牛津必修三-Unit3-Grammar-导学案设计(主谓一致学案设计)

语法专题 主谓一致I、重点难点解析主谓一致的高考命题导向考点主要分布在语法结构对主谓一致的影响充当主语的词汇意义对主谓一致的影响复合句中的主谓一致等。主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数上的一致，主语的“人称”和“数”决定谓语动词的变化。一主谓一致原则一览表原则概念例句语法一致原则指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式主语是复数形式谓语也用复数形式SteveEmberisagoodplayer．Childrenliketoys.意义一致原则指主语形式上为单数．但表示复数意义谓语动词用复数形式或主语形式上为复数但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow．Newsistravellingfastnowadays．就近一致原则谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语Thereisaknifeandtwoforksonthedesk．Eitheryouorheistogo．二、语法一致不定式、动名词、从句作主语，用单数GoingtoaBritishhighschool (be)anunforgettableexperience.Whathesaid (be)true.Either,neither,each,theother,another,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,something,everything,nobody,nothing作主语用单数Nothing (be)impossible.Everything (be)possible.主语后有with,togetherwith,aswellas,alongwith,like,as,except,but,morethan,ratherthan,otherthan,nolessthan等词或短语时,谓语动词与主语一致。Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks (be)offeredtothenationasagift.Themonitoraswellashisclassmates(be)givenarewardforworkinghardyesterday.and连接的并列主语由and连接的两个不同概念的名词作主语时，动词要用复数：BothyouandI (be)goingtoattendthemeeting.但是如果指一个事物用单数breadandbutterknifeandfork（2）有each,every,manya,no修饰并列主语，用单数Eachwomanandeachman (have)achancetowin.Everyboyandeverygirl （know）thateachdayandeachhourbringsitsduty.(3)and连接的两个名词只有一个冠词用单数，有两个冠词用复数Theprofessorandthewrite (be)visitingourschoolAsingeranddancer (be)visitingourschool(4).从句，不定式等由and连接做主语,完整式用复数,缩略式用单数Whathesaidandwhathedidagree.WhatIsayanddo (be)myownbusiness.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory beendecidedyet.以S结尾的词常用复数的情况:trousers,belongings,possessions,scissors等但是有些词是单复同形的，如means,series,speciesAseriesofaccidents (happen)everyyear.Theglassworks (be)setupin1980.Everymeans beentried.Allmeans beentried.许多的表达只能加不可数名词：deal和amount,且amounts修饰用复数能可名：nube,manya(单),aoodmany复，orehanone（单，more(复)hanoneanumberof...谓语动词复数thenumberof...谓语动词单数可数不可数均可：quantity,variety（和名词一致），quantities,varieties后用复数Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alargequantityofdesert (have)coveredtheland.Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonroads (keep)risingthesedays.Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse(be)beingbuiltatpresentinthedisasterarea.定语从句oneof…用复数，theonlyoneof…用单数Heisoneofthestudentswho (be)late.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho(be)late.三、意义一致时间、金钱、重量、距离等复数名词当整体看600miles (be)alongdistance.20years (be)onlyashortspaninhumanlife.以“S”结尾的学科名，杂志名，地名等用单数NewTimes (be)popular.Politics (be)oneofthehardest.3.集体名词family,crew,population,team,class等表示集体概念用单数，表示具体的人用复数people,police,cattle,用复数（注意：apeople表示民族）Thewholefamily (be)watchingTVFamily (be)moreimportantthanwork.What (be)thepopulationofChina?4.有kind,pairtype，则与kind，pair,type一致Thispairofglasses (be)yours.Thesetwopairsofglasses (be)yours.5.therest,most,half,all,alotof,some,百分比，分数加名词，谓语动词与名词一致Therestofthestudents (be)intheclassroom.thirdsofthewater (be)polluted.四、就近一致1．therebe句型There (be)apen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.either…or，neither…nor，notonly…butalso,not…but,whether…orEitheryouorshe (be)togo.不是你去，就是她去。由here,there引导的倒装句Here (be)apen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.给你笔、信封和纸一、用所给单词的正确形式填空1．(2019·甘肃兰州一中月考)Eachstudent (learn)aforeignlanguage,mostlyEnglish,fromDayOneoftheircompulsoryeducation.hasdonatedsomemoneytothosewholiveinpoverty,which (be)ofgreathelp.3．(2019·四川部分名校联测)Atthefootofthemountain (lie)anoldvillagewhichhasabeautifulview.4．(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which (be)bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.5．(2019·浙江金丽衢十二校联考)Shetookthelifttotheeleventhfloor,andthesecretaryshowedherwhereherdeskandhercomputer (be)．6．(2019·吉林长春外国语学校质检)Whattheyneedmost (be)moneywhilewhatweneedmost (be)textbooks.7．(2019·湖南怀化一模)Morethanonedoctor (be)involvedintherescuethattookplaceaftertheearthquake.8．(2019·湖南师大附中月考)ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureonWesternculture,andheaswellashisassistants (be)toarrivebyair.9(201·河南分重点中联考)Asureyofheopnonsofepers (show)hathreehoursofoudorexerciseaweek (be)goodforone’shealth.10．(2019·河北武邑中学第二次调研)There (be)adogandthreeducksintheyard,inthemiddleofwhich (be)twotalltreeswithgreatshade.二、语法填空Peoplereleaseballoonsforspecialoccasionslikememorialservicesandgrandopenings.Itisfunandexciting.Butitreallycausesgreatdestructiontotheenvironmentandthreatensthe1. (life)ofourwildlife.Whenaballoon2. (fly)intotheitdoesn’tendup3. (stay)there.Iteventuallyburstsandreturnstotheearthasuglylitter.Balloonscaneventravelthousandsofmilesandpollutethemostremoteandpureplaces.More4. (sad),theycanpresentathreattomanyanimals.Birds,whales,turtlesandotheranimalsoftenmistakeballoons5. food,whichcandodamagetothembecauseballoonscontain6. (harm)chemicals.Balloonsevenkillanimals.Whenananimalswallowsaballoon,itcanblockitsintestinaltract(肠道)resultinginstarvation.Partofthereasonwhyreleasingballoons7. (permit)insomanyplacesisthatsomeballoonsdobreakdowneventually.However,ittakesaboutfouryears8. (break)downcompletely.Watchinghundredsofballoonsslowlygoingupintotheskymightgiveyouafive­secondthrill,9. isitworthabunchofdeadanimalsandsomanyplacesfullofrubbish?Absolutelynot.10. weshoulddoisgetcreativeandcomeupwithalternativewaystocelebrate.三、阅读理解C“Ready?”“Ready.”“Now?”“Soon.”“Dothescientistsreallyknow?Willithappentoday,willit?”“Look,look;seeforyourself!”Itrained.Ithadbeenrainingforsevenyears;thousandsuponthousandsofdaysfilledfromoneendtotheotherwithrain,withthedrumofwater,withthesweetcrystalfallofshowersandthecontinuousstormssoheavythathugewavesovertheislands.Athousandforestshadbeendestroyedundertherainandgrownupathousandtimestobedestroyedagain.AndthiswasthewaylifewasforeverontheplanetVenus,andthiswastheschoolroomofthechildrenoftherocketmenandwomenwhohadcometoarainingworldtosetupcivilization(文明)andliveouttheirlives.“It’sstopping,it’sstopping!”“Yes,yes!”Margotstoodapartfromthem,fromthesechildrenwhocouldneverrememberatimewhentherewasn’trainandrainandrain.Theywereallnineyearsold,andiftherehadbeenaday,sevenyearsago,whenthesuncameoutforanhourandshoweditsfacetothestunnedworld,theycouldnotremember.Sometimes,atnight,sheheardthemstir,inremembrance,andsheknewtheyweredreamingandrememberinggoldorayellowcrayonoracoinlargeenoughtobuytheworldwith.Sheknewtheythoughttheyrememberedawarmness,likeablushingintheface,inthebody,inthearmsandlegsandtremblinghands.Butthentheyalwaysawoketotheendlessshakingdownofclearbead(珠子)necklacesupontheroof,thewalk,thegardens,theforests,andtheirdreamsweregone.Nowtherainwasgettinglighter,andthechildrenwerecrushedinthegreatthickwindows.Margotstoodalone.Shewasaveryfrailgirlwholookedasifshehadbeenlostintherainforyearsandtherainhadwashedoutthebluefromhereyesandtheredfromhermouthandtheyellowfromherhair.Nowshestood,separate,staringattherainandtheloudwetworldbeyondthehugeglass.“What’reyoulookingat?”saidWilliam.Margotsaidnothing.“Speakwhenyou’respokento.”Hegaveherashove(推搡).Butshedidnotmove;rathersheletherselfbemovedonlybyhimandnothingelse.Theyedgedawayfromher,theywouldnotlookather.Shefeltthemgoaway.Andthiswasbecauseshewouldplaynogameswiththemintheechoingtunnelsoftheundergroundcity.Iftheytaggedherandran,shestoodafterthemanddidnotfollow.Whentheclasssangsongsabouthappinessandlifeandgamesherlipsbarelymoved.Onlywhentheysangaboutthesunandthesummerdidherlipsmoveasshewatchedthewindows.Andthen,ofcourse,thebiggestcrimeofallwasthatshehadcomehereonlyfiveyearsagofromEarth,andsherememberedthesunandthewaythesunwasandtheskywaswhenshewasfourinOhio.Andthey,theyhadbeenonVenusalltheirlives,andtheyhadbeenonlytwoyearsoldwhenlastthesuncameoutandhadlongsinceforgottenthecolorandheatofitandthewayitreallywas.ButMargotremembered.By“acoinlargeenoughtobuytheworldwith”,theauthorsuggest .thecoinusedonB.achild’scoloredpencilC.thehighpriceofD.achild’sdrawingofthesunThechildrendislikedMargotmainlybecauseshe .wasolderthantheywere B.likedthecontinuousrainC.knewwhatthesunlooklike D.hadbroughttherainwithherTheunderlinedphrase“Margotstoodapartfromthem”suggestsshestayedawayfromthem.AllthefollowingsentencessuggestthesamethingEXCEPT“ ”.shefeltthemgoaway. B.Herlipshardlymoved.C.shestoodafterthemanddidnotfollow. D.shewouldplaynogameswiththem.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext?MargotRemembered B.TheRain C.TheOutsider D.TheSunNeverComes语法一致

主谓一致学案答案is is 2.is is 3.is was 4.are has knows are is don’t ishasn’t5.happens was has have 6.has keeps is 7.are is意义一致is is 2.is is 3.are is is 4 is are 5.are is就近一致s s s热身练：一、用所给单词的正确形式填空learns解析：主语是eachstudent，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。解析意给生活困人了些这了忙hch非限制性定从从中主语指前主的容从谓动应单数根空前的hasonaed可此用一现时填。lies解析：当介词短语置于句首时，句子应用完全倒装，去除修饰部分whichhasabeautifulview后，还原成正常语序为：Anoldvillage (lie)atthefootoftheounan意ft坐落一能览城景的老屋结定从句时可以判断此应一现时，填e。wa解析：句意：受到广泛好评和高度称赞的《远大前程》的出版巩固了狄更斯作为一名杰出小说家的地位。分析句子结构可知，wch引导定语从句，其先行词是GeatExpecaon这一书所以语句谓动用单形根据senghened可知，此处应用一般过去时，故用was。were解析：在where引导的宾语从句中，主语是herdeskandhercomputer，谓语动词须用复数形式。s;ae解what导从句主时若句语部是表构主谓动词的通要作语名词词数持致oney不数词exbooks可数名词数故一用，第用a。wa解：意许生都入了后营工作。“oehanoe可数名词单作主时，谓词用第三人单数形根据从句用般过时知，主句应用一过时填a。解析：句意：詹姆斯教授将给我们做一次关于西方文化的演讲，他和他的助理将乘飞到aswelas接并成时谓动的单数式与面语保一。shows；is解析：主句主语是Asurvey，故主句谓语用单数，第一空填shows；第二空前的threehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek表示整体概念，故从句谓语动词用单数形式。therebebe名词短语题干的adg知第空用第用ae,woaleeswhgeat表示复数概念，作表语的介词短语提前构成了倒装。二、语法填空1．lives解析：考查名词的复数形式。life为可数名词，此处指野生动物的生命，因此用复数形式。2．flies解析：考查主谓一致。句子的主语是aballoon，且由主句谓语doesn’tendup可知，从句谓语动词应用一般现在时、单数形式。3．staying解析：考查非谓语动词。endupdoingsth.以……告终。4．sadly解析：考查词性转换。此处作状语，故用副词形式。5．for解析：考查介词。mistake...for...把……误认为……。6．harmful解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词chemicals应用形容词形式。7．ispermitted解析：考查被动语态。动名词短语releasingballoons作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，且releasingballoons与permit为被动关系，故用被动语态。8．tobreak解析：考查非谓语动词。ittakessometimetodosth.花费多少时间做某事。9．but解析：考查连词。前后句为转折关系，故用but。10．What解析：考查名词性从句。主语从句中do后缺少宾语，指所做的事情，故填what三、阅读理解DCAC四．完型填空【答案】1—5CBABD6—10CAABD11—15DBCAD16—20ABCDC【解本是一夹夹议介了在非工作变原家对者的作者在听同思变更开，人解更。C考查名词。句意：每个人都有强烈的观点。A.qualification资格，条件；B.influence影响；C.opinion观点；D.assumption假设。故选C。B考查名词。句意：没有人会在导致激烈的争论方面有问题。A.commitment承诺；B.problem问题；C.schedule时间表；D.request请求。haveaproblem（in）doing在......方面有问题，根据上下文和搭配可知，这里表示问题，故选B。3.ABelongingto属于；B.Believingin相信；C.Bringingup抚养，与I是动宾关系，应该用被动分词形式；D.Strugglingfor为…而奋斗。根据句意和上下文可知，这里表示属于。故选A。4.B考查形容词。句意：属于像我这样的家庭让我对周围的世界更加好奇。A.anxious焦虑的；B.curious好奇的；C.nervous紧张不安的；D.adventurous爱冒险的。根据句意和上下文可知，这里表示好奇的。故选B。5.D考动句当倾指不点头礼性回是等A.appealingturningreferring与to配意指的是，选D。6.Crudely粗鲁地；B.loudly大声地；C.politely礼貌地；D.gratefully感激地。故选C。7.A考查动词。句意：我指的是那种你发现自己深深认同你说话的人的那种倾听。A.identifying识别；认同；B.quarreling吵架；C.debating辩论；D.competing竞赛。根据句意和上下文可知，这里表示认同，故选A。8.A考查形容词。句意：当他的故事变得如此生动。A.vivid生动的；B.magical魔力的；C.mind-numbing令人心烦意乱的；D.time-consuming消耗。故选A。9.B考查名词。句意：我在一家名为诺亚的非盈利机构工作。A.school学校；B.organization组织；C.factory工厂；D.church教堂。故选B。10.D考查副词。句意：该组织为受艾滋病影响的儿童不知疲惫的工作。A.effortlessly轻松地；B.timelessly永久地；C.aimlessly漫无目标地；D.tirelessly不知疲倦地。故选D。11.D考查连词。句意：如果你问我在南非到底做了什么。A.unless除非；B.because因为；C.although尽管；D.if如果。故选D。12.BapplaudedweptcomplainedbutmostlyIsene（但大分时我都在听，知里与反的自是话选B。13.C考动词句意如我没这个的听可能要过人时刻A.udyg学习；B.traveling旅行；C.listening倾听；D.working工作。故选C。14.A考查形容词。句意：我可能就要错过感人的时刻。A.touching感人的；B.frustrating令人沮丧的；C.astonishing令人惊讶的；D.fascinating使着迷的。故选A。15.D查三岁经长间沉声A.deay延耽B.couse课C.ouney旅D.sence默由文知是一三的whspe”一词可断她长段时的说，沉（senc故选。16.A考查连词。句意：在那个夏天之前，我知道如何倾听。A.Before在……之前；B.After在……之后；C.Except除……之外；D.Since自从。故选A。17.B考查名词。句意：我可以和任何人坐下来听他们的故事。A.needs需要；B.stories故事；C.comments评论；D.cases情况。故选B。18.C考查形容词。句意：在合适的时间点点头和回应。A.valuable有价值的；B.free自由的；C.right正确的，合适的；D.same相同的。故选C。19.D查词句可以任人下他们故在当候点或应，但大数候都想（hnkn下句应的话A.akng话B.agung争；C.learning学习；D.thinking思考，想。故选D。20.C考名句我在非夏开就注那时的嘴紧，我的维阔我人了得多也关于自A.sypahy同情B.pt精神C.d智思；D.ay家。选。五．单词拼写:Shestudiedhisface,butitbetrayednothing.Theyareplanningtobuildan environmentally friendlyhotelsoastosaveenergyandreducethepollution.Thedriverarguedthatitwastheheavyfog,nothim,thatshouldberesponsible fortheaccident.Fromhisfrightenedlook,Iguesshemusthavefoundsomethinghorrible.ourtherearesomanybreakthroughs inscienceandtechnologyallovertheworldinrecentlyyears.Afterwequarreledtherewasanawkward(尴尬的)silence.Theconservation（保护）ofnaturalresourcesisthoughtofastheonlywaytostoptheplanetfromfailing.Thesalesmanguaranteed(担保)thattheTVwouldnotbreakinthefirstfiveyearswithnormaluse.Thereshouldbemoretechnicalschools（职校）totrainworkersintradesandindustries.Sor,Iotkowhepesonyuaeookgo.eteconut查）eeswhchhavetheinformationaboutthepeoplewhohaveworkedinthis六．短语填空：I'vebeentryingtoringupalldayandIcouldn'tgetthrough.stillhavealongwaytogotosolvealltheproblems