsecondary(14)valueandstimulusgeneralization;i.e.,the

tendencyofastimuluspatterntobecomeasourceofsatisfactionifitresemblesorhas

(15)accompaniedsomeformofbiologicalgratification.Theinsufficiencyofthis

kindofexplanationbecomesapparent,(16),whentheimportanceofnovelty,

surprise,complexity,incongruity,ambiguity,and(17)isconsidered.Inconsistency

betweenbeliefs,betweenitemsofincomingsensoryinformation,orbetweenone'sbelief

andanitemofsensoryinformation(18)canbeasourceofdiscomfortimpellinga

(19)forresolutionthroughreorganizationofbelief(20)orthroughselective

acquisitionofnewinformation.

A、for

B、into

C、with

D、by

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、

A、procedure

B、experiment

C、program

D、adventure

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、

A、However

Consequently

C^Thus

D、Simultaneously

标准答案：C

知识点解析：哲无解析

4、

A、encounter

obligation

C、insight

D、inquiry

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、

A、consideration

B、discovery

C、question

D、neglect

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

6、

A、respect

B、preference

C、response

D^return

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、

A、rarely

B、particularly

C、barely

D、definitely

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂•无解析

8、

A、Although

Since

C、Unless

D、Provided

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、

A、normal

B、practical

C、plausible

D、terminal

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、

A、process

B、recognition

C、prediction

D、discovery

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

11、

A、created

B、contributed

C、donated

D、produced

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、

A、demand

B、define

C、defend

D、detect

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

A、follow

B、bring

C^stimulate

D、characterize

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、

A、pressure

emphasis

C^reward

D、profit

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、

A、obviously

B、subsequently

C、frequently

D、commonly

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、

A、though

B、however

C、moreover

D、therefore

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A^popularity

publicity

Cdifficulty

D^uncertainty

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、

A、broadly

B、evidently

C»distinctly

D、confusedly

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

A、search

wish

C、plea

D、talent

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、

A^devices

B、structures

C、systems

D、concepts

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分，共20分。）

ItwasinevitablethatanyofPresidentGeorgeW.Bush'sfanshadtobeverydisappointed

byhisdecisiontoimplementhightariffsonsteelimportedtotheU.S.Thepresident's

defensewaspathetic:Hearguedthatthesteeltariffsweresomehowconsistentwithfree

trade,thatthedomesticindustrywasimportantandstruggling,andthatthereliefwasa

temporarymeasuretoallowtimeforrestructuring.Onereasonthatthisargumentis

absurdisthatU.S.integratedsteelcompanies("BigSteel")havereceivedvariousforms

ofgovernmentprotectionandsubsidyformorethan30years.Insteadofencouragingthe

industrytorestructure,thelong-termprotectionhassustainedinefficientcompaniesand

costU.S.consumersdearly.AsAnneO.Krueger,nowdeputymanagingdirectorofthe

InternationalMonetaryFund,saidinareportonBigSteel:"TheAmericanBigSteel

industryhasbeenthechampionlobbyistandseekerolprotection....Itprovidesakeyand

disillusioningexampleoftheabilitytolobbyinWashingtonformeasureswhichhurtthe

generalpublicandhelpaverysmallgroup'1.Since1950s,BigSteelhasbeenreluctantto

maketheinvestmentsneededtomatchthenewtechnologiesintroducedelsewhere.It

agreedtohighwagesforitsunionizedlaborforce.Hence,thecompanieshavedifficulty

incompetingnotonlywithmoreefficientproducersinAsiaandEuropebutalsowith

technologicallyadvancedU.S.mini-mills,whichrelyonscrapmetalasaninput.Ledby

NucorCor.,thesemillsnowcaptureabouthalfofoverallU.S.sales.Theprofitabilityof

U.S.steelcompaniesdependsalsoonsteelprices,which,despiteattemptsatprotection

bytheU.S.andothergovernments,aredeterminedprimarilyinworldmarkets.These

pricesarerelativelyhighasrecentlyasearly2000buthavesincedeclinedwiththeworld

recessiontoreachthelowestdollarvaluesofthelast20years.Althoughtheselowprices

areunfortunateforU.S.producers,theyarebeneficialfortheoverallU.S.economy.The

lowpricesarcalsosignalthattheinefficientBigSteelcompaniesshouldgooutof

businessevenfasterthantheyhavebeen.Insteadofleavingormodernizing,thedying

BigSteelindustrycomplainsthatforeignersdumpsteelsbysellingatlowprices.

However,itishardtoseewhyitisbadfortheoverallU.S.economyifforeignproducers

wishtosellustheirgoodsatlowprices.Afterall,theextremecaseofdumpingisons

whereforeignersgiveustheirsteelforfreeandwhywouldthatbeabadthing?

21、AccordingtoAnneKrueger,long-termgovernmentprotectiongiventosteel

companies

A^willincreasethestatewealth.

B、willthreatentrademonopoly.

C、willraisetheircompetitiveness.

D^willultimatelyhurtconsumers.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、TheU.S.integratedsteelcompaniesbelievethat,tomodernizetheirtechnologies,

theyareinneedof

A、thesacrificefromU.S.consumers.

thegovernment'sfinancialsupport.

C、thereductionofsteelproductprices.

D、thecompromisefromthelaborforce.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、WhichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofU.S."BigSteel"aspointedoutin

thetext?

A、Lowerefficiency.

B、Lackofprotection.

C、Corporatestructures.

D、Lobbyistaddiction.

标准答案：A

知以点解析：暂无解析

24、Wecandrawaconc'usionfromthetextthattheoverallU.S.economy

A、mustguardagainstforeignerssellingtheirsteelatshockingprices.

B、haddifficultyinsustainingdevelopmentinfaceofforeigncompetitors.

C、canbenefitenormouslyfromthelowerpricesofsteelinworldmarkets.

D^tookadvantageofthegovernment'sprotectiontoenhanceefficiency.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthemeasureadoptedbythePresidentseemstobethat

of

A、approval.

optimism.

C^opposition.

D^indifference.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

OnMar.14,whenWal-MartStoresInc.announceditsfirstforayintoJapan,the

Bentonville(Ark.)retailinggiantplacedabigbetthatitcouldsucceedwherecountless

otherforeigncompanieshavefailed.Inthepastfiveyears,anumberoffamousWestern

brandshavebeenforcedtocloseupshopafterfailingtoCatchoninJapan,oneofthe

world'slargest-butmostvariable-consumermarkets.MayWal-Martmakeagoofit

whereothershavestumbled?Onegoodsignisthatthemassmarketerisnotrushingin

blindly.Ithastakenaninitial6.1%stakeinailingfood-and-clothingchainSeiyuLtd.,

whichitcanraisetoacontrolling33.4%byyearendandto66.7%by2007.Thatgives

Wal-Marttimetoreviseitsstrategy-orrunfortheexits.ThequestioniswhetherWal-

MartcanapplythelessonsithaslearnedinotherpartsofAsiatoJapan.This,afteralLis

anationofnotoriouslyfinickyconsumers——whohavebecomeevenmoresosinceJapan

slippedintoadecadelongslump.HowwillWal-Martbringtobearitslegendarycost­

cuttingsavvyinamarketalreadyaffectedbyfallingprices?Analystsareunderstandably

skeptical."ItisuncertainwhetherWal-Mart'sbusinessmodelswillbeeffectiveinJapan",

Standard&Poor'ssaidinaMar.18report.MuchdependsonwhetherSeiyuturnsoutto

beagoodpartner.The39-year-oldretailerisamemberofthereputedSeibuSaisonretail

groupthatfellonhardtimesintheearly'90s.Italsohasdeeptiestotradinghouse

SumitomoCorp.,whichwilltakea15%stakeintheventurewithWal-Mart.Perhapsthe

bestthingthatcanbesaidofSeiyu's400-oddstoresis(hatthey'renotasdeeplytroubled

asotherlocalretailers.Still,there'sagapingchasmbetweenthetwocorporatecultures.

"We'veneverbeenknownforcheapeverydaypricing",saysaSeiyuspokesman.Another

potentialproblemisSumitomo,whichmaynotwanttoleanonsupplierstotheextent

thatWal-Martroutinelydoes.Theclockisticking.Wal-Martexecutivessaytheyneed

severalmonthsto"study"thedealwithSeiyubeforeactingonit,butinthemeantimea

newwaveofhyper-competitiveJapaneseandforeignrivalsarecarvingupthemarket.If

Wal-Martsucceeds,itwillreduceitsrelianceonitshomemarketevenfurtherand—who

knows?—itmayevenrevolutionizeJapaneseretailinginthesamewayithasintheU.S.

26>Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthetextthat.Wal-MartStoresInc.will

A、revolutionizeJapaneseretailing.

B、tapconsumermarketsinJapan.

C、combineandbecomebigger.

D、withdrawfrommarketsinJapan.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

27,Asmentionedinthetext,Japaneseconsumersaregenerally

A、hardtosatisfy.

B、pronetodeceptions.

C、resistanttoaliens.

D、opentonewideas.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

28、Thephrase"makeagoofit"(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans

A^enjoywidepopularity.

B、exertgreateffort.

C^achievegreatsuccess.

D、isatstake.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

29、ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4that

A、SeiyuwillbeincorporatedintoWal-Martintheforeseeablefuture.

B、Wal-Mart'shasnoalternativebuttochooseSeiyuasitspartner.

C、SeiyudependsinlargemeasureonWal-Martforsurgingprofits.

D、Wal-Mart'scooperationwithSeiyuisstilltobere-examined.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

30、TowardthisadventureofWal-Mart,theauthor'sattitudecanbebestsaidtobe

A、optimistic.

B、objective.

C、pessimistic.

D^defensive.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

PresidentBushtakestothebullypulpittodeliverastemlecturetoAmerica'sbusiness

elite.TheJusticeDept,stunstheaccountingprofessionbyfilingaciiminalindictmentof

ArthurAndersenLLPfbrdestroyingdocumentsrelatedtoitsauditsofEnronCorp.On

CapitolHill,somecongressionalpanelspushonwithbiasedhearingsonEnron'scollapse

and,now,anotherbustedNewEconomystar,telecom'sGlobalCrossing.Lawmakers

signontonewbillsaimedattighteningoversightofeverythingfrompensionsand

accountingtoexecutivepay.Toanyspectators,itwouldbeeasytoconcludethatthe

windsofchangearesweepingCorporateAmerica,ledbyGeorgeW.Bush,whoranas"a

reformerwithresult".Butfarfromdeconstructingthecorporateworldbrickbybrickinto

somethingcleaner,sparer,andstronger,Bushaidesandmanylegislatorsarepreparing

modestlegislativeandadministrativereforms.Insteadofanoverhaul.Bush'steamis

countingonitsenforcers,JusticeandanewlyempoweredSecurities&Exchange

Commission,tomakeexamplesofthemostegregiousoffenders.Theideaisthatbusiness

willquicklygetthemessageandcleanupitsownact.Whywon'ttheoutragedrhetoric

resultinmorechanges?Forstarters,theBushAdministrationwarnsthatanyrushto

legislatecorporatebehaviorcouldproducearaftofflawedhillsthatraisecostswithout

haltingabuses.Businesshasstriventodrivethepointhomewithanintenselobbying

blitzthathasconvincedmanylawmakersthatover-regulationcouldstartlethestock

marketandperhapsendangerthenascenteconomicrecovery.Allthissetsthestagefor

Washingtontogetbusywithpredictablymodestresults.Asurgeofcautionissweeping

would-bereformersontheHill."Theyknowtheydon'twanttomakeabigmistake",says

JerryJ.Jasinowski,presidentoftheNationalAssociationofManufacturers.Thatgo-slow

approachsuitstheWhiteHouse.AidessaythePresident,whilepersonallydisgustedby

Enronrsselloutofitspensioners,isreluctanttoembracenewsanctionsthatfrustrateeven

law-abidingcorporationsandcreatealitigationbonanzafortriallawyers.Instead,the

WhiteHousewillpushfbrnarrowlytargetedaction,mostofitcarriedoutbytheSEC,

theTreasuryDept.,andtheLaborDept.Therightoutcome,TreasurySecretaryPaulH.

O'NeillsaidonMar.15,"dependsontheCongressnotlegislatingthingsthatarcoverthe

top".ToO'NeillandBush,thatmeansenforcingcurrentlawsbeforepassingtoomany

newones.NowhereisthatstanceclearerthanintheAndersenindictment.SotheBush

AdministrationleftthedecisiontoJusticeDept,prosecutorsratherthanWhiteHouse

politicaloperativesortheirreformistfellowsattheSEC.

31、Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat

A、theJusticeDepartmentseizedontheplightofEnron'sworkers.

theWhiteHouserecognizedthatstrictercontrolisapoliticalmust.

C>ThePresidentwasdeterminedtoturnareformedAndersenintoamodel.

D、theWhiteHouserespondedstronglytotheAndersen'sscandal.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、By"outragedrhetoric"(Paragraph3),theauthoristalkingabout

A、anintenselobbyblitzshownincorporatebehavior.

theindignationdisplayedbysomecongressmen.

C、adecisionleftuptoJusticeDept,prosecutors.

D、themessageembodiedinthePresident'sactions.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

33、ItseemsthatthePresident,infaceofthepresentsituation,

A^mustembracenewsanctions.

BNshouldavoidlawenforcement.

C、maybecaughtinadilemma.

D、canstopdeliveringlectures.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

34、TheconclusioncanbedrawnfromthetextthatinthewakeofAndersen'sscandal,

thegovernment

A、maymakeonlymodestchange.

willtakedrasticcountermeasures.

C、willadoptcorporaterestructuring.

D、willinvestigateEnron'scollapse.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

35、Whattheauthorwantstosuggestmaybebestinterpretedas

A、Crimedoesn'tpay.

B、Hastemakeswaste.

C、LookbeIoreyouleap.

D^Ukefather,likeson.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

Asthick-skinnedelectedofficialsgo,FIFAPresidentJosephS.Blatterisrightupthere

withBillClinton.ThechiefoftheZurichbasedgroupthatoverseesWorldCupsoccer

hasn'tbeenaccusedofgropinganyinterns,butthat'saboutallhehasn'tbeenaccusedof.

Votebuying,mismanagement,cronyism-andthat'sjustforstarters.Yetthe66-year-old

Swissshowsnosignofabandoninghiscampaignforasecondfour-yearterm.Blatter,a

geekofdispensingFIFA'Shundredsofmillioninannualrevenuetoinspireloyalty,even

standsagoodchanceofreelection.Atleasthedid.Sincemid-March,hehasseena

crediblechallengeremergeinIssaHayatou,presidentoftheAfricanFootball

Confederation.Hayatou,a55-year-oldfromCameroon,leadsagroupofFIFAreformers

thatalsoincludesFIFAVice-PresidentLennartJohansson,aSwedewholostthe

presidentialelectiontoBlatterin1998.Thesecontenders'mission:toendwhattheycall

thecultureofsecrecyandlackofaccountabilitythatthreatensFIFAwithfinancial

disaster.Representativesoftheworld's204nationalsoccerassociationsmeetinSeoulon

May29,andtherebelsaregivenachanceofunseatingBlatter.Buteventheyconcede

thattheFIFAhonchowon'tbeeasytodislodge.Blatter'sstayingpowerseemsincredible,

giventhearrayofmisdeedsattributedtohimandhiscircle.However,therearesignsthat

FIFA'StroublesarebiggerthanBlatterissaying.Theinsurgentshavealreadywonone

victory:TheypersuadedtherestoftheexecutiveboardtoorderanauditolFIFA

finances.BuiBlatterwhoclaims,throughaspokesman,thattheaccusationsareasmear

campaign-shouldnotbeunderestimated.Atleastpublicly,sponsorsandmember

associationsremainremarkablysilentwiththecontroversy.Forexample,thereisno

outwardsignofoutragefromGermansportsequipmentmakerAdidas-Salomon,whichis

spendingmuchofits$625millionmarketingbudgetontheWorldCup."Wcdon'texpect

currentdevelopmentswithinFIFAtohaveanegativeimpactonourexpectations"forthe

WorldCup,saysMichaelRiehl,Adidasheadofglobalsportsmarketing.The

conventionalwisdomisthatfansdon'tcareaboutFIFApolitics.SaysBerndSchiphorst,

presidentofHerthaBSCBerlin,atoprankedGermanteam:"I'venofearthatallthese

discussionsaregoingtotouchtheevent".Still,theOlympicbriberyscandalsandthe

dopingaffairintheTourdeFranceshowthatsleazydealingscanstainthemost

venerableathleticspectacle.nFortheGoodoftheGame"isFIFA'Sofficialmotto.The

nextfewmonthsshouldshowwhetheritringstrue.

36、Thewriter'sattitudetowardFIFAPresidentBlatterseemstobethatof

slightsupport.

B、highappreciation.

C、strongcontempt.

D、reservedconsent.

标准答案.C

知识点露斤：暂无解析

37、ThecontendersasmentionedinthetextcriticizedBlatterfbrhis

A、mismanagementofFIFAfinances.

incrediblestayingpower.

C、negativeimpactontheirexpectations.

D、globalsportsmarketing.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、Bymentioning"thedopingaffairintheTourdeFrance1*(thelastpara.),theauthor

istalkingabout

A、FIFApolitics.

B、sportsscandals.

C、FIFAfinances.

D、fans*Wisdom.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、TheviewsofMichaelRiehlandBerndSchiphorstonsportsscandalsare

A、identical.

B、complementary.

C^opposite.

D、similar.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、Itcanbesafelyconcludedfromthetextthat

A^sportsscandalsareinevitableforthesakeofcompetition.

B、therebelswhoputBlatterunderfirewillhavehimbythroat.

C、allaccusationsagainstBlatterwillendupwithfailures.

D、therebelscoulddiscourageBlatter'sbidforanewterm.

标准答案：D」

知识点解析：暂无解析

三、阅读(补全短文)(本题共5题，每题上。分，共

5分。)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choose

themostsuitableonefromthelist(A^B、C、D、E、F、G.......)tofitintoeachofthe

numberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10

points)ThegovernmentpanelthatsetsU.S.vaccinepolicyalreadyhasbegundiscussing

"universalimmunization"asawaytoboostvaccinationratesandreduceHu-linked

sicknessanddeath,Dr.ScottHarperofthefederalCentersforDiseaseControland

Preventionsaidatavaccinemeetingthisweek.(41).Harperacknowledgedthat

therecentcrisismomentarilyupstageduniversalimmunizationdiscussions,butsaidit

remainsaviableproposal.(42).Thevaccinemeeting,heldeveryyear,seekstoset

anagendafortheupcomingfluseason.Participantsmanywithafinancialstakeingetting

morepeoplevaccinated-saidtheuniversalvaccinationpushislikelytocomewithinthe

nextfiveyears.(43).Also,fluvaccineisalteredeveryyearbecausethereare

alwaysdifferentflustrainscirculating.Theunusedvaccineisdiscardedatseason'send,

makingflushotsfinanciallyunappealingformanufaciurers.(44).SanofiPasteur's

PhilipHosbachsaidthecompanyhastwoidleU.S.factories"becausethere'snotthe

returnontheinvestment".Universalvaccinationcouldinthelongtermhelpstabilize

supplyifitincreaseddemand,hesaid.(45).Demandhashistoricallybeena

problem,too.Millionsoftheat-riskpatientsroutinelyskipannualshots.Somepeople

worrythevaccineisn'tsafeortheysimplydon'tlikeshots,butmanyalsounderestimate

theseriousnessofflu,saidDr.AnnO'Malley,aresearcherattheCenterforStudying

HealthSystemChange.A."Partofourjobistojustkeepthisissueontheradarscreen",

Harpertoldvaccineproviders,distributorsandmanufacturersatthenationalfluvaccine

summithere.B.Sofaronlyonecompany,SanofiPasteur,islicensedtomakeU.S.flu

vaccinefortheupcomingseason,thoughpublichealthofficialshopetwoothers,

includingChiron,willsoongainapproval.C.Estimatessuggestthatinanaverageyear,

fluinfectsabout82millionpeoplenationwide,hospitalizes200,000andkills36,000.D.

Dr.HerbYoungoftheAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicianssaidrecommending

shotsforeveryonecouldeasetheconfusion—andthathisgroupismovingtoward

supportingtheidea.E.Thehurdles,someobserverssay,arcdaunting.Unstablesupplyis

oneofthebiggest.Thisyearthebestcasescenario-havingabout90millionshots

available一isn'tevenenoughforthe180millionhigh-riskpeopleadvisedtogelshots,let

alonethetotalpopulationof280million.F.Theendofachaoticseasonwheremany

peopleseekingflushotswereturnedawaybecauseofashortagemightseemanoddtime

tobroachtheideaofvaccinatingevenmorepeople.G.ButI'raLongini,anEmory

Universitybiostatisticianwhospecializesinvaccineanalysis,saiduniversalvaccination

wouldbeunworkableunlesssupplyproblemscanberesolved.

41、Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,

choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A>B、C>D^E、F^G.......)tofitinto

eachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyof

thegaps.(10points)ihegovernmentpanelthatsetsU.S.vaccinepolicyalreadyhas

begundiscussing"universalimmunization"asawaytoboostvaccinationratesand

reduceflu-linkedsicknessanddeath,Dr.ScottHarperofthefederalCentersforDisease

ControlandPreventionsaidalavaccinemeetingthisweek.(41).Harper

acknowledgedthattherecentcrisismomentarilyupstageduniversalimmunization

discussions,butsaiditremainsaviableproposal.(42).Thevaccinemeeting,held

everyyear,seekstosetanagendafortheupcomingfluseason.Participantsmanywitha

financialstakeingettingmorepeoplevaccinated-saidtheuniversalvaccinationpushis

likelytocomewithinthenextfiveyears.(43).Also,fluvaccineisalteredevery

yearbecausetherearealv/aysdifferentflustrainscirculating.Theunusedvaccineis

discardedatseason'send,makingflushotsfinanciallyunappealingformanufacturers.

(44).SanofiPasteur'sPhilipHosbachsaidthecompanyhastwoidleU.S.

factories"becausethere'snotthereturnontheinvestment11.Universalvaccinationcould

inthelongtermhelpstabilizesupplyifitincreaseddemand,hesaid.(45).

Demandhashistoricallybeenaproblem,too.Millionsoftheat-riskpatientsroutinely

skipannualshots.Somepeopleworrythevaccineisn'tsafeortheysimplydon'tlike

shots,butmanyalsounderestimatetheseriousnessofflu,saidDr.AnnO'Malley,a

researcherattheCenterforStudyingHealthSystemChange.A."Partofourjobistojust

keepthisissueontheradarscreen'1,Harpertoldvaccineproviders,distributorsand

manufacturersatthenationalfluvaccinesummithere.B.Sofaronlyonecompany,

SanofiPasteur,islicensedtomakeU.S.fluvaccinefortheupcomingseason,though

publichealthofficialshopetwoothers,includingChiron,willsoongainapproval.C.

Estimatessuggestthatinanaverageyear,fluinfectsabout82millionpeoplenationv/idc,

hospitalizes200,000andkills36,000.D.Dr.HerbYoungoftheAmericanAcademyof

FamilyPhysicianssaidrecommendingshotsforeveryonecouldeasetheconfusion-and

thathisgroupismovingtowardsupportingtheidea.E.Thehurdles,someobserverssay,

aredaunting.Unstablesupplyisoneofthebiggest.Thisyearthebestcasescenario-

havingabout90millionshotsavailable—isn'tevenenoughforthe180millionhigh-risk

peopleadvisedtogetshots,letalonethetotalpopulationof280million.F.Theendofa

chaoticseasonwheremanypeopleseekingflushotswereturnedawaybecauseofa

shortagemightseemanoddlimetobroachtheideaofvaccinatingevenmorepeople.G.

ButI'raLongini,anEmoryUniversitybiostatisticianwhospecializesinvaccineanalysis,

saiduniversalvaccinationwouldbeunworkableunlesssupplyproblemscanberesolved.

标准答案：F

知识点解析：根据空格上下段的语义，尤其是第三段说到“recentcrisis”可能会使得

讨论普遍免疫显得不合时宜，这说明上文说到过某个危机事件，选项F符合语义

连贯要求，故为正确答案。

42、

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由于空格的上下段分别在说Mr.Harper以及上周召开的疫苗会议，这

说明空格段必然是与这两者相关的内容，这样才能保证语义的连贯性，A符合要

求，为正确答案。G项似乎与空格前段衔接，但选项中说到的“supplyproblems”与

空格后段内容脱节；实际上，supplyproblems是文章末尾讨论的问题，所以，G项

不能作为42