北京市西城区41中2022-2023学年高三3月份第一次模拟考试英语试卷含解析

1、2022-2023学年高考英语模拟试卷注意事项：1 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用05毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。4保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1Nobody can go back and start a new beginning, _ anyone can start now a

2、nd make a new ending.Afor BandCbut Dso2Its great that all the visitors who on the island were saved.AtrappedBhave been trappedChad trappedDhad been trapped3Ted couldnt remember the exact date of the storm, but he knew it was Sunday because everybody was at church.A/, theBa, /C/, aDthe, /4In Beijing,

3、 more than 21,100 people _ to donate their bodies by the end of 2017, as the city promoted a body donation campaign from 1999.Ahave applied Bhad appliedCwould have applied Dapplied5All the students are required to check they have made some spelling errors in their compositions.Awhether Bwhat Cthat D

4、which6The Internet is so much a part of our culture that it affects our lives by acting as a _ for face-to-face contacts.Apreference BmotivationCsubstitute Dguideline7I wonder why the thinnest plastics bags, though _ , are still in use here.Well, its no easy job to solve this problem effectively.Aba

5、nningBbannedCto banDhaving banned8Some experts fear that too-early _ to computers will have harmful consequences for childrens development.AexposureBextensionCexhibitionDexpansion9The news came as no surprise to me. I _ for some time that the factory was going to shut down.Ahad knownBknewChave known

6、Dknow10I thought it hard to complete the project then, but I _ my mind.Awill change Bwould changedChave changed Dhad changed11When they first came to the city, my parents often went to neighbors for a talk, just as they _ in the countryside.Awill doBhad doneChave doneDwere doing12Office furniture li

7、ke chairs and sofas should be attractive as well as comfortable.AmanuallyBvisuallyCphysicallyDsecurely13Right now, lots of people search for products on the Internet but still buy them at stores. Internet shopping will really _ when people are sure that it is safe.Aset upBset offCtake offDtake up14S

8、arah _ change her mind, even though she knew the plan was hard to carry out.AmustntBwouldntCshouldntDneednt15I hope that we will be able to make it through the tough times and back to the business of working together _ our common goals.Aon behalf ofBin honor ofCon top ofDin search of16 _ his oversea

9、s study, he was eventually employed by his dream company.AHaving completedBCompletingCCompletedDTo complete17The accident have been caused by a dog running across the road, but we dont know for sure.AmightBshouldCwillDmust18You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make

10、 a list of _ you think your real interests lie.Athat BwhatCwhere Dhow19I really dont know _ she gets by on such a modest salary.Awhat BwhyChow Dthat20Scientists have come to the conclusion _ the temperature on Earth is getting higher and higher.AWhatBthatCwhichDwhen第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C

11、、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分）Entrepreneur and CEO of Tesla and Space X, Eldon Musk may have a little more time on his hands, as hes leaving his position on the board of the Open Al, according to a blog post.The departure is likely the result of Teslas moving into the field of Artificial Intelligence(AI)，whi

12、ch he said in 2017 would be the “best in the world”and would even be able to “predict your destination, ”Musk will continue to “donate and advise the organization,” Open AI said in a blog post on Feb. 20, adding that “As Tesla continues to become more focused on AI, this will avoid a potential futur

13、e conflict for Eldon.Musk and Y Combiner CEO Sam Altman co founded the nonprofit enterprise in December2015, its mission is to develop safe artificial general intelligence and ensure those developments are made public. Open AI researchers published a paper on the site ArXiv, org, detailing the possi

14、ble secure threats that come with“malicious”AI. In fact, Musk has heard the “evil AI”alarm several times, On Aug.11，2017, he warned that artificial intelligence poses a bigger threat to humanity, and he told a gathering of state governors that the government needs to regulate Al before robots start

15、“killing people. ”Musks departure from the Open AI board could mean big things for Tesla. As Eton Goodbye, a financial reporter, noted on Futurism, the move “could signal that Tesla is more deeply committed to their own AI projects than we thought. ”He added, “Those who have had their ears to any ru

16、mors (谣言)that Tesla is ready to deliver vehicles capable of Level 5autonomy could take this new Open Al development as a sign that the company is inching closer to that unapproachable goal, ”No company has reached that level of autonomy, which means that a driverless car could navigate any road unde

17、r any conditions and that all the human “driver” would need to do is to input a destination.1、Why does Eldon Musk leave his position?ATo create safer AI.BTo build powerful Internet.CTo develop social communication.DTo avoid a possible conflict with Tesla.2、What is the Eldon Musks attitude towards th

18、e AI?AAmbiguous.BSupportive.CNegative.DSympathetic.3、What does the underlined word “malicious” in Paragraph 3 mean?APoisonous.BUnpopular.CAdvanced.DTraditional.4、What can we infer from Eton Goodbyes comments?ALevel 5 autonomy is impossible.BThe rumors about Tesla is meaningless.CHe has no confidence

19、 in Open AI.DLevel 5 autonomy could set human drivers free.22（8分） Humans make mistakes. Even surgeons with years of experience are not infallible. But what if these doctors could pool their knowledge and experience together and create a surgical standard of care, to be carried out by machines?Thats

20、the idea behind surgical robots, which may soon perform most surgeries, from sewing up tiny wounds to performing heart procedures. Many of these operations are, in fact, already completed with the assistance of robots. But a recent test suggests that robots in the operating room may soon go a step f

21、urther, performing on soft tissue completely on their own, from start to finish.The Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot（STAR）, successfully completed surgeries on pigs. Were the first group to develop autonomous robotic surgery with soft-tissue surgery, and when compared to standard operation, its better,

22、 says Peter Kim, professor of surgery. The idea is not to replace surgeons；it will make the surgeons better and make the procedures safer. A recent Mayo Clinic study found that major surgical errors-including operating on the wrong site or side of the body, or even leaving tools or objects inside th

23、e patient-occur every one out of 22, 000 procedures. Thats rare, but robots like STAR would aim to lower the number even further.In the da Vinci surgical system, surgeons place their arms inside instruments and use their hands to control the movement of robotic tools on the operating table from afar

24、. The robots every major move is controlled by surgeons, and thus its results may vary based on the surgeons training or experience.STAR, on the other hand, is entirely autonomous. Its not only able to work on its own and perform surgeries with a more flexible hand, but its able to react to the unex

25、pected incidents. Cutting into hard tissue like bones is one thing, but operating on moving soft tissue is far more complex. STAR reacts to a changing environment, similar to how self-driving cars are programmed to not only drive on the highway, but also react to another driver making a mistake and

26、getting in your way.1、The underlined word infallible in Paragraph 1probably means _ .Aquite smart Breally creativeCrather responsible Dalways right2、We can learn from the passage that STAR _ .Acan perform the operation on its ownBhas been widely used in the operating roomCcan make surgeries much fas

27、terDwill take the place of surgeons3、In the da Vinci surgical system, _ .Arobots are trained from afar Brobots always make mistakesCsurgery results depend on surgeons Dsurgeons have trouble controlling robots4、In the last paragraph, the author mentions self-driving cars in order to show _ .Ahow smar

28、t an autonomous robot can beBhow difficult self-driving on the highway isChow bad getting in another drivers way might beDhow dangerous operating on people is.23（8分）An autonomous vehicle designed for making local commerce deliveries was uncovered by Nuro. The vehicle is about the height of an SW but

29、 far narrower than a typical car. The electric car features four outside compartments（暗格）two on each side -to hold separate deliveries. Each compartment can be tailored to a specific use, such as cooking a pizza or refrigerating a package.“We can use self-driving technology to deliver anything, anyt

30、ime, anywhere for basically all local goods and services,” Nuro co-founder Dave Ferguson said. “Consumers used to be okay with two-week paid shipping. It became two-week free delivery, followed by one week, two days, and the same day. Now same-day delivery isnt fast enough for some customers.”Nuro i

31、snt alone in building robots for local commerce deliveries. Earlier this month, Toyota, a Japanese car company, uncovered a concept vehicle that could be used for package delivery. A handful of startupsincluding Starship Technologies, Marble and Dispatchare testing small robots for deliveries on sid

32、ewalks.Nuros vehicle will likely face legal hurdles. Fully autonomous vehicles without a test diver arent legal in California today, and many companies have shifted testing o states where regulators are more welcoming of autonomous vehicles, such as Arizona.Nuro expects to face fewer challenges beca

33、use it doesnt carry passengers. Nuros narrow size may also be helpful when navigating streets and avoiding pedestrians. The vehicle isnt equipped with any special features to communicate with pedestrians or other road users. Some companies have tested and patented solutions such as digital screens t

34、hat signal the cars next move. Ferguson said his team conducted studies and found that such techniques could confuse people. Nuro believes its better to make sure the car performs predictably, so that human drivers know what to expect from it.“We feel by creating this new technology thats going to e

35、nable this last mile delivery, were going to be creating new markets and doing things that previously werent possible,” Ferguson said. “This is not swapping out jobs with robots. Its creating new markets. There will definitely be new employment opportunities.”1、What is the main characteristic of the

36、 Nuros self-driving vehicle?AIt can cook delicious meals for customers.BIt is a pioneer in the field of self-driving vehicles.CIt is fur narrower and higher than other autonomous ones.DIts deliveries can be transported in the special compartment.2、Which can best replace the underlined word “hurdles”

37、 in Paragraph 4?Abreakthrough. Bdilemma.Crestriction. Dprotection.3、Why is the Nuros vehicle not equipped with communicating features?AIts digital screens often break down.BPeople may be puzzled at the features.CThe features have not been developed.DIts performance is usually hard to predict.4、What

38、can we infer about Fergusons opinion on this new technology?ABeneficial. BChallenging.CControversial. DAmbiguous.24（8分） The idea of turning recycled plastic bottles into clothing is not new. During the last five years, a large number of clothing companies, businesses and environmental organizations

39、have started turning plastics into fabric(织物）to deal with plastic pollution. But theres a problem with this method. Research now shows that microfibers could be the biggest source of plastic in the sea.Dr. Mark Browne in Santa Barbara, California, has been studying plastic pollution and microfibers

40、for 10 years now. He explains that every time synthetic(合成的)clothes go into a washing machine, a large number of plastic fibers fall off. Most washing machines cant collect these microfibers. So every time the water gets out of a washing machine, microfibers are entering the sewers（下水道）and finally e

41、nd up in the sea.In 2011, Browne wrote a paper stating that a single piece of synthetic clothing can produce more than 1, 900 fibers per wash. Browne collected samples from seawater and freshwater sites around the world, and used a special way to examine each sample. He discovered that every single

42、water sample contained microfibers.This is bad news for a number of reasons. Plastic can cause harm to sea life when eaten. Studies have also shown that plastic can absorb other pollutants.Based on this evidence, it may seem surprising that companies and organizations have chosen to turn plastic was

43、te into clothing as an environmental “solution.” Even though the science has been around for a while, Browne explains that hes had a difficult time getting companies to listen. When he asked well-known clothing companies to support Benign by Designhis research project that seeks to get clothes that

44、have a bad effect on humans and the environment out of the market, Browne didnt get a satisfying answer. Only one womens clothing company, Eileen Fisher, offered Browne funding.1、What has happened during the past five years?AFabric has become much stronger.BPlastic pollution has been less serious.CM

45、any plastic wastes have been reused.DMicrofibers have been greatly improved.2、What does Browne think of washing synthetic clothes?AIt is adding microfibers to the clothes.BIt is worsening environmental problems.CIt is making synthetic clothes last longer.DIt is doing great damage to washing machines

46、.3、What can be inferred about Brownes Benign by Design research project?AIt has achieved great success.BIt hasnt got anything done.CIt is known to very few people.DIt is facing some difficulties.4、Whats the best title for the text?AIts important to learn to recycleBIts never easy to solve pollution

47、problemsCRecycled plastic clothing: solution or pollution?DAre human beings moving forward or backward?25（10分）It was not yet eleven oclock when a boat crossed the river with a single passenger who was lucky to be able to cross the river at that unusual hour by promising to pay some extra money. Whil

48、e the youth stood in the light place searching his pockets for money, the boatman lifted a lamp, with the help of which, together with the newly risen moon, he took a careful look at the stranger. He was a young man of about eighteen years, clearly country brought up, and was, as it seemed, on his f

49、irst visit to town. He was wearing a rough grey coat, which was in good shape, and which had seen many winters before this one. The jacket under his coat was made of leather and trousers fitted tightly to a pair of strong legs; his stockings of blue yarn(毛绒) must have been the work of a mother or si

50、ster, and on his head was a hat, which in its better days had perhaps protected the grayer head of the young mans father. In his left hand was a walking stick, and on his strong shoulders hung a leather bag. Brown hair, well-shaped features, bright, cheerful eyes were natures gifts. The youth, whose

51、 name was Robin, paid the boatman, and then walked forward into the town with a light step, as if he had not already traveled more than thirty miles that day. As he walked, he looked around as eagerly as if he were entering London or New York instead of the little city in New England.1、Which of the

52、following statements is true?AThis boy was rich.BThis story took place on a cold snowy night in winter.CThe boatman wouldnt like to send the young man across the river at first.DThe boatman knew that the young mans name was Robin.2、The stockings that the young man wore were _.AWorn out Bvery expensi

53、ve Cmuch too big Dmade by hand3、The youth was wearing a hat, which _.Awas a used one Bhis father had bought for himChe had bought himself Dwas made by his mother or sister4、The coat the young man was wearing _.Awas new and in good shape Bwas cut out very wellChad been used for a lot of years Dfitted

54、 him well第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项26（30分）When I was a little child, my favorite musical 1 is piano, but when I started my middle school, Iwas forced to give up 2 I could concentrate more on my studies.Its one of my biggest 3 to stop practicing the

55、piano when I recall sadly today. During the following years, I kept telling my piano teacher that I would 4 .However, I didnt keep my promise because I was 5 with my study. 6 I lost touch with my teacher. Some years later, my teacher died. I was very sad because I lost such a good teacher. She was a

56、 very warm and gentle person. It hurts me to think she may have been 7 that I never returned I havent taken lessons since then but to be honest. I 8 to. Sitting at the piano，I couldnt help recalling many 9 - times of my practicing at home and playing before my teacher and one time my teacher 10 me a

57、fter I played entire pieces of music wrong in front of her colleagues. I was so 11 that I could hardly say anything. But her 12 helped me ease my shame. These memories, 13 , good or bad, never caused my 14 for playing the piano again.This thought then led me to think that 15 is like music, and that

58、we all try to play different 16 in the instrument of our life. Sometimes the pitch(音高）is 17 when we play it well, but sometimes we are out of tone. However, we all continue to create our own 18 style of music. No matter what style our music is，it is 19 that we sing the songs of joy, quietness and lo

59、ve. Though I may never make it back to piano lessons, it doesnt 20 that Ive stopped making music.1、Astage Bperformance Croom Dinstrument2、Aso that Bin that Cnow that Dexcept that3、Asuccesses Bdecisions Cregrets Dhobbies4、Aplay Breturn Cleave Dgraduate5、Aangry Boccupied Csatisfied Dpatient6、AActually

60、 BConstantly CGradually DSuddenly7、Aastonished Bdisappointed Cglad Damazed8、Aliked Bneeded Cdecided Dwanted9、Adreams Bexpressions Cwords Dmemories10、Ahurt Binstructed Cpunished Drespected11、Afrightened Bmoved Cembarrassed Dexcited12、Acomfort Bsatisfaction Chappiness Dsigh13、Ahowever Bmeanwhile Cther