英语人教版高中选择性必修二（2019新编）1-2 Reading and thinking习题检测

Unit1Readingandthinking习题检测一、根据汉语意思填写单词1．Doyouhaveany________(证据)thatthismanstoleyourbag?2．Thetrafficaccidentsinthecity________(减少)lastyear.3．Thepolicehavetakenthetwo________(嫌疑犯)tothepolicestationandtheyarebeingquestionednow.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)4．BesidesWesternmedicinemethods，traditionalChinesemedicinetreatmentproveseffectiveagainstthev________(病毒).5．Theymade________(重大的)changestothearrangements.6．Hewasnotdispleasedatthewayhehad________(处理)theproblem.7．Thedriverofthecrashedcarreceived________(多样的)injuries.8．Theevidencedemonstrateshoweasilypeoplecanhold________(相互矛盾的)beliefs.9．NobodybutIshouldbeto________(责备).10．I’msureyouwillfindithardto________(处理)thisproblemtomorrow.二、用单词的适当形式完成句子11．Wecan'tgoout.Itis________(pour)outside.12．Iworkedinavillageschoolforawholeyearandhadmylifetotally________(transform)bythatexperience.13．Youshouldknowwhen__________(stop)askingquestions.14．Acheaptablecan__________(transform)byaninterestingcover.15．Thisinformationconfirmsmeinthebeliefthatheis_________(blame).16．Ithinkhesuspectedus__________someimproperpurpose.17．Manycompanies__________(subscribe)generouslytothefootballclubsofar.18．AdeandBrooksexchangedblowsyesterdayandtheywere__________(severe)punishedtoday.19．Whentheyknewtherewasapandainthepark,thechildrencouldhardlywait__________(see)it.20．Thisis_________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.三、阅读选择AMonkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Here’showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit.“Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,”Dr.Livingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey’redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”21．Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?A．Theyfedthem. B．Theynamedthem.C．Theytrainedthem. D．Theymeasuredthem.22．Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?A．Bydrawingacircle. B．Bytouchingascreen.C．Bywatchingvideos. D．Bymixingtwodrinks.23．WhatdidLivingstone’steamfindaboutthemonkeys?A．Theycouldperformbasicaddition. B．Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.C．Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily. D．Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.24．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Entertainment. B．Health. C．Education. D．Science.BWhenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn’tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It’saplant’swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighboursreact.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon’tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn’tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(亲密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There’sawholelotgoingon.25．Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?A．Itmakesnoises. B．Itgetshelpfromotherplants.C．Itstandsquietly D．Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.26．Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3?A．Theattackersgetattacked.B．Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C．Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D．Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.27．Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan________.A．predictnaturaldisastersB．protectthemselvesagainstinsectsC．talktooneanotherintentionallyD．helptheirneighborswhennecessary28．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Theworldischangingfasterthanever.B．PeoplehavestrongersensesthanbeforeC．TheworldismorecomplexthanitseemsD．PeopleinDarwin’stimewereimaginative.四、完形填空ScientistsinNorwayhavesomegoodnewsforcoffeedrinkers.Researchershavealreadyfoundevidencethatthedrinkorthebeanscanhelpwithweightloss,29one’sriskofdevelopingsomediseases,promotemusclegrowth,protectagainstcertaintypesofcancersandcanevenreduceone’sriskofpremature(早于预期的)death,amongmanyother30.Nowitissaidthatacupof31reducesphysicalpain.Thesurprisingfindingis32astudyinvolving48volunteerswhoagreedtospend90minutesperformingcomputertasksmeanttofinishofficework.Thetaskswereknownto33painintheshoulders,neck,forearmsandwrists.Theresearcherswantedto34howpeoplewithpainandthosewhowerepain-freetolerated(忍受)thepainofsuchtasks.Asamatterofconvenience,thescientistsallowedpeopletodrinkcoffeebeforetakingthetest“toavoid35effectsofcaffeinelack,e.g.decreasedvigor,sleepiness,andexhaustion.”theyreported.Whenitcametimetoanalyzethedata,theresearchersfromNorway’sNationalInstituteofOccupationalHealthandOsloUniversityHospitalnoticedthatthe19peoplewhodrankcoffeereporteda36intensity(强度)ofpainthanthe29peoplewhodidn’t.Intheshouldersandneck,37theaveragepainwasrated41(ona100-pointscale)amongthecoffeedrinkersand55forthenon-coffeedrinkers.Similargapswerefoundforallpainsitesmeasured,andcoffee’sobviouspain-reductioneffect38.However,theauthorsofthestudy,whichwaspublishedthisweekinthejournal,BMCResearchNotes,warnthattheresultsofthestudycomewithmany39.Forstarters,theresearchersdon’tknowhowmuchcoffeethecoffeedrinkersconsumed(消耗)beforetakingthecomputertests.40,theydoubtwhetherthecoffeedrinkersandnon-coffeedrinkerswere41inallaspectsexceptfortheircoffeeconsumption.Problemslikethesetendto42theimportanceofthefindings.Butthosedoubtsare43totroublethecoffeedrinkerslookingforanyreasonnottocutbackontheirdailycaffeinehabit.29．A．take B．reduce C．increase D．face30．A．trends B．advice C．benefits D．promotions31．A．milk B．water C．coke D．coffee32．A．basedon B．fondof C．differentfrom D．regardedas33．A．cause B．indicate C．ease D．relieve34．A．warn B．compare C．cure D．treat35．A．unpleasant B．modest C．significant D．positive36．A．lower B．higher C．shorter D．longer37．A．inaddition B．asaresult C．forexample D．inoneword38．A．turnedup B．tookup C．putup D．gaveup39．A．satisfaction B．uncertainties C．attention D．response40．A．Moreover B．However C．Otherwise D．Nevertheless41．A．guilty B．similar C．different D．proper42．A．realize B．observe C．measure D．weaken43．A．unlikely B．orderly C．jealous D．capable五、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for44．(be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,45．sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave46．(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene47．(declare)shehadnoplans48．(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon’tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI49．(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,50．becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon’thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall51．(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas52．joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It’s53．(wonder).”参考答案1．proof【详解】考查名词。句意：你有证据证明这个人偷了你的包吗？根据汉语提示“证据”和空前的“haveany”可知，应填名词proof作宾语，此处proof表抽象概念，不可数。故填proof。2．decreased【详解】考查动词时态。句意：去年这个城市的交通事故减少了。根据汉语提示“减少”和时间状语“lastyear”可知，应填动词decrease的过去式decreased。故填decreased。3．suspects【详解】考查名词。句意：警察已经把这两名嫌疑犯带到警察局，他们正在接受审问。基数词two后需接可数名词复数，根据汉语提示可知，suspect嫌疑犯，可数名词，符合题意，其复数为suspects。故填suspects。4．virus【详解】考查名词。句意：除了西医的治疗方法外，中医治疗这个病毒也被证明是有效的。根据汉语提示以及句子结构可知此处需要填名词“病毒”virus。virus为可数名词，本题中特指病毒故用单数形式。故填virus。5．substantial【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们对安排作了重大修改。根据汉语提示“重大的”可知，此处可用形容词substantial作changes的定语。故填substantial。6．handled【详解】考查时态。句意：他对自己处理这个问题的方式并没有感到不满。此处缺少动词作谓语，handle表示“处理”。在助动词had后应用过去分词，构成过去完成时，故填handled。7．multiple【详解】考查形容词。句意：被撞汽车的司机多处受伤。修饰名词injuries，用形容词形式。根据汉语提示及句意，故填multiple。8．contradictory【详解】考查形容词。句意：证据表明，人们是多么容易持有相互矛盾的信念。根据汉语提示“相互矛盾的”可知，此处可用形容词contradictory作名词beliefs的定语。故填contradictory。9．blame【详解】考查动词。句意：除了我没人应该受到责备。根据所给句子和汉语提示可推出是动词blame“责备”，此处为固定用法betoblame“该受责备”。故填blame。【点睛】10．handle【详解】考查动词。句意：我相信你明天会发现处理这个问题很棘手。结合所给句子和汉语提示可推出是动词handle“处理”，根据固定结构findit+adj.+todo“发现做某事......”，可知to为不定式符号，其后应用动词原形。故填handle。【点睛】11．pouring【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们不能出去。外面正在下大雨。结合上文Wecan'tgoout.可知表示动作现在正在发生应用现在进行时。故填pouring。12．transformed【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我在乡村学校整整工作了一年，通过这次经历我的人生彻底改变。have+宾语+宾补，人生和改变是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动，故填transformed。13．tostop【详解】考查不定式。句意：你应该知道什么时候停止提问。分析句子及语意，可知此处应是特殊疑问词+不定式结构。whentostop，意为什么时候停止。故填tostop。14．betransformed【详解】考查被动语态。句意：一个有趣的罩子可以改变一张便宜的桌子。由空后“byaninterestingcover”可知，此处指桌子被有趣的罩子改变，所以空处需用情态动词can的被动语态：canbedone。故填betransformed。15．toblame【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一消息使我更加确信他应该受到责备。固定短语betoblame，意为“该受责备”。故填toblame。16．of【详解】考查介词。句意：我认为他怀疑我们有什么不正当的目的。根据上文suspectedus可知，此处为短语suspectsb.ofsth.，表示“怀疑某人……”，应填介词of。故填of。17．havesubscribed【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，许多公司已慷慨地向足球俱乐部捐款。根据时间状语sofar可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态：have/hasdone，主语是复数

companies

，所以此处助动词需用have。故填havesubscribed。18．severely【详解】考查副词。句意：艾德和布鲁克斯昨天打了起来，今天他们受到了严厉的惩罚。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词punished，severe的副词为severely“严厉地”。故填severely。19．tosee【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：当孩子们知道公园里有只大熊猫的时候，他们几乎迫不及待地要去看。can’thardlywaittodosth意为“急切地；迫不及待地”是动词习惯用法，不定式作目的状语。故填tosee。20．what【详解】考查表语从句。这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望“_________myfatherhastaughtme”是表语从句，该空在从句中做teach的宾语，表示“父亲教我的道理”，故填what。21．C22．B23．A24．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。哈佛医学院的一位科学家领导的研究团队发现猴子能进行基本的加法计算。21．细节理解题。根据第二段中的AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.可知，在对这些猴子进行测试之前，研究人员对它们进行了培训。故C项正确。22．细节理解题。根据第三段中的Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.可知，当猴子触摸屏幕左边时，它们会得到7滴水或者果汁的奖励；当它们触摸屏幕的另一端（即画着圆圈的部分）时，它们会得到17滴水或果汁的奖励。由此可知，猴子是通过触摸屏幕得到奖励的。故B项正确。23．细节理解题。根据第四段“theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.和第五段中的Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit.可知，猴子会在超过一半的时间内选择更高的值，这意味着它们在进行计算，而不仅仅是记住每一个组合的值。所以猴子能够进行基本的加法计算。故A项正确。24．推理判断题。通读整篇文章可知，该文介绍的是哈佛医学院的科学家MargaretLivingstone领导的一个研究团队对猴子进行实验得出的研究结果，这属于“科学研究”范畴，故该文应出现在报纸的“科学”版块。故D项正确。25．D26．A27．B28．C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，当多叶植物受到攻击时，它们不会坐以待毙，会发出VOCs，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。25．细节理解题。根据“reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm”可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。故选D。26．词义猜测题。根据“Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch”，一旦它们到达这里，然后这些攻击者就会成为植物的午餐，根据语境，故选A。27．细节理解题，根据“Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo”，可知，植物在必要的时候会通过分泌化学物质，通知周围的植物保持警惕。故选B。28．推理判断题。根据“imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(亲密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There’sawholelotgoingon”可知，这个世界远比我们看到或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。故选C。【点睛】本文33题属于词义猜测题。我们可以根据后句“Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch”中的lunch,说明攻击者会成为午餐以及“Whenaleafyplantisunderattack，itdoesn’tsitquietly植物受到攻击时，不会坐以待毙”，故thetablesareturned意为“Theattackersgetattacked..植物准备反击”。本题属于典型的理由上下文语境推测。近几年高考阅读中猜测词义考查方法多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测将会越来越多。根据上下文语境作出判断：有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义域解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。29．B30．C31．D32．A33．A34．B35．A36．A37．C38．A39．B40．A41．B42．D43．A【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现咖啡这种饮料或咖啡豆有助于减肥，降低患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险，还有许多其他好处。同时文章说明了这项研究的过程以及研究结果，然而这项研究的作者警告说研究仍有许多不确定性。29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员已经发现证据表明，这种饮料或豆类有助于减肥，减少患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险，还有许多其他好处。A.take带走；B.reduce减少；C.increase增加；D.face面对。结合下文promotemusclegrowth,protectagainstcertaintypesofcancersandcanevenreduceone’sriskofprematuredeath可知是这种饮料的优点，故此处指减少患某些疾病的风险。故选B。30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员已经发现证据表明，这种饮料或豆类有助于减肥，降低患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险，还有许多其他好处。A.trends趋势；B.advice建议；C.benefits好处；D.promotions升职。结合上文promotemusclegrowth,protectagainstcertaintypesofcancersandcanevenreduceone’sriskofprematuredeath可知是这种饮料的优点好处，故选C。31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在据说一杯咖啡可以减轻身体的疼痛。A.milk牛奶；B.water水；C.coke可乐；D.coffee咖啡。根据上文ScientistsinNorwayhavesomegoodnewsforcoffeedrinkers.可知是咖啡。故选D。32．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：这一惊人的发现是基于一项涉及48名志愿者的研究，他们同意花90分钟执行电脑任务来完成办公室工作。A.basedon基于；B.fondof喜欢；C.differentfrom不同于；D.regardedas认为是。结合下文astudyinvolving48volunteerswhoagreedtospend90minutesperformingcomputertasksmeanttofinishofficework.可知此处指这项发现是基于一项研究。故选A。33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些任务会造成肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。A.cause造成；B.indicate表明；C.ease缓解；D.relieve解除。结合下文painintheshoulders,neck,forearmsandwrists可知这些任务会造成肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。故选A。34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员想要比较有疼痛感的人和那些没有疼痛感的人是如何忍受这类任务的疼痛的。A.warn警告；B.compare比较；C.cure治愈；D.treat对待。结合下文howpeoplewithpainandthosewhowerepain-freetoleratedthepainofsuchtasks可知是将有疼痛感的人和那些没有疼痛感的人进行比较。故选B。35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了方便起见，科学家们允许人们在测试前喝咖啡，“以避免咖啡因缺乏的不良影响，如活力下降、嗜睡和疲惫。”A.unpleasant不愉快的；B.modest谦虚的；C.significant意义重大的；D.positive积极的。结合下文decreasedvigor,sleepiness,andexhaustion可知活力下降、嗜睡和疲惫都是不良影响。unpleasanteffects“不良影响”。故选A。36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：职业健康和奥斯陆大学医院注意到，喝咖啡的19名受试者报告的疼痛强度低于不喝咖啡的29名受试者。A.lower更低的；B.higher更高的；C.shorter更短的；D.longer更长的。结合下文averagepainwasrated41(ona100-pointscale)amongthecoffeedrinkersand55forthenon-coffeedrinkers可知喝咖啡的19名受试者报告的疼痛强度低于不喝咖啡的29名受试者。故选A。37．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在肩部和颈部，喝咖啡的人的平均疼痛程度为41分(满分100分)，而不喝咖啡的人为55分。A.inaddition此外；B.asaresult结果；C.forexample例如；D.inoneword总之。结合上文可知测试的身体部位有肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕，此处只列举了肩部和颈部作为例子，故选C。38．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在所有测量的痛觉部位都发现了类似的差异，结果发现咖啡有明显的止痛效果。A.turnedup出现；B.tookup接受；C.putup提供；D.gaveup放弃。结合上文可知测试中都表现出了咖啡的止痛效果，故选A。39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，本周发表在BMCResearchNotes杂志上的这项研究的作者警告说，这项研究的结果存在许多不确定性。A.satisfaction满足；B.uncertainties不确定性；C.attention注意；D.response响应。结合下文Forstarters,theresearchersdon’tknowhowmuchcoffeethecoffe