高三复习名词性从句注意事项

1、The statement of Nominal Clauses,Liuba Middle School MengWei,whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,1.当whether后紧跟or/or not时,不用if. I dont know whether I will stay or not.,2.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.,Something should be paid attention to,I dont know whether or not shell like it.,Everything depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.,

2、I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.,3. 复合不定式只能用whether. 告诉我 是去是留 4.习惯上作discuss的宾从只用whether. 但: 宾语从句否定时常用if引导. 他问你是否去见他,We discussed whether we should hold a meeting,Tell us whether to go or stay here.,He asked if you would not go and see him.,我们讨论了是否要召开一个会议,以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：,1. It+be+形容

3、词+that从句,certain clear important necessary probable possible,It is/was,that clause,（1）她会考好是肯定的了 It is certain that she will do well in her exam. （2）他告诉我一切是可能的 It is probable that he told me everything.,2、It + be + 名词词组 + that从句,pity shame duty,(1) It is a pity that we cant go. (2) It is no surprise

4、that our team should have won the game.,It is / was a,that clause,3、It + be + 过去分词 + that从句,said reported thought hope d believed known,that clause,It is,4、It + seem, happen, appear等不及物 动词 + that从句。 (1) 看起来爱丽丝根本不能去舞会 It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. It happened that I was out t

5、hat day.,(2) 碰巧我那天外出,表语从句,在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if, because 引导。其基本结构为： 主语 + 系动词 + that从句,.,This is because he missed the train 这是因为他没赶上火车,当主语为it, that, this时, because 可以引导 句子, 出现在表语的位置上. 否则, because 应引导原因状语从句. It is because we are closer to the sun in summer. 这是

6、因为我们夏天离太阳近 This is because he broke the law. 这是因为他违法了,引导表从,他来晚的原因是他差一分钟没赶上火车 The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning. 需要注意的是，当主语是reason 时， 表语从句要用that引导而不是because。,限制性定语从句,The reason of his absence is that he stayed up too late the night before and could not

7、 get up that morning. 他缺席的原因是前天睡的太晚早晨没起来,The reason why he was late was that he got up late. 他来晚的原因是他起床晚了,表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同. 但: 1. that引导表语从句时不能省. 2. if不能引导表语从句. 3. seem, appear后可接that引导的从句, 而look则不可. 这三个词后都可用as if / as though 引导从句. It seems / appears that he was late for the train yesterday. It

8、seems / appears / looks as if we have to go home on foot.,引导名词性从句的引导词归纳起来可分为以下三类,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。,I had no idea that you were here.,Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？,(that引导同位语从句

9、,不能省略）,(that引导定语从句，作宾语时，可以省略）,试比较： He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first. （同位语从句） The suggestion that he had put forward was turned down. （定语从句）,注意：同位语从句和定语从句的区别是：前者说明名词的内容，后者说明名词的性质特征；前者所用连词that不是从句的一个成分，后者所用关系代词that是从句中的一个成分。,下面就运用名词性从句时要注意的几个方面作以归纳：,1.语序

10、 在名词性从句中，从句一律使用陈述语序。特别要注意由连接代词和连接副词引导的从句 (what, who, which, when, where, now, why等), 不可用特殊疑问句的疑问句语序。如：,(1) I wonder who she is. (2) The question is when well complete the works. (3) Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.,2. 时态： 学习名词性从句时，除了要注意从句的引导词，语序等外，还要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致关系。,(2)、在主

11、语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中，也要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致性。关键要注意动作发生的先后关系。如：,(1) Who will be sent abroad has not been decided. （主句是现在完成时，从句是一般将来时） (2) The earth of today is not what it was millions of years ago.（主句是一般现在时，从句是一般过去时),3、几组易混引导词的区别,(1) What 与 that 在句词性从句中，what和that都可作关连词，其区别在于：what在从句中要充当某个成分（主语、宾语或表语等）,因此

12、在任何情况下都不能省略，表示“什么”，所的事（物、话），相当于the thing that或which。that本身没有词汇意义，在名词从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中，宾语从句中的that经常省略。如：,(1) 你所做的可能伤害别人 What you have done might do harm to others. (2) 所引起这个事故的是一个迷 What caused the accident is a complete mystery . (3)我认为你会喜欢这枚邮票 I think (that) you will like the stamp.,doubt用于肯定结构时

13、，后面用whether/ if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。,I dont doubt (that) you will succeed. I dont know whether/if he will come tonight. I doubt if /whether you will keep your promise.,because与why because与why均可引导表语从句，但含义不同。because引导的表

14、语从句说明理由。而why引导的表语从句是在前面已说明了理由的情况下加以小结。如：,(1) I think its because youre doing too much. (2) He was ill . That is why he was late for school. (3) The reason why he was late was that he was ill.,1. The photographs will show you _（MET1989） A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like

15、C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like,2.考查引导词that与what的区别,高考题例示：,1. _we cant get seems better than _we have. (NMET1996) A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what,2. No one can be sure _ in a million years. (MET1991) what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like,33.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法,高考题例示：,1. _ is a fact that English is