重点推荐-考试必备大纲掌握英语

Bacterium细菌Coccus球菌Diplococcus双球菌Bacillus杆菌SpiralbacteriumVibrio弧菌Spirillum螺菌Polymorphism多形性Cellwall细胞壁PeptidoglycanMucopeptide粘肽N-acetylmuramicacid，NAMN-乙酰胞壁N-acetylglucosamine,NAGN-乙酰葡糖TeichoicacidLipoteichoicacid，LTA脂磷壁酸Outermembrane外膜LipidA脂质AProtost原生Spherost圆球体BactrrialLform细菌L型Cytosmicmembrane细胞Mesosome中介体Cytosm细胞质Ribosome核糖体smid质粒InclusionMetachromaticgranuleVolutinNuclear

Nucleoid拟核Spore芽孢Endospore内芽孢Vegetativeform繁殖体Sporewall Lightmicroscope Electronmicroscope电子显微镜Darkmicroscope暗视野显微镜Gramstain染色法Bacterialmetabolism细菌代谢Obligateaerobe专性需氧菌Microaerophilicbacterium微需氧菌Facultativeanaerobe兼性厌氧菌Obligateanaerobe专性厌氧菌Superoxidedismutase,SOD超氧化物歧化Binaryfission二法Growthcurve生长曲线Lagphase迟晚期Logarithmicphase对数生长期Stationaryphase稳定期Declinephase衰亡期Culturemedium培养基Basalmedium基础培养基Nutrientmedium营养培养基Selectivemedium选择性培养基Differentmedium鉴别培养基Anaerobicmedium厌养培养基Cookedmeatmedium庖肉培养基Pureculture纯培养HeredityVariationGenotype基Replicationfork叉Leadingstrand前导链Laggingstrand随从链Conjugativesmid接合性质Non-conjugativesmid非接合性质粒Fertilitysmid致育性质粒，F质smid耐药性质粒，R质粒Colicinogenicsmid大肠杆菌原性质Virulencesmid毒力质粒，V质Transposableelement转位因子Insertionsequence，IS插入序列Bacteriophagephage噬菌体Virulentphage毒性噬菌体Temperatephage温和噬菌体

Lysogenicphage溶原性噬菌体Lysogenicbacterium溶原性细菌Release释放Mutation突变Spontaneousmutation自发突变Pointmutation点突变Chromosomeaberration畸变Basepairsubstitution碱基置换Openreadingframe开阅框架Frameshiftmutation移码突变Missensemutation误义突变Nonsensemutation无义突变Backwardmutation回复突变Mutationsuppression突变校正Intragenicsuppression内校正Extragenicsuppression间校正Fluctuationtest波动试验，彷徨试验Replicanting平板培养影印试验Conditionallethalmutation条件致死性突Temperaturesensitivemutant温度敏感BacilliCalmette-Guerin，BCG卡介苗Genetransfer转移Transformingprinciple转化因子Generaltransduction普遍性转导Abortivetransduction转导Restrictedtransduction局限性转导Transducingphage转导噬菌体Highfrequency binantHfr高频重Interruptedmattingexperiment间断交配试transferfactor，RTF耐药转esistancedeterminantr-det耐药决定因子Lysogenicconversion溶原性转换Geneengineering工程AmestestAmes四细菌的致病机制Pathogenicbacterium病原菌，致病菌Conditionalpathogen条件致病菌Opportunisticpathogen机会性致病菌Normalflora正常菌群Membraneflora膜菌群DysbacteriosisFloraSuperinfection二重ialinfection医院内Hospitalacquiredinfection医院内获得染Crossinfection交叉Iatrogenicinfection医源染Environmentalinfection环境

Lethaldosefor50ofhost，LD50半数致Medianlethaldose,LD50半数致死量Medianinfectivedose,ID50半数量Infestiousdosefor50ofhost,ID50半数感Cytolytictoxin溶细胞毒素IgA1proteaseIgA1蛋白酶Disseminatedintravascularcoagulation,LimulustestSubclinicinfection隐染，亚临床Clinicinfection显染，临床Acuteinfection急染Chronicinfection慢LocalinfectionGeneralizedinfection全身Latentinfection潜伏Innateimmunity天然免疫Nonspecificimmunity非特异性免疫Acquiredimmunity获得性免疫Specificimmunity特异性免疫Reactiveoxygenintermediate,ROW活性氧Respiratoryburst呼吸爆发六细菌的防治原VaccineBioproduct生物制Artificialactiveimmunity人工主动免Artificialpassiveimmunity人工免疫Liposome脂Bacillecalmette-Guerin，BCG卡介苗Minimalinhibitoryconcentration，MIC最Minimalbactericidal七葡萄球菌

StaphylococcalproteinA，SPA葡萄球菌coaggulase游离凝固酶Boundcoaggulase结合凝固酶Exfoliativetoxin，exfoliatin表皮剥脱毒素Epidemolytictoxin表皮溶解毒素Staphylococcalscaldedskinsyndrome，Toxicshocksyndrometoxin-1毒性休克Coaggulase-negativestaphylococcus，CNS凝固酶葡萄球菌α－hemolyticstreptococcus甲型溶血性β－hemolyticstreptococcus乙型溶血性γ－hemolyticstreptococcus丙型溶血性groupAstreptococcusA群链球菌streptokinase，SK链激酶streptolysinO，SLO链球菌溶血素OstreptolysinS，SLS链球菌溶血素Spyrogenicexotoxin致热外毒素erythrogenictoxin红疹毒素scarletfevertoxin猩红热毒素SAgalatiaeAntistreptolysinOtest，ASOtest抗链 S. ococcus链球Optochintest托辛试验(Optochin–ethylhydrocupreinedihydrochloride)N.gonorrhoeae奈氏菌Gonococcus淋Entericbacilli肠道杆菌StyphiStyphimurium鼠伤寒沙门菌S.enteritidis肠炎沙门菌SanatumVirulenceantigen，ViantigenViWidaltest肥达试验十一志贺菌属Shigatoxin志贺毒素Colonizationfactorantigen,CFA因子

UropathogenicE.coli致病性大肠杆菌EnterotoxigenicE.coli,ETEC肠产毒性大EnteroinvasiveE.coli,EIEC肠侵袭性大EnteropathogenicE.coli,EPEC肠致病性EnterohemorrhagicE.coli,EHEC肠性EnteroaggregativeE.coli,EAEC肠集聚性大肠埃希菌Enterocolitis小肠结肠炎Heatlabileenterotoxin,LT不耐热肠毒Heatstableenterotoxin,ST耐热肠毒Haemolyticuraemicsymdrome,HUS溶血性尿毒综合症Proteus变形杆菌属Weil-Felixtest试十三弧菌属Classicalbiotype古典生物型ELTorbiotypeELTor生物型Choleraenterotoxin霍乱肠毒素Non-agglutinatingVibrio,NAG不凝集性弧菌V.parahemolyticus副溶血性弧菌Kanagawatest神奈川试验Anaerobicbacteria厌氧性细菌Tetaniantitoxin,TAT破伤风抗毒素Naglerreaction卵磷脂酶试验Stormyfermentation汹涌发酵Gasgangrene气性坏疽C.botulinumC.difficile艰难梭菌十五棒状杆菌属CorynebacteriumC.Elongationfactor-2延长因子－2SchickDiphth