内容简介：: 第一章名词（Noun）名词的概念在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。一、名词的数名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以上”时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词”的形式，如 a piece of bread (一片面包)，变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数，如：two pieces of bread(两片面包)。*名词复数的构成法则1. 一般情况下在词尾加s. 词尾读音shop shops (商店) 在清辅音后读 s bag bags (书包) 在浊辅音后读 z window windows (窗户) 在元音后读 z 2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es。class classes (班级) 词尾读音 iz box boxes (盒子) match matches (比赛)brush brushes (刷子)3. 以“辅音字母 +y” 结尾的词，变y为 i 加es. story stories (故事) 词尾读音 iz 4. 以“元音字母 +y” 结尾的词，在词尾直接加 s key keys monkey monkeys 词尾读音 z 5.以 “o” 结尾的名词，复数一般在词尾加“s”, 但个别加 “es” tomato tomatoes (西红柿) potato potatoes (土豆) zoo zoos (动物园) photo photos (照片) 词尾读音 z *（以 “o”结尾，复数加 “es”）口诀：黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato)，右手拿着破土豆(potato)，头顶一个大芒果（mango）。6. 以 f或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f或 fe 为 ves. leaf leaves (树叶) knife knives ( 小刀) 词尾读音 vz *（以f或fe结尾的单词，需把f或fe 变ves的单词）口诀： 2妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己命，半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光。*（以f或fe结尾的单词，直接加 “s”的单词）口诀：长颈鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下，左手拿着手绢(handkerchief)，右手拿着高尔夫球(golf)。例： roof roofs ( 屋顶)7. 不规则名词复数的变化man men (男人) tooth teeth (牙齿) child children (儿童) mouse mice(老鼠)foot feet (脚) woman women (女人)8. 名词单复数形式一样sheepsheep (绵羊) deer- deer（鹿）English English（英国人）Chinese Chinese （中国人）*（不规则名词变复数）口诀：男人，女人a变e；鹅，足，牙齿oo变ee；其实老鼠也好记ous变ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。二、名词所有格的构成法 1. 主要是在词尾加 s 构成。如: This is Toms desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。 That is Mikes book. 那是迈克的书。 2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个 . 如:the teachers reading room 教师阅览室the pupils pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒3. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾，变为所有格形式需在后面加上 s 。如： the childrens palace 少年宫 mens room 男厕所*名词所有格口诀：名词所有格，s前面加一撇，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。3名词练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式1.computer _ 2.apple _ 3.city _4.house _ 5.sheep _ 6.watch _7.tomato _8.child _ 9.tooth _10.foot _ 11.wife _12.potato _13.play _ 14.day _ 15.glass _16.radio _ 17.zoo _ 18. life _19. story _ 20.leaf _ 21. baby _22.dress _ 23.butterfly _24. deer_25.class _ 26.brush _ 27.key _28. English _29.mouse _30. man _二、汉译英1Tom的足球 _ 2. 老师们的自行车_3学生们的课桌 _ 4.哥哥的文具盒_5姑姑的卡片 _ 6.猴子们的香蕉_7蚂蚁们的早餐 _ 8.妈妈的包_9姐姐的连衣裙_ 10女孩们的苹果_三、把下列句子翻译成英文1这些是Peter 的篮球吗？ _2这个是老师的钢笔吗？ _3有一些书在Sam的课桌上。_4有一些孩子们在教室里。_四、改错（圈出错处，在横线上改正过来）1.There are some butterflys on the table. _2.This is Alice dress. _3.I like tomato very much. _五、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This dog is brown._2. There is a book and a pen on the table._3.That woman is a teacher._4第二章代词一、人称代词1人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化见下表：数人称主格宾格单数第一人称Ime第二人称youyou第三人称hesheithimherit复数第一人称Weus第二人称youyou第三人称theythem主格与宾格：人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽车上。人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。This pen is bad.I cant write with it.这支钢笔不好，我没法用它写字。2.人称代词的排列顺序人称代词并列使用时，通常以下列顺序出现，请熟悉并记忆。1）单数代词：you and I; you and he ; he and I ; you ,he and I.2）复数代词：we and they ; we and you ; you and they; we, you and they3）第三人称单数代词：he and she*人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见；单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三；麻烦事情“我”站前，其他人称没意见；两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯。二、物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourhis,her,itstheir名词性mineouryoursyourshis,hers,itstheirs名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词例，Whose coat is this? 这是谁的上衣?Its hers. 是她的。 hers= her coat*关于物主代词的口诀：物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有“的”，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误，my your his her its our their 不放过。形容词性是基础，除了我的“mine”外，其他词尾“s”性形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又独往。三、反身代词反身代词也叫“自身代词”，表示“*自己”。数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself, herself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesI can do it by myself. 我自己能做这件事。*反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves替-f四、指示代词This (这个) these (这些) 指近处的事物That (那个) those (那些) 指远处的事物例，This is a book. 这是本书。 These are some books. 这些是书。That is a car. 那是辆小汽车。 Those are some cars. 那些是小汽车。代词练习题一、根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Mary is a friend of _. ( I )2. This is _ ( she ) ruler. _ ( I ) is in the bag. 3. Her brother is too young to look after _ ( he )4. This is _ ( I ) book. This book is _ ( I ).5. These pens are _ ( we ).二、填写下列表格。人称代词我我们你，你们他她它他们主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词三、改写下列句子Eg, This is my book. The book is mine.1. That is her ruler. _2. These are their footballs. _3. This is my backpack . _4. Those are your boxes. _四、把下列句子改写成复数。1. This is a butterfly. _2. That is a bus. _3. It is a mouse. _五、改错。1.This is mine lamp. _2.These are ours books._3. That are their teacher. _4.The house is my brother. _5. He has visited many country. _6. They are Chineses. _7. This is Tom red bike. _第三章数词和冠词一、数词表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。1 最基本的基数词如下表所示：1101119201001 one11 eleven2 two12 twelve20 twenty3 three13 thirteen30 thirty4 four14 fourteen40 forty5 five15 fifteen50 fifty6 six16 sixteen60 sixty7 seven17 seventeen70 seventy8 eight18 eighteen80 eighty9 nine19 nineteen90 ninety10 ten100 one hundred*基数词的写法：2199的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“-”。例：21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety nine百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and。例：101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six hundred and forty-eight2序数词的构成1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例， four+ th fourth six + th sixth seven + th seventh ten + th tenth2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例， one first two second three third five fifth eight eighth nine ninth twelve twelfth3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成i，然后在加eth.例， twenty twentieth thirty thirtieth forty fortieth ninety ninetieth4）两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例，twenty one twenty- first thirty-five thirty-fiftha hundred and fifty-three a hundred and fifty- third *基数词变序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律；词尾加上th（fourth, sixth）一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母st, nd, rd；（first，second，third）八去t,九去e,（eighth，ninth）；ve要用f替；（fifth，twelfth）整十基数变序数，ty将y变成i ; th 前面有个e；要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。二、冠词冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。 a或an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。a用在辅音音素之前，如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音因素之前，如 an apple, an hour, an English book.1. 不定冠词（a,an）指人或事物的某一种类，表示“一个”，但不强调数量。She is a teacher. Thats an orange. 2. 定冠词 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。This is a bus. The bus is big.3. 不用冠词的情况：1）专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如， Chinese, English, Jim等。2）名词前已经有this, that, my, your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如，that mouse (那只老鼠) 3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如， at home 在家 go to school 去上学*定冠词the的用法记忆口诀：特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关；船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠the加在前。*零冠词用法口诀：月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。冠词和数词专项练习一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/”。1) at _home 2) go to_ bed 3) go to _school 4) catch _ bad cold 5) have _ good time 6) _red apple 7)_ English book 8) _ spoon 9)_ orange 10) _melon 11) _ eraser二、选择填空1.There is _ “m” in the word “primary”A. an B.a C.the D./2.This is _ orange bike .A.a B.an C.the D/3.It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper .A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4.English is _ useful language in _ world .A.an , the B.a , the C.the , / D./ , the 5.We are going to _ cinema this evening .A.the B./ C/a D.an 6.Hes standing on _ other side of _ river .A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7._ potato is a vegetable , not _ fruit .A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, / 8.He was _ first to come .A.The B.a C.the D./9.Do you see _ book on _ table ?A.the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the 10.Wheres _ desk ? Its in _ middle of the room .A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the 11.He is _ friend of mine .A.an B./ C.the D.a 12.There is _ university near the farm .A.a B.an C.the D./13.He died in _ autumn of 1989 .A./ B.the C.a D.an 14.I have _ book . I t s _ interesting one . I like reading _ books very much .A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / 15.Today is _ Childrens Day .A.a B.an C.the D/ 16.This is _ bag . That is _ eraser .A.a, a B.a , an C.an , a D. an , an 四、用代词填空:1._ , _ and _ are all good friends .A.We , you , they B.You , they , we C.We , they , you D.They , you , we 2._ classroom is big , but _ is much bigger than _ .A.We , they , us B.Our , their , our C.Our , theirs , ours D.Our , theirs , we 3.She lost _ pen . Will you lend her _ ?A.her , yours B.his , your C.hers , you D.their , yourself 4. “What are you doing ?” “I am looking at _ in the mirror ?”A.me B.myself C.itself D.himself 5._ , _ and _ all enjoy music .A.She , you , I B.I , she , you C.You , she , I D.I , you , she 第四章形容词和副词形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。2形容词加er的规则：一般在词尾加er ；以字母e 结尾，加r ；以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ；以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。3不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful二、副词的比较级1形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better, far-farther)练习题一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_nice_ good_ beautiful_low_ high_ slow_ fast_late_ early_ far_ well_二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1. My brother is two years _(old)than me.2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is.4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Marys hair is as _(long) as Lucys.7.Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8._ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 9.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom? 13._the girls get up_(early) than the boys?No,they_.14. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow).15.The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.三、翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。_ is _than Jim？ _ are2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan._ _ than David? Gao Shan _.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？_ pencil is _,_or_？4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。_ apples _ _,your _ or your _?My _ _.5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。_ _as _as your uncle?Yes,I am.6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。He _ as _ as _ _ Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。_ _ as _ as_ twin _? No, _ _ than him.8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。 Yang Ling _ to _ _ than Su Yang every day. 9.我跳得和Mike一样远。 I _ as _ as Mike. 10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。 _ Tom _ _ than you?No,he _. He_ as_ as_.11.多做运动，你会更强壮。 _ more exercise,youll _ _ soon. 12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。 I _ _ at Science.But I dont _ well in Chinese. 13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。_you_the kite_than Wang bing?No,I_it _than_.14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I like_.All my_ _ _than me.15.我的姐姐起得比我早。My_ _ up _than me.16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。_the girls_ _ _the boys? Yes,they _.17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。She doesnt _ _ in PE. But I dont _ _than_.18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。_ you _football _than your classmates?No,they_as_as me.19我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_ _ _than my _.20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。_sweater_ as_as_.21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。My dress_ too_. I want to _a_one.22. Im taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较) Im _ as _ as Mike .第五章一般现在时态一、一般现在时的定义一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作，存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。二、一般现在时的结构一般现在时用行为动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词的词尾要加-s 或- es。现在以连系动词be 和行为动词read为例，对一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及其简略答语的构成以表格形式加以说明：动词肯定句否定句beI am I am not You/We/They are You/We/They are not He/She/It is .He/She/It is not readI/We/You/They readI/We/You/They/ do not read He/She/It reads He/She/It does not read 动词疑问句简略答语（肯定）简略答语（否定）beAm I ?Yes , you are.No, you are not.Are you ?Yes, I am/we are.No, I am/we are not.Are we ?Yes, we/you are.No, we/ you are not.Are they ?Yes, they are.No, they are not.Is he?Yes, he is.No, he is not.Is she ?Yes, she is.No, she is not.Is it ?Yes, it is.No, it is not.readDo I / we / they read ?Yes, you / we / they do.No, you / we / they do not.Does he / she / it read ?Yes, he / she / it does.No, he / she / it does not. 连系动词be 的各种形式常与代词或not缩写成一个词。助动词do，does 一般只有与not 缩写。联系动词be缩写形式如下肯定缩写否定缩写I amImI am notIm notYou areYoureYou are notYoure not /You arentHe isHesHe is notHes not /He isntShe isShesShe is notShes not /She isntIt isItsIt is notIts not / It isntWe areWereWe are notWere not / We arentThey areTheyreThey are notTheyre not / They arent动词do not 的缩写形式为dont，does not 的缩写形式为doesnt。二、动词加-s 或-es （动词第三人称单数）当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s 或-es1 一般在词尾加 s例：workworks leave leaves swim swims2 以字母s，x，ch，sh 或o结尾的词加-es例：pass passes fix fixes teach teaches do does 3 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i再加-es例：study studies carry carries fly flies cry cries三、一般现在时的用法1 表示经常或习惯性的动作。常与often（经常）, always（总是）, sometimes（有时）, every day（每天）, on Sundays/Mondays 等表示频度的时间状语连用。一般现在时的时间状语有：today, often, sometimes, always, usually, every day ( week, month, year,) , this year, once a week ( month, year,) 一周（月，年）一次例句：I get up at 6 oclock every day. He often goes to school by bike.2 表示客观事实，普遍真理。例句：Two and two are four.二加二等于四。The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时态专项练习一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式posteatstopjumpgolikevisitpassrisereadkidehavegivewriteswimstudywatchflyteachdo二、单项选择( )1._ you have a book ?A Do B. Are C. Is D. Have( )2.Does Li Lei like to watch TV? _. A. Yes, he like. B. No, he doesnt. C. Yes, hed like. D. No, he likes. ( )3.She doesnt _ her homework in the afternoon. A. doing B. to do C. does D. do ( )4.How _ Mr. Smith _ to England? A. do, go B. is , go C. does, go D. does , goes ( )5. _ she _ home at six every day? A. Is , leave B. Does , leave C. Is , leaves D. Does , left三、用下列动词的适当形式填空1.I _ ( get ) up at 6 oclock every day.2.My father _ (have) a lovely dog.3.He _ (go ) to school on foot.4.She _ (do ) not like watching TV.5.They _ (play) football every Sunday afternoon.四、按要求完成下列各题1.Tomorrow is Saturday.(变成一般疑问句) _ _ Saturday ?2.Does he play basketball every weekend? (肯定回答) Yes, _ _.3.She looks like her sister.(变一般疑问句)_ she _ like her sister ?4.Peter and Sam look the same.(一般疑问句) _ they _ the same ?5.Do they always go to the movie (电影院) on Sundays ? (否定回答) No, _ _.五、英汉互译1. Tom经常放学后（after school）踢足球。_2. 我喜欢唱歌。_3. He often goes to school on foot._4. Children like to play this game._5. 今天是星期日。_第六章现在进行时态一、现在进行时的定义现在进行时是表示在现在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作的时态。二、现在进行时的构成现在进行时由“系动词（am，is ， are） + 现在分词（动词加-ing形式）”构成。现在以动词work为例，对现在进行时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略答语列表说明：肯定句否定句I am working.I am not working.You are working.You are not working.He/She/It is working.He/She/It is not working.We/You/They are working.We/You/They are not working.疑问句简略答语Am I working?Yes, you are.No, you are not.Are we working?Yes, we/ you are.No, we/ you arent.Are you working?Yes, I am.No, I am not.Yes, we are.No, we are not.Is he/she it working ?Yes, he/she/it is.No, he/she/it is not.Are they working?Yes, they are.No, they are not.三、现在分词的构成1. 一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。stay staying do doing listen listening2. 以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。make making ride riding give giving3. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。put putting sit sitting run running四、现在进行时的用法1. 表示现在或说话时正在进行的动作，常和下列时间状语连用：now, at this moment, at present, these days (years), this term 有时也与look , listen 等连用。例句：Look, what are the monkeys eating? 看，那些猴子在吃什么？2. 表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作或难以终止的动作。例句：They are running and jumping all the time.他们一直在跑啊跳啊。现在进行时态专项练习一、写出下列动词的现在分词形式stay _do _listen _suffer _refuse _close _operate _die _work _spend _look _ make _put _sit _run _tie _take_give _ride _please _win _begin _open _lie _二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Mary and Lucy are _ (dance) now.2. Listen! Someone is _ (play) the piano in the next room.3. He is _ (sweep) the floor at the moment.4. Look ! The cat _ _ (eat) the fish on the table.5. A: _ you _ (study) French ?B: Yes , I am.6. She often _ (dance) after school.7. My father and mother _ _ (swim) in the pond.8. My sister is _ (fly) a kite in the garden.9. We are _ (watch) TV now.10. Be quiet ! The baby _ _ (sleep) now.三.改错11. We are cleanning our classroom. _12. She is sing in the next room. _13. What am you doing? _14. Mary is comeing back from Beijing._15. He often flying kites on Sundays. _16. They is reading books now. _17. My brother is plays the guitar now. _18. Sally is danceing in the room. _19. I watching TV at home now. _20. Do you listening the radio now? _四.英汉互译21. 他正在教室里做作业。_22. We are reading English now._23. Peter 和Billy 正在操场上（in the playground）打篮球。_24. Look ! A bird is flying in the sky._25. 公共汽车来了。_26. 刘先生经常在周日的时候（on Sundays）看英语书。_27. He isnt playing games. He is studying. _28. 孩子们在摘（pick）苹果。_29. That son of yours is always making troubles (捣乱)._10.你们正在做什么?_第七章.一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：last year, yesterday等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。例如：I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。II. 一般过去时的构成我们主要来学习谓语动词为实义动词的一般过去时的构成。动词过去式的构成：(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have (has)-had,do(does)-did,write-wrote,see-saw,等。III. 一般过去时的几种句型肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其它。如：He went to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天去玩具店了。否定句结构为：主语+did not (didnt)+动词原形+其它。如：He didnt go to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天没去玩具店。一般过去时的一般疑问句的构成：Did+主语动词原形其它。如：1) -Did you go to Beijing last week? -Yes, we did. (No, we didnt.)2) -Did you meet the businessman before? -No, I didnt. (Yes, I did.)一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词did+主语动词原形其它。如：1) -What did you do last night? -I did my homework.2) -Where did you go last week? -I went to Shanghai with my parents. 含有be动词的句子，将be动词变为过去式。am, is的过去式为was, are的过去式为were：I was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?变否定句在be动词后面加notI was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was. / No, I was not.Yes, you were. / No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. / No, he/she was not.特殊疑问句What did you do?（必背）不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式：I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?变否定句在主语和动词之间加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.Yes, he did. / No, he didnt.Yes, they did. / No, they did not.附：一般过去时口诀一般过去时并不难，表示过去动作、状态记心间。动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。否定句很简单，didnt 站在动词原形前，其它部分不要变。一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记。练习题1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _. 3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning. 6. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year. 7. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night. 8. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _. 9. How _(be) Jims weekend? It _(be not) bad. 10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she _.II. 翻译下列句子 1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。 _ _ _ _ exciting weekend. 2. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本地理方面的书籍。 Jenny likes _ _. She _ a book _ _ last night. 3. Emma每天都练习弹吉他。可是昨天他没有练习。 Emma _ the guitar every day. But he _ _ yesterday. 4. 上周六他们做什么了？ What _ they _ _ Saturday? 第八章一般将来时一.意义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 二. 构成及变化一般将来时常用的两种结构be going to+动词原形 : 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。shallwill+动词原形 : 表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的计划性, 还用来表示意愿1. be going to +动词原形1.肯定句主语+ be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year. 我姐姐准备明年学英语。2.否定句主语+be（am / is / are）not going to +动词原形 +其它成份I am not going to（go to）the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看电影。3.一般疑问句 Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份?Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isnt.你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?不。4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句 ?Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春节你打算在哪过？5.注意: be going to 结构后面习惯上不跟 go ， come 等表位移的动词，一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如: Hes going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约.2. will /shall +动词原形（在书面语中，主语是第一人称时，常用shall ,在口语中，所有人称都可以用will）1.肯定句主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份I (shall) write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信。2.否定句主语 + will /shall+ not + 动词原形 +其它成份They wont watch TV this evening.今天晚上他们不看电视。3.一般疑问句 will/shall+主语 +动词原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ？明天你和我们呆在家里好吗？4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-) +一般疑问句When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么时侯回来？附 :Shall I /we 常用来征求对方意见，而问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请，常用Will you?他们的回答比较灵活。1Shall we go to the park ?肯定Sure , lets go .否定 No , lets go to the cinema.2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week ?肯定Yes, I will. / Sure .否定 Im sorry. Im afraid I cant. 练习题1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛？我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _?Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面。What time _ you _ _ meet?改句子。5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy _ going to go camping.6. Ill go and join them.（改否定）I _ go _ join them.7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Today is a sunny day. We _ （have） a picnic this afternoon.2. My brother _ （go） to Shanghai next week.3. Tom often _（go） to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ （go） to school by bike.4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ （watch） TV and _（catch） insects?5. Its Friday today. What _she _ （do） this weekend? She _ （watch ） TV and _ （catch） insects.6. What _ （d0） you do last Sunday? I _ （pick） apples on a farm. What are you _ （do） next Sunday? I _ （milk） cows.7. Mary _ （visit） her grandparents tomorrow.8. Liu Tao _ （fly） kites in the playground yesterday.9. David _ （give） a puppet show next Monday.10. I _ （plan） for my study now时态具体句型句子构成一般现在时动词做谓语主语+be (am/is / are )+not+其他+.实意动词做谓语主语+dont/doesnt +其他+.情态动词+实意动词主语+情态动词+not +动词原形+其他+.现在进行时动词做谓语主语+be动词(am /is /are)+现在分词+其他+.第九章句型一、陈述句定义：凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。肯定句变否定句肯定句变否定句就是加not no 或表示否定的词英语的句子重要取决于动词而动词又有时态的变化因此在不同的时态的句子中的位置不同陈述句练习把下列陈述句变成否定句。1.My father watches TV every day .My father _ _ TV every day .2.Kate often does her homework at six .Kate _ often _ her homework at six.3.I go to school at seven .I _ _ to school at seven .4.They are good students .They _ _ good students .5.He is clever .He _ _ clever .二、疑问句疑问句是用来提出问题的，疑问句又包括：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑问句和选择疑问句。一、一般疑问句：1.一般疑问句又可以叫做yes/no句型，需要用yes或no来回答。2.一般疑问句的基本结构：be动词（am, is, are）+主语+表语？have动词（表示“有”：have, has）+主语+宾语？情态动词（can, may, must）+主语+行为动词（或be）?助动词(do, does)+主语+行为动词？助动词（shall, will, have, has）+主语+行为动词（或be）?3.变一般疑问句的方法：（一调，二变，三问号）当句中有Be(am, is, are)动词的时候：1、将Be(am, is, are)提前，放于句首（大写）；2、将人称变换，第一人称变第二人称（Iyou, weyou, myyour, ouryour），第二人称变第一人称（youI,youwe,yourmy,yourour），第三人称不变（一变二，二变一，三不变）3、在句尾加问号“？”4、回答：肯定： Yes , 主语+be. 否定： No, 主语+be+not.当句中没有Be动词，有情态动词的时候：1、提前can, may，放于句首（大写）；2、将人称变换，第一人称变第二人称（Iyou,weyou,myyour,ouryour），第二人称变第一人称（youI,youwe,yourmy,yourour），第三人称不变（一变二，二变一，三不变）3、在句尾加问号“？”4、回答：肯定： Yes , 主语+can. 否定： No, 主语+can+not.句中没有Be动词和情态动词can的时候：1、在句首加Do或Does，当主语是第三人称单数的时候用Does，其它都用Do2、将人称变换，第一人称变第二人称（Iyou,weyou,myyour,ouryour），第二人称变第一人称（youI,youwe,yourmy,yourour），第三人称不变（一变二，二变一，三不变）3、在句尾加问号“？”4、回答：肯定： Yes , 主语+do/does 否定： No, 主语+do/does+not.其它在句中要变换的词有someany, amare英语里只有三种人称.第一人称：我,我们,(I),we 【me, us】 (我),我们第二人称：你,你们,(you),you 【you ,you】 ( 你),你们第三人称：他，她，它(he, she, it,) 【him, her ,it 】他们they【them】还有一些人名也算第三人称,比如Kangkang, Jane.像your father(你的爸爸)这也算第三人称. 第三人称单数指他(he) 她(she) 它(it)或者单个人名,第三人称复数是都用they 他们/她们/它们此外，不可数名词在用法上也同于第三人称单数。二、特殊疑问句：以疑问代词what, who(whom), whose, which 或疑问副词when, where, how, why 放在句首提问的句子叫做特殊疑问句，答语只要针对问句中的疑问代词或疑问副词来回答，不用yes 或no。1.疑问词 + 一般疑问句（疑问词作宾语、表语、状语或定语）。What do you want? 你要什么？When do you have English class? 你们什么时候有英语课？Whose coat is this? 这是谁的大衣？How did he know it? 他是怎么知道它的？Why did you say this? 你为什么要这么说？Which is your umbrella? 哪个是你的雨伞？Where were these buses made? 这些巴士是哪儿制造的？2.疑问代词作主语或作主语的定语时，词序与陈述句相同：疑问代词（+名词）+谓语。Who teaches your brother Japanese? 谁教你弟弟日语？What is in the box on the table? 桌上那个盒子里装的是什么？Whose handwriting is the best in your class? 你们班里谁的书法最好？*疑问代词：who: 主语、宾语、表语、用来提问表示“人”的各种成分。 whose: 用来提问“谁的”。 which: 用来提问“哪一个/位”。 what: 提问表示“干什么”等意思*疑问副词：when: 提问在何时。 where: 提问在何地 why: 提问表示原因的短语或句子 how: 提问表示程度或方式的副词或短语*由疑问词how 构成的短语引导的问句how old (表示年龄)多大了, how long（表示时间或物体的长短）有多长 , how many + 复数名词表示多少 , how much + 不可数名词表示多少 , how far （表示距离）多远疑问句专项练习按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词。1. Its a large room.(改为复数形式)_ _ large rooms.2. He has to buy a dictionary for his daughter.(改为否定句)He _ _ to buy a dictionary for his daughter.3. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改为否定句)Uncle Wang _ _ making things.4. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday.(改写为一般疑问句)_ Ann _ the book to the library yesterday?.5. The hospital is about 300 meters away. (就划线部分提问) _ _ is the hospital ?6.There are fifty-two students in our class. (就划线部分提问)_ _ students are there in your class?7.My mother is very well.( 就划线部分提问) _ is your mother?8.He has three pens. (就划线部分提问)_ _ pens does he have ?9.She is ten years old. (就划线部分提问)_ _ is she?10. They have a class meeting every other week. (改为否定句) They _ _ a class meeting every other week.三、祈使句一、祈使句：用来表示下达命令、提出要求、建议和劝告的句子。说话的对象通常是第二人称you ,习惯上常省略。祈使句的肯定句谓语动词用原形，否定句一般用dont, never开始。1肯定祈使句句型 1 ：动词 let + 第一、三人称宾格代词 + V. 例句：Lets go to school. 让我们去上学吧。 Let me try. 让我试一试。 Let him come upstairs. 让他上楼吧。句型 2：动词 + 其他部分例句：Please open the door . 请开门。 Turn to page two.请将书翻到第二页。 Listen to me.请听我讲。 Stop talking. 别说话。二、否定祈使句（一般在句首加 Dont.）1Climb the tree ,please. 请爬树。（肯定句） Dont climb the tree! 不要爬树。（否定句）2Open the door. 打开门。（肯定句） Dont open the door. 不要开门。（否定句）三、陈述句变祈使句1You cant make faces in class. 你不能在课堂上做鬼脸。 Dont make faces in class. 不要在课堂上做鬼脸。2You cant read in bed. 你不要在床上看书。 Dont read in bed. 不要在床上看书。祈使句专项训练一、连词成句并改写成否定句。1 on walk the grass_2. ride a here bike_二、按要求改写下列句子1She likes playing basketball after school. (否定句)_2. He did his homework yesterday evening. (一般疑问句) _3.Tom wrote a letter to his mother yesterday. (否定句)_4.My mother can make kites. (一般疑问句)_5. There are some dictionaries on the desk. (否定句)_四、there be与havehas 句型一. “There be” 句型“There be +某（些）人或物 + 某地（或某时）”是指“某地（时）存在某人（或某物）”。谓语be 必须在数上和主语保持一致。如果主语中既有单数又有复数，be 的形式变化与它最近的主语相一致。（一）结构There be (is are ) +某 1) There is + 可数名词单数不可数名词2）There are + 可数名词复数（二）用法1. 肯定句： There is are + _.2. 否定句：There is are + not _3. 一般疑问句：IsAre + there ? Yes, there is are. No, there is are not.（三）There be 句型中的 be 与离它最近的名词有关。例， There is an apple and two pears on the table.There are two pears and an apple on the table. 二、have has 句型是指某人有某物 (表示所有、拥有关系)I We You They 人名（复数）事物（复数）+ have He She It 人名（单数）事物（单数） + has 句型专项练习题一、用“have ,has, there be ” 的适当形式填空。1. He _ a lot of friends.2. _ _ four seasons in a year.3. She _ seven sons.4. _ _ any milk in the cup? 5. Beijing _ many universities. 6. We _ a lot of work to do.7. _ _ a book and two pens on the table.8. They _ many beautiful flowers.9. _ _ three pencils and a ruler in the pencil-box.10. My father _ a red car.二、用适当的词填空1. He often _ up _ six oclock _ the morning.2. Whats wrong _ your mother?3. Mary can _ a kite.4. There _ an apple and three bananas in the bag.三、选择填空1.There _ two knives in the pencil box .A.are B.is C.be D.am 2.How many counties _ in Europe ?A. is it B.is there C.are they D.are there 3.Look ! There _ some apples in that tree .A. is B.are C.be D.am 4.There _ some children playing on the playground .A. is B.are C.has D.have 5.-Are there any fish in the lake now ?-No . _ any water in it in winter .A. There isnt B.There arent C.It isnt D.They aren t 6.There _ an apple tree near the river .A. am B.are C.is D.be 7._ there any good news in todays newspaper ?A. Are B.Is C.Have D.Has 8.There _ a banana and ten pears in the basket . A. are B.is C.has D.have 9.There _ some oranges on the table .A. are B.is C.am D.be 10.There _ forty sixty students in Class _.A. have , Three B.are , Three C.have , Third D.are , Third 11.There _ a table with three legs in Jennys room .A. is B.are C.has D.have 12.There _ ten deer and a monkey in the photo .A. is B.are C.be D.have 语法综合练习题(一)一、写出下列单词的复数形式1.butterfly7.watch13. tomato2.sheep8.tooth14. child3.mouse9.man15. potato4.deer10.goose16.knife5.monkey11.leaf17. radio6.box12.story18.dress二、汉译英1.Tony的手表 _ 2.教师节_3.同学们的教室_ 4.弟弟的球_三、用适当的人称代词填空1. This is _ (I) book, that is _ (she).2. These are _ (they) flowers.3. _ (she) brother is six, but _ (I) is seven.4. There are many apples in _ (you) bag.四、用a, an填空1. _ orange pencil 2. _ old woman3. _baseball 4. _ hour五、写出下列动词的单三及现在分词形式1.get _ _ 2.read _ _3.skip _ _ 4. listen _ _5. draw _ _ 6. close _ _六、写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级1.fat4.good2.nice5.happy3.long6.old七、用适当介词填空1. There are many pears _ the tree.2. He often plays football _ school.3. He goes _ school _ Sundays.4. The birds are _ the tree.5. There are two pictures _ the wall.八、用动词的适当形式填空1. My sister often _ her homework at home. ( do)2. You must _ to bed now. (go )3. He is _ in the room. (sing)4. Is she _ the window now? (clean)5. May I _ the door ?(open)6. She is _ in Room Two. (dance)7. He often _ up late on Sundays. (get)8. My father usually _ TV at night. (watch)9. Mary can _ books by herself. (read)10. Sam _ in the pool. (swim)九、按要求改写句子1. This is a basketball. (改为复数句)2. She is my mother. (就划线部分提问)3. There is an orange and four rulers on the table. (同义句)4. Tom plays soccer every day. (否定句) 5. Can you swim? (否定句) _ 6. He is reading a book. He is in the classroom. (改写成一句话)十、改错。3 He writing a letter in the room. _4 She can swims in the river.

温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。