2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号75

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题The age of gilded youth (纨绔子弟) is over. Todays under-thirties are the first generation for a century who can expect a lower living standard than their parents. Research into the lifestyles and prospects of people who

2、were born since 1970 shows that they are likely to face a lifetime of longer working hours, lower job security and higher taxes than the previous generation. When they leave work late in the evening, they will be more likely to return to a small rented flat than to a house of their own. When, eventu

3、ally, they retire, their pensions are far lower in real terms than those of their immediate forebears.These findings are revealed in a study of the way how the ageing of Britains population is affecting different generations. Anthea Tinker, professor of social gerontology at Kings College London, wh

4、o carried out much of the work, said the growth of the proportion of people over 50 had reversed the traditional flow of wealth from older to younger generations. “Todays older middle-aged and elderly are becoming the new winners.” she said, “They made relatively small contributions in tax but now m

5、ake relatively big claims on the welfare system. Generations born in the last three to four decades face the prospect of handing over more than a third of their lifetimes earnings to care for them.”The surging number of older people, many living alone, has also increased demand for property and push

6、ed up house prices. While previous generations found it easy to raise a mortgage, todays under-thirties have to live with their parents or rent. If they can afford to buy a home, it is more likely to be a flat than a house. Laura Lenox-Conyngham, 28, grew up in a large house and her mother did not n

7、eed to work. Unlike her wealthy parents, she graduated with student and postgraduate loan debts of 13,000. She now earns about 20,000 a year, preparing food to be photographed for magazines. Her home is a one-bedroom flat in central London and she sublets the lunge sofa-bed to her brother. “My fathe

8、r took pity and paid off my student debts.” she said, “But I still have no pension and no chance of buying a property for at least a couple of years-and then it will be something small in a bad area. My only hope is the traditional one of meeting a rich man.” Tinkers research reveals Lenox-Conyngham

9、 is representative of many young professionals, especially in London, Manchester, Edinburgh and Bristol.1. By saying “the growth of the proportionto younger generations” (Para. 2), Anthea Tinker really means that _.2. Why are todays older middle-aged and elderly becoming the new winners?3. Which fac

10、tor pushed house prices?4. In what way does Laura Lenox-Conyngham make her living?5. We can conclude from the passage that _.问题1选项A.currently wealth flows from old generation to younger generationB.traditionally wealth flows from younger generation to old generationC.with the increasingly big popula

11、tion of over 50, the trend arises that wealth flows from younger generation to old generationD.with more and more people of over 50, traditions have been reversed问题2选项A.Because they contributed a small portion in lax but enjoy more on the welfare system.B.Because they contributed a lot in tax and no

12、w can claim much on the welfare system.C.Because they made small contributions, but now can make money easily.D.Because they outnumber younger generation and enjoy more privileges in the present society.问题3选项A.Many young men, who live alone, have increased demand for houses.B.Many young men need to

13、rent more houses.C.It is easy to apply for a mortgage tor young generation.D.The number of older people, many of whom live alone, becomes bigger and bigger.问题4选项A.By taking photographs for magazines.B.By marring a rich man.C.By subletting the lounge sofa-bed to her brother.D.By preparing food for ph

14、otographs for some magazines.问题5选项A.Todays under-thirties are leading a miserable life in BritainB.Laura Lenox-Conynghams attitude to work and life represents that of many young professionals in BritainC.Life can get harder for under-thirties in BritainD.Elders enjoy extremely high living standards

15、in Britain【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Anthea Tinkersaid the growth of the proportion of people over 50 had reversed the traditional flow of wealth from older to younger generations.（Anthea Tinker表示，50岁以上人口比例的增长逆转了财富从老一辈流向年轻一代的传统趋势。），可知因为50岁以上人口比例的增长，财富从老一辈流向年轻一代的传统趋

16、势被逆转。结合第一段第三句Research into the lifestyles and prospects of people who were born since 1970 shows that they are likely to face a lifetime of longer working hours, lower job security and higher taxes than the previous generation.（对1970年以后出生的人的生活方式和前景的研究表明，与上一代人相比，他们可能终生面临更长的工作时间、更低的工作保障和更高的税收。）和第二段第一句

17、These findings are revealed in a study of the way how the ageing of Britains population is affecting different generations.（一项关于英国人口老龄化如何影响不同世代的研究揭示了这些发现。），可知Anthea Tinker的研究对老一代和年轻一代的财富进行对比，是为了证明人口老龄化让财富从年轻一代流向老一代，C选项“随着50岁以上的人口越来越多，出现了财富从年轻一代流向老一代的趋势”正确。A选项“目前财富从老一代流向年轻一代”和B选项“在传统上财富从年轻一代流向老一代”：和文

18、中观点相反，属于反向干扰。D选项“随着50岁以上的人口越来越多，传统被颠覆了”：文中的重点是人口老龄化对财富趋势的影响，而不是对传统的改变，属于曲解原文。因此C选项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第三、四句“Todays older middle-aged and elderly are becoming the new winners.” she said, “They made relatively small contributions in tax but now make relatively big claims on the welfare system

19、.”（“如今的中老年人口正在成为新的赢家。”她说，“他们缴纳的税款相对较少，但现在对福利制度的要求相对较高。”），可知A选项“因为他们贡献得少，但在福利制度上享受更多”正确。B选项“因为他们缴纳了很多税收，现在可以要求更多的福利制度”：他们没有缴纳很多税款，属于反向干扰。C选项“因为他们贡献得少，但现在可以很容易地赚钱”和D选项“因为他们在数量上超过了年轻一代，在当今社会享有更多的特权”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。因此A选项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段第一句The surging number of older people, many living alone

20、, has also increased demand for property and pushed up house prices.（老年人数量的激增，其中许多人独自生活，也增加了对房产的需求，推高了房价。），可知D选项“老年人的数量越来越多，其中许多人独自生活”正确。A选项“许多独自生活的年轻人对房子的需求增加了”和B选项“许多年轻人需要租更多的房子”：文中说的是老年人而非年轻人对房子的需求增加，属于曲解原文。C选项“年轻人很容易申请抵押贷款”：根据第三段第二句previous generations found it easy to raise a mortgage（前几代人很容易就能

21、拿到抵押贷款），可知是前几代人而非现在的年轻人很容易申请抵押贷款，与题干中房价上涨的内容无关，属于曲解原文和出处错位。因此D选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段第六句She now earns about 20,000 a year, preparing food to be photographed for magazines.（她现在一年能挣2万英镑，以为杂志拍照为生。），可知A选项“通过为杂志拍照”正确，D选项“通过为一些杂志拍摄照片而准备食物”不符合原文意思，属于曲解原文。B选项“嫁给一个有钱人”：根据第三段倒数第二句My only hope is the t

22、raditional one of meeting a rich man.（按照传统，我唯一的希望就是遇到一个有钱人。），这里指的是她的想法而非谋生方式，属于出处错位。C选项“把沙发床转租给她哥哥”：根据第三段第七句she sublets the lunge sofa-bed to her brother（她把沙发床转租给了她的弟弟），这是她做过的事情，但并不以此为生，属于出处错位。因此A选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。文章在第一段第二句提出Todays under-thirties are the first generation for a century who ca

23、n expect a lower living standard than their parents.（如今30岁以下的人是一个世纪以来第一代生活水平低于他们父母的人。），随后通过研究和具体的例子来证明这一点，C选项“在英国，30岁以下的人的生活可能会变得更加艰难”正确。A选项“在如今的英国，30岁以下的人过着悲惨的生活”：文中表示30岁以下的人处境更难，但没有到很悲惨的地步，属于曲解原文。B选项“Laura Lenox-Conyngham对工作和生活的态度代表了英国许多年轻专业人士的态度”：根据文章最后一句Tinkers research reveals Lenox-Conyngham i

24、s representative of many young professionals（Tinker的研究表明Lenox-Conyngham是许多年轻专业人士的代表），文中没有表明她对工作和生活的态度如同其他年轻专业人士，属于曲解原文。D选项“在英国，老年人享有极高的生活水平”：文中提到老年人纳税较少，但享受的福利力度较大，但不等于生活水平极高，属于曲解原文。因此C选项正确。2.单选题Parliament met _ for decades in a former water works because West Germans insisted that Bonn was only a p

25、rovisional capitalpending the governments return to Berlin.问题1选项A.off and offB.on and onC.off and onD.and so on【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项off and off非词组；B选项on and on“持续不停地”；C选项off and on“断断续续地”；D选项and so on“诸如此类”。句意：几十年来，议会_在一个以前的自来水厂开会，因为西德坚持认为波恩只是一个等待柏林回归的临时首都。根据语境，横线处形容这几十年来开会的频率，C选项off and on“断断续续

26、地”符合题意。因此C选项正确。3.单选题Everyone _ the right to his own opinion.问题1选项A.imitatesB.requestsC.deservesD.outlines【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项imitates“模仿”；B选项requests“正式要求，请求”；C选项deserves“应得”；D选项outlines“概括”。句意：每个人都_权利持有自己的观点。选项符合题意。根据语境，这里指的是每个人本身都有权利持有自己的观点，C选项deserves“应得”符合题意。因此C选项正确。4.单选题The alcohol intake

27、of Greeks is also modest _ European terms, but theyre the biggest smokers in the 15-country bloc, _ up eight times a day for every man, woman and child.问题1选项A.during, lightedB.in, lightingC.for, lightedD.as, lighting【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配与非谓语动词。句意：在欧洲，希腊人的饮酒量也不算高，但他们却是15国中吸烟人数最多的国家，男女老少平均每天要抽8次烟。根据固定

28、搭配in terms of“在方面，从角度”，确定第一根横线用介词in；第二根横线考查非谓语动词，其逻辑主语和本句的主语一致，动作是主语主动发出，确定用现在分词lighting，B选项in, lighting符合题意。因此B选项正确。5.单选题This is the Chinese _, translated from English.问题1选项A.publicationB.editorC.printingD.version【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项publication“发行，出版物”；B选项editor“（报刊、杂志的）主编”；C选项printing“（书籍的）一次

29、印刷”；D选项version“（电影、剧本、乐曲等的）版本”。句意：这是英文翻译过来的中文_。根据语境，这里指的是这原来是英文的，被翻译成了中文，D选项version“（电影、剧本、乐曲等的）版本”符合题意。因此D选项正确。6.单选题The British constitution is _ a large extent a product of the historical events described above.问题1选项A.byB.atC.whichD.to【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：英国宪法在很大程度上是上述历史事件的产物。D选项to a large ext

30、ent“在很大程度上”，A选项by a large extent和B选项at a large extent非固定搭配，C选项which引导从句。因此D选项正确。7.翻译题(1) Stan Belin (斯坦贝林) was born in the 1930s to an urban family locked in the grip of the Great Depression. His was a fractured family, one in which his parents fought constantly. I lived with a feeling of impending

31、doom, he says. This fear drove him to be a model child.Stan has a vivid memory of once leaning against a bridge railing as a boy and gazing at a handsome party boat passing below. He could see people on deck enjoying their outing. (2) It was a scene of comfort and luxury he could hardly have imagine

32、d. That mental picture influenced the boys idea of success. His goals became money, power, and prestige.Stan did well in school. He found his greatest academic success in his science courses. But he lacked the confidence to pursue a medical career and turned to dentistry as a quicker route to his li

33、fes goals.(3) He married a young woman he had known since high school, and for over 20 years Stan and Jane lived a life that many people would envy. His reputation spread, the money started rolling in and he was appointed to a prestigious position by his state government. Two healthy children were b

34、orn.(4) The family had a magnificent house, expensive automobiles and took exotic vacations.The crowning touch for Stan came when he bought a luxury yacht and sailed to the bridge where, as a child, he had first glimpsed what he hoped would be his future. “I told Jane the story,” he says. (5) “As I

35、spoke, I realized that something was all wrong. I possessed everything I had ever dreamed of, but I felt very sad and hopeless. What was worse, I knew it would never change.”Then in the early 1980s, a doctor friend invited Stan to dinner. The friend said he had been using cocaine as an antidepressan

36、t. He described it as a marvelous no addictive drug. Stan decided the drug might be just right for his own depression.【答案】1. 斯坦贝林出生于20世纪30年代一个陷入经济大萧条困境之中的城市家庭。2. 这种舒适与奢侈的情景是他无法想象的。这一情景铭刻在他的脑海里，影响着他对成功的看法。3. 他娶了一位中学时代就认识的女子为妻，20多年来，他和妻子简过着令人称羡的生活。4. 他们有华丽的住宅和昂贵的汽车，还常常出国度假。5. 说话时，我忽然意识到情况很不对劲。我已拥有曾经梦寐

37、以求的一切，但却感到悲伤无望。更糟糕的是，我知道这种状况将永远不会改变。8.单选题Although language is used to transmit information, the informative functions of language are fused with older and deeper functions so that only a small portion of our everyday speech can be described as purely informative. The ability to use language for stri

38、ctly informative purposes was probably developed relatively late in the course of linguistic evolution.Long before that time, our ancestral species probably made the sorts of cries animals do to express feelings of hunger, fear, loneliness, and the like. Gradually these noises seem to have become mo

39、re differentiated, transforming the cries into language as we know it today.Although we have developed language in which accurate reports may be given, we still use language as vocal equivalents of gestures such as crying in pain. When words are used as the vocal equivalent of expressive gestures, l

40、anguage is functioning in presymbolic ways. These presymbolic uses of language coexist our symbolic system so that the talking we do in everyday life is a thorough blending of symbolic and presymbolic language.What we call social conversation is mainly presymbolic in character. When we are at a larg

41、e social gathering, for example, we all have to talk. It is typical of these conversations that, except among very good friends, few of the remarks made have any informative value: talk together about nothing at all and thereby establishes a relationship.There is principle at work in the selection o

42、f the subject matter we deem appropriate for social conversation. Since the purpose of this kind of talk is the establishment of communion, we are careful to select subjects about which agreement is immediately possible. With each new agreement, no matter how commonplace, the fear and suspicion of t

43、he stranger wear away, and the possibility of friendship emerges. When further conversation reveals that we have friends or political views or artistic values or hobbies in common, a friend is made, and genuine communication and cooperation can begin.1. The phrase “older and deeper functions” in the

44、 first sentence refers to _.2. The author uses the term “presymbolic language” to mean probably _.3. With regard to the evolution of language, which of the following statements is TRUE?4. The primary value of presymbolic language for humans is that it _.5. Which of the following statements is TRUE a

45、ccording to the passage?问题1选项A.the grammatical structure of languageB.the expression of emotions through soundC.the transmission of information through written languageD.the purely informative part of language问题2选项A.language used in accurate reportsB.language that lacks an elaborate grammatical stru

46、ctureC.language that our ancestors use prehistoricallyD.language that is of little informative value问题3选项A.The origin of language can be traced back to the early mans imitation of noises made by animals.B.Meaningless cries preceded the origin of language.C.In the process of evolution, language is ma

47、inly non-informative.D.Originally, language is the indistinguishable forms of cries.问题4选项A.wipes out human hostility and suspicionB.permits and aids the smooth functioning of interpersonal relationshipsC.kills time in a more casual wayD.establish an agreement for genuine cooperation问题5选项A.Since lang

48、uage is mainly for information, communication in our daily life is primarily symbolic.B.In modern times, we tend to use more symbolic languages than presymbolic ones.C.Before a genuine communication and conversation began speakers generally accompany symbolic language with presymbolic one.D.In terms

49、 of daily talking it is relatively hard to determine which part of the language is symbolic and which part is presymbolic.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】词义推断题。根据第一段第一句Although language is used to transmit information, the informative functions of language are fused with older and de

50、eper functions so that only a small portion of our everyday speech can be described as purely informative.（虽然语言是用来传递信息的，但语言的信息功能与更古老和更深层次的功能融合在一起，所以我们日常语言中只有小部分可以被描述为纯粹的信息功能。），可知语言更古老和更深层次的功能不是纯粹传递信息，结合第二段Long before that time, our ancestral species probably made the sorts of cries animals do to exp

51、ress feelings of hunger, fear, loneliness, and the like. Gradually these noises seem to have become more differentiated, transforming the cries into language as we know it today.（在那之前很久，我们的祖先可能会发出动物的那种叫声来表达饥饿、恐惧、孤独等感觉。渐渐地，这些声音似乎变得更有区别，把叫声变成了我们今天所知道的语言。），可知语言更古老和更深层次的功能是表达情绪，B选项“通过声音表达情感”正确。D选项“语言的纯信

52、息部分”：语言更古老和更深层次的功能不是纯粹传递信息，不符合文章内容，属于反向干扰。A选项“语言的语法结构”和C选项“通过书面语言传递信息”：文章没有提到，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】词义推断题。作者在第三段最后一句提出the talking we do in everyday life is a thorough blending of symbolic and presymbolic language（我们在日常生活中的说话是一种彻底的象征性语言和前象征性语言的融合），然后在第四段最后一句It is typical of these conversation

53、s that, except among very good friends, few of the remarks made have any informative value: talk together about nothing at all and thereby establishes a relationship.（这类谈话的典型特点是，除了在非常要好的朋友之间，几乎没有什么有信息价值的评论：在一起什么都不谈，从而建立了一种关系。），可知前象征性语言没有什么信息价值，D选项“没有什么信息价值的语言”正确。A选项“要求准确的报道使用的语言”：根据第三段第一、二句Although

54、we have developed language in which accurate reports may be given, we still use language as vocal equivalents of gestures such as crying in pain. When words are used as the vocal equivalent of expressive gestures, language is functioning in presymbolic ways.（虽然我们已经发展出可以作出准确报告的语言，但我们仍然使用语言作为声音上的手势，如痛

55、苦的哭泣。当词语被用作表达手势的声音时，语言以前象征的方式发挥作用。），可知作报告时用的语言不是前象征性语言，而是象征性语言，属于张冠李戴。B选项“缺乏复杂语法结构的语言”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。C选项“我们祖先史前使用的语言”：文中提到的祖先使用的语言主要表达情绪，而不是这里的前象征性语言，属于出处错位。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Long before that time, our ancestral species probably made the sorts of cries animals do to express feelin

56、gs of hunger, fear, loneliness, and the like.（在那之前很久，我们的祖先可能会发出动物的那种叫声来表达饥饿、恐惧、孤独等感觉。），可知我们的祖先没有刻意模仿动物，只是发出类似于动物的叫声，并且这些叫声有意义，并且可以区分不同的情绪，A选项“语言的起源可以追溯到早期人类模仿动物发出的声音”、D选项“最初，语言以难以区分的叫喊形式出现”和B选项“无意义的呼喊先于语言的起源”不符合文章内容，属于反向干扰。结合第二段第二句Gradually these noises seem to have become more differentiated, trans

57、forming the cries into language as we know it today.（渐渐地，这些声音似乎变得更有区别，把叫喊声变成了我们今天所知道的语言。），可知如今的语言主要是由最初表达情绪的叫喊声进化而来，C选项“语言在进化过程中主要是非信息的”符合文章内容。因此C选项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句It is typical of these conversations that, except among very good friends, few of the remarks made have any informative

58、 value: talk together about nothing at all and thereby establishes a relationship.（这类谈话的典型特点是，除了在非常要好的朋友之间，几乎没有什么有信息价值的评论：在一起什么都不谈，从而建立了一种关系。），可知前象征性语言可以加强人际关系，B选项“允许和促进人际关系的顺利运作”正确。A选项“消除人类的敌意和猜疑”：根据第五段第二、三句Since the purpose of this kind of talk is the establishment of communion, we are careful to

59、select subjects about which agreement is immediately possible. With each new agreement, no matter how commonplace, the fear and suspicion of the stranger wear away, and the possibility of friendship emerges.（因为这类谈话的目的是建立交流，所以我们会谨慎地选择哪些话题可以立即达成意见一致。每次达成新的一致，无论多么平常，陌生人的恐惧和猜疑就会消失，友谊的可能性就会出现。），可知意见一致消除恐

60、惧和猜疑，而不是前象征性语言，属于出处错位。C选项“以更随意的方式消磨时间”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。D选项“建立真正合作的协议”：根据第五段最后一句When further conversation reveals that we have friends or political views or artistic values or hobbies in common, a friend is made, and genuine communication and cooperation can begin.（当进一步的交谈揭示出我们有共同的朋友、政治观点、艺术价值或爱好时，就会交到