国际交流英语视听说B3U6.ppt

1、Unit,6,After Oil,Book 3,Think and Discuss,Viewing the World,Exploring the Theme,Analytical Listening,Sharing Your Ideas,Engaging,Further Listening,Content,Unit 6 After Oil,Think and Discuss,Look at the photo. How old do you think these gas pumps are? How much do you think a liter of gas cost when th

2、ese pumps were in use? How would your life be different if gasoline cost twice as much as it does now?,A pair of vintage gas pumps in a desert landscape,Questions,Example Answer 1 Automobiles were first mass-produced around 110 years ago. The pumps dont look that old, but I think the pumps are proba

3、bly 70 or 80 years old.,Look at the photo. How old do you think these gas pumps are?,Questions,Example Answer 2 I think the pumps are 50 or 60 years old. Gas pumps older than that had large glass containers on top. You pumped the gasoline into the container. Then gravity moved the gas down a hose an

4、d into your cars gas tank.,Look at the photo. How old do you think these gas pumps are?,Questions,Example Answer 3 I dont think the pumps are very old. Theyve been outside, so the weather has worn away the paint. But the design is fairly modern, so they might be 30 or 40 years old.,Look at the photo

5、. How old do you think these gas pumps are?,Questions,How much do you think a liter of gas cost when these pumps were in use?,Example Answers A gallon is about four liters. In 1930, a gallon cost about $0.25. By 1970, the price had gone up to about $0.5. In 1990 a gallon cost about $1.25, and in 201

6、0, it cost about $4.,Questions,How would your life be different if gasoline cost twice as much as it does now?,Example Answer 1 My life would be very different because my family has a car. My parents use it to go to work, to go shopping, and to go out at night. If gas cost twice as much, we would us

7、e the car less, and only for necessary trips. In addition, the price of many things would also go up, so we might not have enough money to buy all the things we buy now.,Questions,How would your life be different if gasoline cost twice as much as it does now?,Example Answer 2 My life would not be ve

8、ry different because I usually walk or ride a bicycle. I also buy most of my food from local farmers, and higher gas prices wouldnt affect them much. I dont buy a lot of clothing, electronics, or other goods, so higher prices on those things wouldnt affect me very much.,Questions,Exploring the Theme

9、,Unit 6 After Oil,Look at the photos and the graphic and read the captions. Then discuss the questions. Based on the information in the graphic, what is the majority of oil used for? What are some of the things oil is used for besides transportation? What alternatives to oil are being used in China?

10、,After oil,In our daily lives, we use oil for a wide variety of thingsfrom fuel for our cars to medicine to sports shoes to plastic bags and water bottles. Many people believe that our consumption of oil is reaching its peak. Oil will never be as cheap and common as it is now. This graphic shows how

11、 a typical barrel of oil is used. (1 barrel = 42 gallons or 159 liters),After oil,Marina Wilsons award- winning steer weighs 1,250 pounds (567 kilograms), and is about to be sold at an auction. The red barrels represent the amount of oil it took to raise the steer, including oil for agricultural che

12、micals and machinery as well as the transportation of the animals food.,After oil,Some scientists say we must shift to alternative forms of energy to prepare for the time when our supply of oil will be depleted. Finding substitutes for oil will be a priority for scientists and countries in the comin

13、g years.,After oil,The South Belridge oilfield in California has produced over a billion barrels of oil since 1911.,After oil,Based on the information in the graphic, what is the majority of oil used for?,Example Answers The majority of oil is used for transportation. Gasoline for cars, diesel fuel

14、for trucks, fuel for ships, and jet fuel for planes comprise the majority of oil usage. Heating oil and oil for other products make up only around a quarter of the oil consumed.,After oil,What are some of the things oil is used for besides transportation?,Example Answers Besides transportation, oil

15、is also used for heating, manufacturing, and for making electricity, plastics, shoes and clothing, medicines, cosmetics, and other products.,After oil,What alternatives to oil are being used in China?,Example Answers China has been investing large amounts of money in renewable energy sources such as

16、 solar power and wind energy. China also has many hydroelectric dams as well as nuclear and thermoelectric power plants.,After oil,Analytical Listening,Unit 6 After Oil,Ron Steinberg 罗恩斯坦伯格（人名） Leila Sparks 利拉斯帕克斯（人名）,Listening 1,M. King Hubbert (1903_1989): a famous scientist in the field of petrol

17、eum geology. He is famous for developing ways to calculate the capacities of oil and natural gas fields. 金哈伯特（美国著名地质学家）,Listening 1,Gulf of Mexico: a large body of salt water off the southeast coast of the U.S.A. and the east coast of Mexico 墨西哥湾,Listening 1,Bias refers to the pre-conceived ideas we

18、 carry with us based on our personal experiences and opinions. An unbiased speaker, therefore, would have no prejudices. The speaker would be completely fair and would consider all sides of every issue. In the real world, almost everyone has some degree of bias.,To be continued ,Listening 1,Thinking

19、 critically about a speakers viewpoint and bias will help us to better understand the information that he or she presents. For example, an environmentalist and a petroleum company president would probably give very different lectures on “The Future of Oil”. (See page 132 in the Independent Student H

20、andbook for more information on recognizing a speakers bias.),Listening 1,Predicting content. You are going to listen to a meeting of the Current Affairs Club in the Listening section. In the meeting, Ron Steinberg, the president of Future Fuels International and Leila Sparks, who works for a compan

21、y that makes a variety of petroleum products, will express their viewpoints about the worlds oil supply. Match each statement below with the speaker that you think would make it.,Before Listening,Listening 1,Predicting content.,Listening 1,b,a,b,a,A | Checking Predictions. Listen to the meeting of t

22、he Current Affairs Club and check your predictions in the Before Listening section.,A Current Affairs Club Meeting,Listening,Listening 1,B | Listening for Main Ideas. Read the questions. Then listen again and answer the questions.,Listening 1,1. What does each speakers organization do? 2. What did D

23、r. M. King Hubberts theory of peak oil say about U.S. oil production? 3. According to each speaker, what do Hubberts models say now about the world oil production? 4. According to Dr. Steinberg, what are the problems with new oil discoveries?,Example Answers Dr. Ron Steinberg works for Future Fuels

24、International, an organization which works to find substitutes for fossil fuels. Dr. Leila Sparks works for Lomax Petroleum, which makes a variety of petroleum products.,1. What does each speakers organization do?,Listening 1,Example Answers Dr. M. King Hubberts theory of peak oil said that U.S. oil

25、 production would peak between 1968 and 1972.,2. What did Dr. M. King Hubberts theory of peak oil say about U.S. oil production?,Listening 1,Example Answers Dr. Sparks says world oil production will increase for the next 20 years. Dr. Steinberg says the peak production of oil occurred in 2006.,3. Ac

26、cording to each speaker, what do Hubberts models say now about the world oil production?,Listening 1,Example Answers Dr. Steinberg says the problem with new oil discoveries is that they will be small and difficult to extract.,4. According to Dr. Steinberg, what are the problems with new oil discover

27、ies?,Listening 1,C | Listening for Details. Read the statements. Then listen again and circle the correct word to complete each statement.,1. Peak oil production in the U.S. was in 1956 / 1970. 2. As the level of oil in a well goes down, the oil gets harder / easier to extract. 3. Dr. Steinberg thin

28、ks oil production will increase / decrease in the next two decades. 4. Dr. Steinberg expects that oil prices will become lower / higher in future years. 5. Its likely that some small / large oil fields havent been discovered yet. 6. Dr. Sparks thinks Dr. Steinberg sounds optimistic / pessimistic.,Li

29、stening 1,C | Listening for Details. Read the statements. Then listen again and circle the correct word to complete each statement.,Listening 1,Answer Keys 1. 1970 2. harder 3. decrease 4. higher 5. small 6. pessimistic,Listening 1,After Listening,A | Critical Thinking. Read the statements. Check ()

30、 T for true or F for false, or M for maybe if the statement could be based on a speakers bias.,To be continued ,Listening 1,A | Critical Thinking.,Listening 1,A | Critical Thinking.,Answer Keys 1. T 2. T 3. F (He thought the U.S. would produce less oil after 1970.) 4. M (The two experts disagree on

31、this point, perhaps because of their bias.) 5. M (The speakers dont mention how easily new oil wells can be found, but any new oil wells will likely be small or difficult to reach. The U.S. is now extracting oil from places that are difficult to reach.),To be continued ,Listening 1,A | Critical Thin

32、king.,Answer Keys (Continued) 6. T 7. T 8. M (The two experts disagree on this point, perhaps because of their bias.),Dr. M. King Hubbert (left) in 1933,Listening 1,Plastic from petroleum provides soles for the Melli Shoe Company in Tehran ( 德黑兰), Iran.,Listening 1,B | Discussion. Form a group with

33、two or three other students. Follow the steps below.,Listening 1,1. Compare your answers in exercise A. If you have any differences of opinion, discuss which speaker might or might not agree with the statements and why. 2. Discuss the current situation of oil consumption and production in China. Do

34、you think there will be a peak oil crisis in China? If yes, what measures can be taken to solve the problem of a decreasing oil supply?,Example Answer 1 In #4, Dr. Sparks says it will be many years before world oil production reaches its peak. Dr. Steinberg says peak production already occurred in 2

35、006.,1. Compare your answers in exercise A. If you have any differences of opinion, discuss which speaker might or might not agree with the statements and why.,Listening 1,Example Answer 2 In #5, Dr. Sparks might say it will be easy to find new oil wells. Dr. Steinberg has said that new oil wells wi

36、ll likely be small or difficult to reach.,1. Compare your answers in exercise A. If you have any differences of opinion, discuss which speaker might or might not agree with the statements and why.,Listening 1,Example Answer 3 In #8, Dr. Sparks might say that we need to find alternatives to oil event

37、ually, but we dont need to make big changes right away. Dr. Steinberg might think that making big changes now, and finding fuels to replace oil, is very important.,1. Compare your answers in exercise A. If you have any differences of opinion, discuss which speaker might or might not agree with the s

38、tatements and why.,Listening 1,Example Answer 1 China is now the second largest oil consumer in the world (after the U.S.). Since Chinas economy is growing, we can expect the demand for oil to continue to grow as well. China used to be an oil-exporting nation, but China now imports oil from Russia,

39、West Africa, and the Middle East. Chinas oil reserves are small compared with its current oil consumption.,2. Discuss the current situation of oil consumption and production in China. Do you think there will be a peak oil crisis in China? If yes, what measures can be taken to solve the problem of a

40、decreasing oil supply?,Listening 1,To be continued ,Example Answer 1 (Continued) Yes, I do think there will be a peak oil crisis in China because the demand for oil is high and continues to grow. If oil becomes much more expensive or much more difficult to get, Chinese peoples lives will change. Emp

41、loyers may have to shut down. Transportation may become very expensive or limited. Prices of food and other necessities may rise significantly.,2. Discuss the current situation of oil consumption and production in China. Do you think there will be a peak oil crisis in China? If yes, what measures ca

42、n be taken to solve the problem of a decreasing oil supply?,Listening 1,Example Answer 2 No, I dont think there will be a peak oil crisis in China because China is working hard to develop alternative sources of energy. Even if oil becomes more expensive in the future, Chinese people will be able to

43、use solar energy, wind energy, and perhaps electric cars in order to live their lives normally.,2. Discuss the current situation of oil consumption and production in China. Do you think there will be a peak oil crisis in China? If yes, what measures can be taken to solve the problem of a decreasing

44、oil supply?,Listening 1,Ron Steinberg: Thanks for coming, everyone. Im sure you all have other things to do with your free time, but our topic tonight is an important one. Im Ron Steinberg, and Im the president of Future Fuels International. Were a . were a group of scientists working to find substi

45、tutes for fossil fuels of all kinds. Tonight, though, Im going to try to answer some of your questions about the peak oil theory. Before we . before we get started, it turns out that you get two speakers this evening instead of one. Dr. Leila Sparks from Lomax Petroleum is also here, and Ill let her

46、 introduce herself. Dr. Sparks? Leila Sparks: Thank you, Ron. As Mr. Steinberg mentioned, I work for a company that makes a variety of petroleum products.,To be continued ,Listening 1,Leila Sparks: Naturally, oil is essential for our company, so were also concerned about the worlds oil supply being

47、depleted. One difference, though . well, the main difference between Mr. Steinberg and me is that our scientists tell us there are still enormous amounts of oil to be found. Were pushing for more exploration to find those new oil wells. Ron Steinberg: All right . Well, before we take your questions,

48、 Ill do a quick introduction to the peak oil theory. First off, we know the scientists will tell you that oil is a non-renewable resource. Oil was formed in a different era of the earths history, so once we deplete the supply of oil we have now, thats it. The theory of peak oil came from Dr. M. King

49、 Hubbert.,To be continued ,Listening 1,Ron Steinberg: Back in 1956, Hubbert used mathematical models, and he thought, he predicted that sometime between 1968 and 1972, the United States would produce as much oil as it was ever going to produce. In other words, that would be the peak of U.S. oil prod

50、uction. In fact, oil production in the U.S. has been declining since 1970, so Dr. Hubbert was right. The U.S. is still extracting oil, but the oil wells are in hard-to-reach places . places like Alaska or the Gulf of Mexico, and as the level of oil in those wells goes down, it takes a lot more work

51、to extract it, too. Male Student: Can I ask a question? Ron Steinberg: Absolutely. Thats what were here for tonight. Male Student: Id like to know what Dr. Hubberts models have to say about the worlds oil supply.,To be continued ,Listening 1,Leila Sparks: I can answer that one. In fact, engineers te

52、ll us that oil production will probably continue to increase for the next 20 years or so. So that means, theyre saying we have some time to make the shift from oil to other fuels, and to find good substitutes for plastic and other petroleum products. Ron Steinberg: Er, actually, your facts may be ou

53、t of date. The latest reports say that peak oil production probably occurred in 2006. If thats true, it means that the oil supply will be decreasing while the world demand for oil is increasing. Expect higher prices, folks. Leila Sparks: Hmm . I hadnt heard those figures, Ron, but in any case, findi

54、ng more oil is a high priority for all of us.,To be continued ,Listening 1,Female Student: I have a question. What if, what if theres oil somewhere that nobody knows about yet? Wouldnt new discoveries change the situation? Ron Steinberg: Thats a good question, and no doubt there is oil that hasnt be

55、en discovered yet. The problem though is that all the enormous, easily discovered oil fields were found years ago, so new discoveries will be pretty small, or the oil will be difficult to extract, like it is in the oil sands in Canada. Leila Sparks: You sound pretty pessimistic, Ron. I have more hop

56、e that the worlds scientists will figure this thing out, and Lomax Petroleum will go on making quality products for a long, long time.,To be continued ,Listening 1,Ron Steinberg: Well, I hope youre right, but just in case youre not, we need to act quickly to conserve the oil we have and to find othe

57、r energy sources for the future.,Listening 1,Listening 2,ethanol n. 乙醇 sugarcane n. 甘蔗 refine v. 净化；提炼 molasses n. 糖浆，糖蜜 crystal n. 结晶（体） ferment v.（ 使）（水果、啤酒、葡萄酒等）发酵,A | Prior Knowledge. Read the information about ethanol on page 86. What other facts do you know about ethanol?,Before Listening,List

58、ening 2,Listening 2,A large ethanol refinery ( 提炼厂) in Brazil,QUICK FACTS: ETHANOL Ethanol is a type of alcohol that can be used as fuel. Crops such as sugarcane and corn are used to manufacture ethanol, but recent advances may lead to “cellulosic ethanol” made from plants such as wild grasses and c

59、rop waste material. Brazil and the United States are the largest producers of ethanol. New cars in Brazil are “flex-fuel” vehicles, and drivers can choose between 100 percent ethanol fuel or a blend that is 80 percent gasoline. The United States has few flex-fuel“ vehicles, and most of the gasoline sold in the country is blended with 10 percent ethanol.,Listening 2,Example Answers Ethanol can also be made from whea