考研考博-英语-大连枫叶职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连枫叶职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ameteorburnsbrightly（）throughtheearth’satmosphere.

问题1选项

A.asitdescends

B.asdescending

C.whetheritdescends

D.whendescends

【答案】A

【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：流星在穿过地球大气层时闪闪发光。whether引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，排除C。D选项缺少主语，排除D。as后面接动词ing形式表示现在进行时，时态不符，排除B。因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis（

）producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

问题1选项

A.absorption

B.dissemination

C.assimilation

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。absorption“吸收”；dissemination“宣传”；assimilation“同化”；interaction“相互作用”。句意：水从固体变成液体需要吸入周围所有物质的热量，这一吸收过程产生的低温。选项A符合题意。

3.案例题

Althoughcreditcardsarebecomingamoreacceptablepartofthefinancialscene,theyarestillregardedwithsuspicionbymanyasbeingamajorpartofthe"livenowpaylater"syndrome（综合症）.Alongwithhire-purchase,rentalandleasingschemes,theyprovideencouragementtospendmoremoney.Ofcourse,itisonlythefoolhardywhosuccumb（屈服）tothetemptationtothetemptationtolive,temporarilyatleast,beyondtheirmeans,andsuchpeoplewouldnodoubtmanagetodosoevenwithoutcreditcards.

Advertisingcampaignshave,however,promotedagrowingrealizationoftheadvantagesofthesesmallpiecesofplastic.Theyobviatetheneedtocarrylargeamountsofcashandarealwaysusefulinemergencies.Allthecreditcardorganizationschargeinterestonamonthlybasiswhichmayworkoutashighas25percentayear,yetjudiciouspurchasingusingacardcanmeanthatyouobtainuptosevenweeksinterest-freecredit.Usingthecardabroad,whereitemsfrequentlytakealongtimetobeincludedonyouraccount,canextendthisperiodevenfurther.

Itisworthwhileshoppingaroundbeforedecidingonaparticularcreditcard.Itisnecessarytoconsidertheamountofcreditgranted;interestrates,whichmayvaryslightly;thenumberandrangeofoutlets,thoughmostcardscovermajorgarages,hotels,restaurantsanddepartmentstores,and,ofcourse,whathappensifyourcardislostorstolen.Acreditcardthiefmaybesittingonapotentialgoldmineparticularlyifthereisadelayinreportingthelossofthecard.

However,ifusedwisely,acreditcardcancostnothingsoratleasthelptotideyouoveraperiodoffinancialdifficulty.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

2.Whatcanbethetitleforthispassage?

3.Whatelsedoyoumeanbyjudiciouspurchasingusingacard?

4.Whathappensifyourcardislostorstolen?

5.Whatdoesthephrase"tideover"inthelastparagraphmean?

Directions:Readthefollowingpassageandthengiveshortanswerstothefivequestions.

【答案】1.Creditcardsarestillbesuspectedbysomepeople.

2.Thecreditcards.

3.Youobtainuptosevenweeksinterest-freecredit.

4.Acreditcardthiefmayuseyourcard.

5.Tosupportthroughadifficultperiod.

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句为本段的中心句,尽管信用卡在金融领域正变得越来越被人们接受,但许多人仍怀疑它是"现用现付"综合征的主要组成部分。也就是说,信用卡现在依然受到部分人的质疑。

2.结合全文可知,本文主要讲了信用卡的用途、如何选择和使用信用卡。所以,文章主要是介绍信用卡。

3.根据关键词"judiciouspurchasing"定位到第二段第三句"...judiciouspurchasingusingacardcanmeanthatyouobtainuptosevenweeksinterest-freecredit."明智地使用信用卡购物意味着你可以获得长达7周的无息信贷。

4.根据第三段最后一句"Acreditcardthiefmaybesittingonapotentialgoldmineparticularlyifthereisadelayinreportingthelossofthecard."一旦你的卡丢失且挂失晚了的话,信用卡窃贼可能会盗用你的卡。

5.tideover意为"克服,度过,度过困难时期"。即tosupportthroughadifficultperiod。

4.单选题

Shewasafraid（）thedogincaseitbecamedangerous.

问题1选项

A.ofexciting

B.toexcite

C.thatsheexcited

D.tobeexciting

【答案】B

【解析】句意:她不敢让这条狗兴奋，以防有危险。

考查固定搭配。beafraidtodosth.害怕/不敢做某事。beafraidofdoingsth.一向害怕做某事(表示习惯)。因此B项符合语境。

5.不定项选择题

Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfeelgood.Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluentSocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarⅡ,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn’treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil”.

It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeserving,rich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople’sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey’vebecome“thedisposableAmerican”,asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedutopianpossibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity.Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause______.

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Para.5)?

5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

问题1选项

A.Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B.Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.

C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

问题2选项

A.publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpected

B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D.materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety

问题3选项

A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.

D.HeathcareandeducationalCosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

问题4选项

A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

问题5选项

A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.

B.Asenseofself-fulfilment.

C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.

D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?1.约翰•肯尼斯•加尔布雷斯在他的《富裕社会》一书中提出了什么问题？

A.Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.A.为什么统计数据不能反映经济的真相。

B.Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.B.为什么富裕并不能保证幸福。

C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.C.如何在今天提升幸福。

D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.D.经济繁荣背后的原因。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段第二、三句“为什么越来越多的财富不能带来越来越多的幸福呢？这个问题至少可以追溯到1958年约翰•肯尼斯•加尔布雷斯所著的《富裕社会》一书。”理解可知，约翰•肯尼斯•加尔布雷斯在他的《富裕社会》一书中提出了为什么越来越多的财富不能带来越来越多的幸福这个问题，B项“为什么富裕并不能保证幸福”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“为什么统计数据不能反映经济的真相”、C项“如何在今天提升幸福”和D项“经济繁荣背后的原因”都不是在《富裕社会》一书中提出的问题，这三项属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause______.2.加尔布雷斯认为，人们感到不满是因为______。

A.publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpectedA.公共支出并没有像预期的那样被削减

B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevilB.政府已经被证明是必定邪恶

C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepressionC.他们担心另一场大萧条

D.materialismhasrunwildinmodernsocietyD.现代社会物质主义泛滥成风

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“在加尔布雷斯看来，物质主义已经变得非常疯狂（materialismhadgonemad），并且会滋生不满情绪”理解可知，人们感到不满是因为物质主义泛滥，该题选择D项“现代社会物质主义泛滥成风”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“公共支出并没有像预期的那样被削减”根据第三段最后一句“与此同时，本可以让每个人生活更好的政府开支却被削减了，因为人们本能地且错误地将政府贴上了‘必定邪恶’的标签”可知，公共支出被削减了，该项属于反向干扰；

B项“政府已经被证明是一个必要的邪恶”，这只是人们为政府贴的标签，与人们不满无关，该项属于曲解原文；

C项“他们担心另一场大萧条”没有提到，该项属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?3.为什么当平均收入大幅增长时，人们会感到压力？

A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.A.他们的物质追求远远超过了他们的收入。

B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.B.他们的购买力随着通货膨胀而明显下降。

C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.C.财富在富人和穷人之间分配不均。

D.HeathcareandeducationalCosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.D.医疗保健和教育费用不知何故已失去控制。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第四段最后一句“人们感到‘被挤压’，因为他们不断增长的收入往往无法满足他们不断增长的需求——更大的房子，更多的医疗保健，更多的教育，更快的互联网连接”理解可知，人们会感到压力是因为不断增长的收入无法满足不断增长的物质需求，A项“他们的物质追求远远超过了他们的收入”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“他们的购买力随着通货膨胀而明显下降”，人们的物质需求不断增长，也就是说购买力会增加，该项属于反向干扰；

C项“财富在富人和穷人之间分配不均”和D项“医疗保健和教育费用不知何故已失去控制”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Para.5)?

4.路易斯•乌奇特利在第5段所说的“被抛弃的美国人”是什么意思？

A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.A.把工作稳定性视为生活标准的一部分。

B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.B.因富裕而充满乌托邦思想的人。

C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.C.在美国政治上几乎没有发言权的人。

D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.D.不再有稳定工作的人。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第五段“人们把工作稳定性视为生活水平的一部分。随着公司裁员的增加，这部分已经被侵蚀。越来越多的工人担心自己成为‘被抛弃的美国人’，正如路易斯•乌奇特利在他的同名书中所说的那样。”从中理解可知，“被抛弃的美国人”指的是因为公司裁员而被迫失业，即失去稳定的工作，D项“不再有稳定工作的人”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“把工作稳定性视为生活标准的一部分”是成为“被抛弃的美国人”的原因，而不是其暗含的意思，该项属于曲解原文；

B项“因富裕而充满乌托邦思想的人”和“被抛弃的美国人”无关，该项属于出处错位；

C项“在美国政治上几乎没有发言权的人”原文没有提到，该项属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?5.富裕给美国社会带来了什么？

A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.A.新的经济安全。

B.Asenseofself-fulfilment.B.自我实现的感觉。

C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.C.新的冲突和抱怨。

D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.D.痛苦和反社会行为。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第六段最后一句“不幸的是，富裕也产生了新的抱怨和矛盾”可知，富裕给美国社会带来了新的抱怨和矛盾，C项“新的冲突和抱怨”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“新的经济安全”和B项“自我实现的感觉”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有；

D项“痛苦和反社会行为”根据第六段二、三句“在某种程度上，富裕是成功的。身体上的痛苦比以前少了很多。”可知，富裕减轻了痛苦，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。

6.翻译题

坦白说有压力是我们所有人正常生活状态里的一部分，重要的是我们不能让压力搅乱我们的生活，或者让压力超出了我们的控制范围，即使空闲时间是奢侈的，也请挤出几分钟或几小时放松自己，这是自我爱护的重要的部分，那么你就有了理由，喝杯咖啡或是撤销今晚计划的理由，最终你拥有了属于你自己的空间。

【答案】Frankly,thereisstressallofusinanormalpartoflife,butthekeyismakingsureitdoesn’trunourlivesorgrowoutofcontrol.Evenwhenfreetimeisaluxury,squeezeoutafewminutesorhourstorelaxisanimportantpartofself-care.Sothereyouhaveit—anexcusetotakeacoffeebreakorcancelyourplanstonight,andfinallymakesometimeforyou.

7.单选题

Iassureyoutherewasno______motiveinmysuggestion.

问题1选项

A.ulterior

B.stationary

C.vulgar

D.toxic

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.ulterior隐秘的，不可告人的B.stationary固定的，静止的；定居的

C.vulgar粗俗的，通俗的；本土的D.toxic有毒的，中毒的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“我向你保证，我的建议没有______的动机”，从assure（保证）可知，“我的建议并不是有不可告人的动机”，A项词义符合句子意思。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】我向你保证，我的建议并非别有用心。

8.单选题

Humansdifferfromotherspecies（）wepossesshistoryaswellasprehistory,hundredsandhundredsofdiverseculturesandsubcultures,andthepossibilityofinformed,consciouschoice.

问题1选项

A.grantedthat

B.suchas

C.inasmuchas

D.inthat

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项grantedthat“即使；假定”；B选项suchas“比如；诸如”；C选项inasmuchas“由于，因为”；D选项inthat“因为；由于；既然”。句意：人类不同于其他物种，我们拥有历史和史前史，数以百计的不同文化和亚文化，以及知情的、有意识的选择的可能性。由句意可推测出空格处应为“因为”，C选项、D选项均有“因为”的意思，但C选项inasmuchas前需要有逗号，因此D选项正确。

9.翻译题

美元的贬值使得许多外国投资者购买美国股票更加划算。这就引发了来自美国以外的投资者的抢购，特別是日本投资者的抢购。另外，如果贸易状况有所好转，美国公司的竞争力最终将会更加强大。因此，许多投资者购买以出口为导向的美国公司的股票，以期在明年获得更大的利润。但这只是当前的一种时髦理念。如果今后几个季度里美国公司的整体收益令人失望的话，那么，这种狂热的购买行为就会消失。

【答案】ThedepreciationofU.S.dollarmakesitmorecost-effectiveformanyforeigninvestorstobuyAmericanstocks,whichhastriggeredpanicbuyingbyinvestorsfromoutsidetheUnitedStates,especiallyJapan.Inaddition,ifthetradesituationimproves,Americancompanieswilleventuallybecomemorecompetitive.Asaresult,manyinvestorsarebuyingsharesofexport-orientedU.S.companiesinthehopeofmakinggreaterprofitsnextyear.Butthisisjustafashionableideaatthemoment.IftheoverallearningsofU.S.companiesinthenextfewquartersaredisappointing,thisfreneticbuyingbehaviorwilldisappear.

10.单选题

Onlineservicesthatprovide（）loverssawariseinpopularitybeforetheValentine’sDay,whichiscelebratedeveryyearonFeb14.

问题1选项

A.humble

B.noble

C.radical

D.virtual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项humble表示“谦逊的，简陋的”，B选项noble表示“高贵的，宏伟的”，C选项radical表示“激进的，根本的，彻底的”，D选项virtual表示“事实上的，（计算机仿真）虚拟的”。由句意可知，情人节前，网上提供（）情侣的服务日渐增多。由此可知，只有D选项最符合原文句意，virtuallover表示“虚拟情侣”。故本题正确答案为D选项。

11.单选题

Nobodybelieveshemadesuchafoolishmistake.Peoplesayheisvery______.

问题1选项

A.experience

B.career

C.accurate

D.actual

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项experience“经验；阅历”；B选项career“职业生涯”；C选项accurate“正确无误的；精确的”；D选项actual“实际的；（强调事情最重要的部分）真正的”。句意：没有人相信他犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误。因为人们认为他非常______。根据语境，这里指的是在别人眼中，他做事不会行差踏错，C选项accurate“正确无误的；精确的”符合题意，指的是他非常可靠。因此C选项正确。

12.单选题

Aseriesofborderincidentswould（）leadthetwocountriestowar.

问题1选项

A.inevitably

B.consistently

C.uniformly

D.persistently

【答案】A

【解析】inevitably不可避免地,必然地；consistently一贯地,始终如一地；uniformly一致地；persistently固执地。句意：一系列的边境事件将不可避免地导致两国之间的战争。选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

ThearomaofchocolateperfumestheairoftheRued’AssasinParis.EnteringChristianConstant'sstate-of-the-artboutique,youfindyourselfinthekingdomofParis'skingofchocolate,wherethehumblecocoabeanisturnedintomouth-wateringchocolateEastereggs.

Constant,whoisachef,admitsthatchocolateishispassionandmaininterestinlife.HefirstdevelopedafascinationwithchocolatewhenhewasworkingforGastonLenotre,afamousFrenchpastrychef.

EveryyearhehasathemefordecoratingEastereggs:thisyearhisdecorationsareinspiredby“ArtNouveau”.Tonighthehasadinnerfor130toorganizeandhehastoprepareathree-foot-highArtNouveau-styleEastereggbynoontomorrow.This,forConstant,isanormalschedule.

Constantbelievesthathischocolatecreationsareasmuchofaworkofartasothersculptures.Itis,therefore,understandablethattherestaurant,whichheopenedlastmonth,issituatedintheNationalMonumentsMuseuminParis.Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.Customerscanchoosefromaselectionofsweetchocolatedessertsortrythemoreexoticspicychocolates.Constantisalsoaprofessional“nose”,workingcloselywiththeFrenchInstituteofTaste.Heiscapableofidentifying450differenttastesandflavors.Constantexplainsthatthemouth,whichcanonlytastefourthings—salt,sweet,acidandbitter—is“stupid”incomparisontothenose.Hebelievesthatthenoseiseverything.

InhisbookTheTasteofChocolate,heexplainshowin1502ChristopherColumbuscameacrossanislandandwentashore.HewasgreetedbyanIndianchiefbearinggiftsamongwhichwerehugesacksofbeanswhichColumbusthoughtwaslocalcurrency.Tohissurprise,theypreparedadrinkforhim.ButColumbus,whodislikedtheoddbittertaste,continuedonhistravelsignorantofthefactthathehadjusttastedcocoa.LikeColumbus,Constanttravelsthecocoacountrieswherehechecksqualityandworkswithlocalexperts.Qualitycanvarydependingontheregion,year,andmethodofpreparation.AccordingtoConstant,VenezuelaandTrinidadhavethebestcocoabeans,whichtheyexportallovertheworldeitherasbeansorascocoa.

Constant,whoisahardworker,onlysleepsthreehoursanight.Hetalkslongintothenightwithmembersofaclubhehasformed.Theclubiscalled“TheChocolateMunchers”.Theirmainofficialactivityistogettogetherformonthlydinnerswheretheyeataverytinydinnerandtonsofchocolatedesserts.

“Iamanaddict,”Constantadmits,“andIdon'twanttobecured!”

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostinclusivetitleforthepassage?

2.WhatdoesConstantdonow?

3.Constant’snewly-openedbusiness（）.

4.Theunderlinedpart“Constantisalsoa...„nose‟”means（）.

5.AccordingtoConstant,（）.

问题1选项

A.Chocolate—ThePassionofaLifetime.

B.TheChocolateMunchersClub.

C.Chocolate—ANewArtForm.

D.TheLastWordinGoodTaste.

问题2选项

A.HeworksforaFrenchpastrychef.

B.Heownshisownrestaurantandtearoom.

C.HeisasculptorforamuseuminParis.

D.HeisachefintheInstituteofTaste.

问题3选项

A.provideschocolateswithvariousflavors

B.exhibitsallofhischocolatesculptures

C.oftenneedstoprepareabigEasterdinner

D.servesasanationalmonumentinParis

问题4选项

A.hebelieveshehasthebestnoseintheworld

B.hisnosecantastesalt,sweet,acidandbitter

C.hisnosecanidentifyvarioustastesandflavors

D.heiscapableofsmellingflavorsfromalongdistance

问题5选项

A.ancientIndiansusedcocoabeansaslocalcurrency

B.Columbuscheckedthequalityofcocoabeansindifferentplaces

C.chocolateaddictionmakespeoplesleepless

D.thequalityofcocoabeansvariesfromregiontoregion

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨题。根据全文，文章主要在描述厨师康斯坦丁和巧克力的故事，讲述了他对热衷于做巧克力，并且写了一本有关于巧克力的书，整篇文章都表现了他对巧克力独特的热爱，选项A符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“Itis,therefore,understandablethattherestaurant,whichheopenedlastmonth,issituatedintheNationalMonumentsMuseuminParis.Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.”，可知康斯坦丁上个月开了餐厅，白天的时候这家餐厅就成为茶室，提供各式的巧克力。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.Customerscanchoosefromaselectionofsweetchocolatedessertsortrythemoreexoticspicychocolates.”可知，他新开的餐厅的特点，白天是一个茶室，提供各种巧克力，并且可以选择各种口味的巧克力。选项A符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“Constantisalsoaprofessional…whichcanonlytastefourthings~salt,sweet,acidandbitter—is“stupid”incomparisontothenose.Hebelievesthatthenoseiseverything.”，可知康斯坦特可以用鼻子分辨出各种不同的气味，他认为嘴只能尝出四种味道。所以这句话是指他的鼻子能分辨不同的味道。选项C符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“HewasgreetedbyanIndianchiefbearinggiftsamongwhichwerehugesacksofbeanswhichColumbusthoughtwaslocalcurrency.Tohissurprise,theypreparedadrinkforhim.”，可知Columbus以为可可豆是当地的货币，后来才知道，原来是一种饮料，所以排除A选项。根据文章第五段，“Qualitycanvarydependingontheregion,year,andmethodofpreparation.”，可可的质量因地区、年份和制作方法各异。选项D符合题意。

14.单选题

Inordertoexplainthesocioeconomicachievement,inthefaceofdisadvantagesduetoracialdiscriminationofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantstotheUnitedStatesandtheirdescendants,sociologistshavetypicallyappliedeitherculturallybasedorstructurallybasedtheories—butneverbothtogether.Touseaneconomicmetaphor,culturallybasedexplanationsasserttheimportanceofthesupplysideofthelabormarket,emphasizingthequalitiesimmigrantgroupsbringwiththemforcompetitionintheUnitedStateslabormarket.Suchexplanationsreflectahuman-capitalperspectiveinwhichstatusattainmentisseenasaresultofindividuals’abilitytogenerateresources.Structurallybasedexplanations,ontheotherhand,examinethemarketconditionoftheimmigrants’hostsociety,particularlyitsdiscriminatorypracticesandtheirimpactonthestatusattainmentprocessofimmigrantgroups.Intheeconomicmetaphor,structuralexplanationsasserttheimportanceofthedemandsideofthelabormarket.

InordertounderstandthesocioeconomicmobilityofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantsandtheirdescendants,onlyananalysisofsupply-sideanddemand-sidefactorstogether,inthecontextofhistoricalevents,willsuffice.Ontheculturalorsupplyside,differencesinimmigrationpatternandfamilyformationresultedindifferentratesofsocioeconomicachievementforChineseandJapaneseimmigrants.Forvariousreasons,Chineseimmigrantsremainedsojournersanddidnot(exceptforurbanmerchants)establishfamilies.Theywerealsohamperedbyethnicconflictinthelabormarket.Japaneseimmigrants,ontheotherhand,werelessconstrained,madethetransitionfromsojournertosettlerwithinthefirsttwodecadesofimmigration,andleftlow-wagelabortoestablishsmallbusinessesbasedonahouseholdmodeofproduction.Chinesesojournerswithoutfamiliesweremorevulnerabletodemoralization,whereasJapaneseimmigrantsfacedsocietalhostilitywiththeemotionalresourcesprovidedbyastablefamilylife.OnceChineseimmigrantsbegantoestablishnuclearfamiliesandproduceasecondgeneration,institutinghouseholdproductionsimilartothatestablishedbyJapaneseimmigrants,theirsocioeconomicattainmentsoonparalleledthatofJapaneseimmigrantsandtheirdescendants.

Onthestructuralordemandside,changesininstitutionalconstraints,immigrationlaws,labormarkets,andsocietalhostilitywererootedinthedynamicsofcapitalisteconomicdevelopment.Earlycapitalistdevelopmentgeneratedademandforlow-wagelaborthatcouldnotbefulfilled.EarlyChineseandJapaneseimmigrationwasaresponsetothisdemand.Inanadvancedcapitalisteconomy,thedemandforimmigrantlaborismoredifferentiated:skilledprofessionalandtechnicallaborfillsemptypositionsintheprimarylabormarketand,withthetraditionalunskilledlow-wagelabor,createstwoimmigrantsteams.ThehighlevelsofeducationattainedbythedescendantsofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantsandtheirconcentrationinstrategicstatessuchasCaliforniapavedthewayforthemovementofthesecondgenerationintotheexpandingprimarylabormarketintheadvancedcapitalisteconomythatexistedaftertheSecondWorldWar.

56.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

57.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

58.Whichoneofthefollowingcanbestbedescribedasasupply-sideelementinthelabormarket,assuchelementsareexplainedinthepassage?

59.ItcanbeinferredthatwhichoneofthefollowingwasanelementoftheexperienceofbothChineseandJapaneseimmigrantsintheUnitedStates?

60.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthor’sanalysisofthesocioeconomicachievementofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantsandtheirdescendantsdiffersfromthatofmostsociologistsprimarilyinthatmostsociologists______.

问题1选项

A.OnlyananalysisthatcombinesanexaminationofthecultureofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantgroupsandthesocioeconomicstructureofthehostcountrycanadequatelyexplainthesocioeconomicachievementofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantsandtheirdescendants.

B.ThesocioeconomicachievementofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantsandtheirdescendantshastakenplaceinthecontextofaculturallybasedemphasisontheeconomicwelfareofthenuclearfamily.

C.ThesocioeconomicachievementofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantsandtheirdescendantsisbestexplainedbyanexaminationoftheirculturalbackgrounds,inparticulartheirlevelofeducationalattainment.

D.OnlythemarketstructureofthecapitalisteconomyoftheUnitedStatesinwhichsupplyhashistoricallybeenregulatedbydemandcanaccountforthesocioeconomicachievementofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantsandtheirdescendants.

问题2选项

A.resolvingthedifferencesbetweenschoolsofthought

B.challengingatentativeanswertoaquestion

C.advancingasynthesisofapproachestoanissue

D.outliningtheachievementsofagroup

问题3选项

A.Developmentofanadvancedcapitalisteconomy.

B.Highvalueplacedbyimmigrantsonwork.

C.Concentrationofsmallbusinessesinagivengeographicalarea.

D.Needforworkerswithvaryingdegreesofskill.

问题4选项

A.Slowaccumulationofcapital.

B.Rapidestablishmentofnuclearfamilies.

C.Rapidacquisitionoftechnicalskills.

D.Initialstatusassojourners.

问题5选项

A.emphasizethedisadvantageouseffectsofracialdiscrimination

B.focusonasingletypeoftheoreticalexplanation

C.addresstheeffectsoftheinteractionofcausalfactors

D.excludethefactorofadevelopingcapitalisteconomy

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】56.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“下列哪个选项最好地表达了这篇文章的主要思想？”。文章主要讲的是中日移民及其后代的社会经济成就。文章第二段首句提到InordertounderstandthesocioeconomicmobilityofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantsandtheirdescendants,onlyananalysisofsupply-sideanddemand-sidefactorstogether,inthecontextofhistoricalevents,willsuffice.（要了解中日移民及其后代的社会经济流动性，在历史事件的背景下，只有将供给侧和需求侧因素结合起来分析才足够。），由此可知，为了了解中国和日本移民者以及他们后裔的社会经济流动性，只要做出一个在历史事件的背景下的供应方和需求方的因素分析就足够了；故A项“只有结合考察中国和日本移民群体的文化和东道国的社会经济结构的分析，才能充分解释中国和日本移民及其后代的社会经济成就”正确。B项“中国和日本移民及其后代的社会经济成就，是在强调核心家庭经济福利的文化背景下取得的”，第二段最后一句提到OnceChineseimmigrantsbegantoestablishnuclearfamiliesandproduceasecondgeneration,institutinghouseholdproductionsimilartothatestablishedbyJapaneseimmigrants,theirsocioeconomicattainmentsoonparalleledthatofJapaneseimmigrantsandtheirdescendants.（一旦中国移民开始建立核心家庭并产生了第二代，建立了与日本移民相似的家庭生产，他们的社会经济成就很快与日本移民及其后代并立。），由此可知在文化背景下，中日移民的社会经济成就是由于建立了家庭生产，但这只是供给侧方面的因素，另外还有需求侧方面的因素，所以B项不正确。C项“对中国和日本移民及其后代的社会经济成就，最好的解释是考察他们的文化背景，特别是他们的教育程度”，文化背景只是供给侧的一部分因素，只在文章第二段出现，因此C选项太片面。D项“只有美国资本主义经济的市场结构，在历史上供给是由需求调节的，才能解释中国和日本移民及其后代的社会经济成就”，这里进行的是需求侧方面的分析，只在文章第三段出现，D项也很片面。因此该题选A。

57.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者主要关心的是什么？”。文章开篇指出Inordertoexplainthesocioeconomicachievement,inthefaceofdisadvantagesduetoracialdiscriminationofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantstotheUnitedStatesandth