内容简介：: 一、重点词汇1. wear/in/put on/dress强调穿的状态强调穿的动作wear + 服装(戴/穿)put on+ 服装(戴/穿)(be) in + 服装/颜色(戴/穿)dress + 人(给某人穿衣服)【小试牛刀】1. 她今天穿了一条牛仔裤。She is_a pair of jeans today. 2. 她面带微笑。She _a smile on her face. 3. 穿上暖和的衣服，外面很冷。Please_warm clothes, it is cold outside. 4. 那个小男孩可以自己穿衣服了。The little boy can_himself. 2. borrow/lend/keep基本含义常见句型borrow “借入”指向别人借东西borrow sth. from sb.lend “借出”指把东西借给别人lend sth. to sb.=lend sb. Sth.keep “借”是个延续性动词keep sth. for some time【小试牛刀】 ( ) 1. Could you _ me your dictionary? I want to find the meaning of this new word.A. keep B. lent C. borrow D. lend( ) 2. I can _ you my dictionary, but you can _ it for only a week.A. borrow; borrow B. lend; borrow C. borrow; keep D. lend; keep( ) 3. -May I_ your bike？-Certainly, but you mustnt_ it to others.A. lend; lend B. borrow; lend C. borrow; borrow D. lend; borrow ( ) 4. I_ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now. A. borrowB. have borrowedC. kept D. have kept3. say/talk/speak/talk基本含义常见句型say “说,讲”,强调说的具体内容say sth. to sb.talk “谈话” , 强调交谈talk to/with sb.speak “说话,发言”还有说某种语言speak to sb.; speak +语言tell “告诉,讲述”tell sb. sth.; tell sb.(not)to do sth.【小试牛刀】 ( ) 1.Listen,Ihaveanimportantthingto_you. A.speakB.sayC.talkD.tell ( ) 2.Canyou_itinChinese? A.speakB.sayC.tellD.talk( ) 3.Sitdown,children. Imgoingto_youastory. A.speakB.talkC.tellD.say ( ) 4.-DoesMeimeispeakEnglishverywell.-Yes,sheandherclassmatesoften_toeachotherinEnglish.A.speakB.talkC.sayD.tell ( ) 5.Hello.MayI_totheheadmasterplease? A.speakB.sayC.tellD.talk 4. sometimes/some times/sometime/some time基本含义记忆口诀sometimes “有时”sometimes/some times：相聚是“有时”；分开是“几次”some times “几次” sometime “在某时”sometime/some time：相聚是“某时”；分开是“一段”some time “一段时间”【小试牛刀】1. Ill stay here for _. 2. Mary will be back _in October. 3. Our school is _ larger than theirs. 一、重点词汇1. wake up 该短语属于“动词+副词”结构，后接人称代词作宾语时，则置于它们的中间；后接名词作宾语时，则可置于它们的中间，也可置于短语之后。 If he is still sleeping, dont_ (叫醒他). Its time to go to school. _(把汤姆叫醒),please.2. spend/take/cost/pay基本含义常见句型spend “花费”时间、金钱人 + spend + 钱 / 时间+ on + 物人 + spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth.take “花费”时间It takes + 人 + 时间 + to do sth.cost “值”钱；“花费”钱物 + cost + 人 + 钱物 + cost + 钱pay “付”钱人 + pay + 钱 + for + 物【小试牛刀】1. -How long _ it _ you to finish the work? -For about two days.2. It will _ you 50 to fly to Beijing.3. I have _ all day looking for my brother.4. -_ you _ four dollars for the book? -No, I didnt.3. both/either/neither基本含义常见句型both “两者都”，可以位于句首或句中，用于否定句中，表示部分否定Bothand.( 既又，两个都)连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式either “两者之一”，位于句首作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式Eitheror( 或者或者，不是就是)连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词实行“就近原则”，即和or后的词一致neither “两者一个也不”，位于句首作主语时，谓语动词用单数，是个完全否定形式 Neitheror (既不也不; ”，“和都不)连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词实行“就近原则”，即和nor后的词一致【小试牛刀】1. There are many tall trees on _ sides of the street.2. He gave me two answers to the question, but _ of them is right.3. -When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow morning? -I dont mind. _ time is OK.4. except/ except for /besidesexcept “除去”，往往和all, every, no, nobody, nothing等词连用All are present except Tom. 除汤姆外，其他人都到了。except for “把某一点除外”，是对前面的主谓意思进行补充说明，有时可以和except互换，但位于句首时，只用except forExcept for George, we can all go. 除乔治外，我们都可以去。Yourcompositionisgoodexceptforsomespellingmistakes.除了一些拼写错误外,你的作文是很好的。besides “除以外，另外还有”Two other boys were on duty besides Tom.除汤姆外，还有两个男孩值日。exceptthat和except意思一样，但后接的是一个句子Theyoungsoldierstoodstillexceptthathismouthwasmoving.【小试牛刀】1. He gets up early every day _Sunday.2. We need fifteen more people _our team to do the job.3. Wecoulddonothing_wait.4. The suit fitted him well_the colour was a little brighter.5. Jane was quite alone in the world_an aunt in Brazil.一、重点词汇1. interesting/interested基本含义例句interesting “有趣的,令人感兴趣的”,用来描述物体的The story he told us was very interesting.他给我们讲的故事非常有趣。interested “感兴趣的”,用来表示人对某事物感兴趣The boy is interested in the computer.这个男孩对电脑感兴趣。【小试牛刀】1. She is _(interest)in the _ (interest)story.2. 她对音乐感兴趣。She shows _ in music. 3. 多么有趣的人！What _ people! 2. dress up/dress up as基本含义例句dress up“乔装打扮,穿上盛装” He always dress up at Halloween.dress up as“打扮成,装扮成”Hobo likes dressing up as a ghost.【小试牛刀】孩子们为庆祝儿童节穿上了盛装The little boys and girls have_for the Childrens Day.3. by bus/on the bus汉语意思介词短语动词短语乘公共汽车by buson a / the bustake the/a bus骑自行车by bikeon a / the bikeride a/the bike乘飞机by planeon a / the planetake plane/a plane坐火车by trainon a / the traintake the/a train乘轮船by shipon a / the shiptake the/a ship坐小汽车by caron a / the cardrive a/the car乘地铁by underground-take the subway坐出租车by taxiin a / the taxitake the taxi步行-on footwalk【小试牛刀】很多人开车去上班。Many people go to work_. / Many people _ to work.4. through/across/over基本含义辨析through “通过,穿过” 从立体空间穿过across “横穿,横越”从一个平面穿过over “越过”越过高的障碍物【小试牛刀】1. I cant swim _ the river.2. He climbed _ the wall.3. The sunlight came in _the window.一、重点词汇1. keep基本含义常见结构keep“保持,保留” keep + 名词或其他keep “使.保持某一状态”keep + 名词 + 形容词基本含义常见短语汉语意思keep in mind 记住keep ones word遵守诺言keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事keep on doing sth.坚持做某事【小试牛刀】You cant sneeze and keep your eyes _at the same time.A. open B. opens C. opened D. opening2. never/seldom/sometimes/often/usually/always(1) 频度大小图示(2) 频度副词的位置除sometimes位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句中或句尾之外，其他的都位于本动词、助动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。3. too much/much too/too many基本含义辨析too much “太多,太(过分)” 修饰不可数名词，也可修饰动词(放在其后)much too “太”修饰形容词或副词(放在其前)too many “太多”修饰可数名词的复数形式4. carry/bring/take/get基本含义辨析carry “搬运,携带” 没有方向性bring “拿来,带来”指“从别处拿到说话处”take “拿走,带走”指“把某人(物)从说话处带到别处”get “取来”指“到某处去把某物取来”5. in front of/in the front of基本含义辨析in front of “在的前面” 在某个范围的外部in the front of “在的前部”在某个范围的内部6. in the west of/on the west of/ to the west of基本含义辨析in the east of “在的东面” 在某地域的范围之内on the east of “在的东面”与某一地域或边界相接to the east of “在的东面”在某一地域范围之外【小试牛刀】1. Shanghai is _ the east of China.2. Jiangsu is _ the east of Anhui.3. Japan is _ the east of China.一、重点词汇1. go +v-ing/do some +v-ing这两种结构都表示“去从事某种活动”go + V-ing多指户外运动do some/the V-ing一般指室内活动go swimming 去游泳do some reading 读书go skating 去滑冰do some writing 写东西go boating 去划船do some washing 洗衣服go camping 去野营do some cooking 做饭go skiing 去滑雪do some cleaning 扫除go climbing 去爬山【小试牛刀】1. 这个星期天去爬山怎么样？What about_this Sunday.2. 在空余时间的时候，我喜欢读点书。I like_in my free time.2. already/yet基本含义用法辨析already “已经”用于肯定句中，用于疑问句中表示“意外”yet “已经,还”用于疑问句中“已经”，用于否定句中“还”【小试牛刀】1. He has a football_.2. Have you finished your homework_? Not _.3. Ive_ had my breakfast. What about you?3. also/too/eitheralso “也”用于肯定句中，位于句中too “也”用于肯定句中，位于句末either “也”用于否定句中，位于句末【小试牛刀】1. He will_ go abroad.2. I want to eat an apple,_.3. I dont watch TV,_.4. invite 注意两个句型：invite sb. to some place 和invite sb. to do sth.【小试牛刀】1. -Did you go to Janes birthday party? - No, I _.A. am not invited B. wasnt invitedC. havent been invited D. didnt invited2. Thank you for_me to your birthday party.3. He _me to see a film last Sunday.5. donate/raise基本含义基本句型donate “捐款”donate money to sb. 捐钱给某人raise “筹集;集资”raise money for sb. 为某人筹集资金【小试牛刀】1. There are many ways to _money for charity.2. I would _money to the medical research because I want to do something to help others.一、重点词汇1. be made of/be made from/be made in基本含义用法辨析be made of “由制成”从制成品中能够看出原材料be made from “由制成”从成品中看不出原材料be made in “由制造”指某物由某一地点制成be made into “被制成为”指某物被制成另一物体be made up of “由制成”指由各个部分组成【小试牛刀】1. This kind of paper is made _bamboo.2. The bookshelf is made _ wood. 3. The watch is made _Shanghai.4. This desk is made _twelve pieces of wood.5. Wood can _made _paper.2. look for/ find/find out基本含义用法辨析look for “寻找”强调找的动作find “找到,发现”强调找的结果find out “发现,查明”指通过调查研究之后发现事实、真相等【小试牛刀】1. Please _when the train will arrive at the station.2. Have you _your pen. No. I_ still _it now.3. 我到处找我的钢笔，但没能找到。I _ my pen everywhere, but I couldnt _it.1. above/below/on/over/under基本含义用法辨析above “在之上”强调高于某一点或某一物体，不一定在垂直上方below “在下面”强调低于某一点或某一物体，不一定在垂直下方on “在之上”强调某物在另一物体的表面，两者接触over “在之上”多指某物在另一物体的正上方，两者不接触，但强调垂直under “在下面”多指某物在另一物体的正下方，两者不接触，但强调垂直【小试牛刀】1. 在村庄脚下山谷的另一头,有一个湖。There is a lake _ the village, further down the valley.2. 伦敦坐落在泰晤士河畔。London is _ the Thames.3. 乌云笼罩着山顶。Dark clouds hang _ the top of the mountain.4. 你能看见飞过楼顶的飞机吗? Can you see the plane flying _ the building?5. 讲台上有很多课本。There are lots of textbooks _ the teachers desk.2. between/among基本含义用法辨析between “在之间”一般指在两者之间among “在之间”表示在三个或三个以上的人或物之间，后面常接集体名词或可数名词的复数形式。【小试牛刀】1. Whats the difference _ Asian elephants and African elephants?2. The Mediterranean Sea(地中海) is _Europe and Africa.3. He spent many years _ the people of Africa.4. I bought three hundred eggs and there was not a single bad one _them.3. arrive at(in)/get to/reach基本含义用法辨析arrive in “到达；抵达”arrive in + 大地点arrive at “到达；抵达”arrive at + 小地点get to “到达；抵达”get to + 地点reach “到达；抵达”reach + 地点【小试牛刀】1. Do you know what time the plane _ Moscow？2. They _ the station at 8 this morning.3. Her mother saw her when she _ home.4. They _ Beijing on February 17. 4. other/another/ the other/others/ the others基本含义用法辨析onethe other (两者中的)一个另一个another + 单数名词泛指三者或三者以上的同类事物中的“另一个”other + 复数名词泛指“其他的人或物”others 泛指“其他的人或物”the others特指某范围内“其他的人或物”【小试牛刀】1. These shoes are too big for me. Would you show me _ pair?2. We study English, Chinese and some _ subjects.3. He is always ready to help _.4. She has three skirts. One is red, _ two are black.5. Of the four students, one is from Canada, _ are from the USA.1. none/no one基本含义用法辨析none “没有一个”可指人,也可指物。单独使用时常用于回答“How many?或How much?”的句型,后常接of短语,构成完全否定的句型：None of +the+可数名词复数+单数/复数动词+ None of + the+不可数名词复数+单数动词+no one “没有人” 可指人,不可指物,语气比none强。一般不接of短语, 通常用来回答“Who?”的句型。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。【小试牛刀】1. -How many birds are there in the tree? -_. 2. -Who is in the classroom? -_.3. -Did the old man enjoy himself very much at the spring festival? -He had expected to see all his children, but _returned.4. There are several pretty girls standing under the tree, but_ of them are known to me.2. until/notuntil基本含义用法辨析until “直到”用于肯定句中，动词必须是延续性的notuntil “直到才” 用于否定句中，动词为延续性或非延续性都可以【小试牛刀】1. The Second World War lasted _1945.2. The noise of the street didnt stop _it was midnight.3. leave/leave for/leavefor基本含义用法辨析leave “离开；遗弃”leave+物+adj. “使某物处于某种状态”leave for “动身去(某地)” for后接目的地leavefor “离开(某地)去(另一地)”for后接目的地【小试牛刀】1. 他明天动身去北京。He will_Beijing tomorrow. 2. 他明天离开上海去北京。He will _ Shanghai _ Beijing tomorrow.3. 不要把这个婴儿独自留在家里。Dont _the baby alone at home. 1. in the end/finally/at last基本含义用法辨析in the end 1. 表示经过许多变化、困难或捉摸不透的情况以后，某事才发生，与其余两个换用2. 可以用于将来时，其余两个则不行finally 1. 指一系列事物或论点的顺序，引出最后一项内容，无感情色彩，常位于句首2. 还可以表示经过很多困难后，某事才发生，表示“等了好久才”at last 1. 往往表示经过一番努力或曲折的过程，常常有较浓厚的感情色彩；只能指时间位置，而不能指时间顺序2. 也可以表示“等候或耽误了很长时间之后才”，语气比较强烈【小试牛刀】1. All will come right _.2. _he went to see the famous man himself.3. _ the work was done and he could rest.2. stop doing sth./stop to do sth.基本含义例句stop doing sth. “停止做某事”HestoppedwatchingTVandbegantoreadEnglish.他停下来看电视，开始读英语。stop to do sth. “停下来原来做的事，做下面的事” HewatchedTVforanhour.At8, hestoppedtodohishomework.他看了一个小时的电视，八点钟他停下来(看电视)去做作业。【小试牛刀】1. Though they were very tired, they didnt stop _(have) a rest.2. The students stopped_(talk) when the teacher came into the classroom.3. surprised/surprising基本含义用法辨析surprised “感到吃惊的”描述人：be surprised at (doing) sth., be surprised to do sth.surprising “令人惊讶的” 描述事物：His success is surprising.他的成功使人吃惊。【小试牛刀】1. The result is _.2. We are _ at his _ success.4. join/join in/take part in基本含义用法辨析join “参加；加入”侧重指加入党派、团体、组织人群等，并成为其中的一员join in “参加” 指参加正在进行的活动(表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等的名词或V-ing)take part in “参加”指参加某一活动(如会议、谈话、战争等)并在其中起积极作用【小试牛刀】1. How many countries will _ the next World Cup?2. Can I _ the game?3. His brother _the army two years ago.1. noise/sound/voice基本含义用法辨析noise “噪音”指不悦耳的，不和谐的或任何令人讨厌的声音sound “声音” 指一切可以听到的声音，包括大的、小的、好听的、难听的、有意义的或无意义的voice “嗓音”指人的说话声或唱歌声【小试牛刀】1. _travelsmoreslowlythanlight.2. Heenjoysthecountrylife,awayfromcity_.2. look for/search/search for基本含义用法辨析look for “寻找”强调“找”的动作和过程，是有目的地“找”search “搜索” search sb. 搜身search some place 搜查某地search for “搜寻”强调寻找的行为，常用句型：search sb /place for sth, search place for sb【小试牛刀】1. We_him everywhere，but didnt find him2. The police _ him, but nothing was found on him3. The enemy _the mountain for the Red Army, but they failed3. die/dead/dying/death基本含义用法辨析die “死”强调“死”的动作, 属于瞬间动词，不能和时间段连用dead “死的” 强调“死”的状态, 是形容词，作表语或定语dying “要死的”是die的现在分词, 也可作形容词, 作定语或表语death “死亡”是die的名词形式【小试牛刀】1. Toms grandfather has been_for ten years.2. Toms grandfather _ ten years ago.3. The doctor tried his best to save the_boy.4. Three years has passed since his_.4. remember to do sth./ remember doing sth.基本含义用法辨析remember to do sth. “记得要做某事”表示动作尚未发生，即将发生remember doing sth. “记得做了某事” 表示动作已经发生【小试牛刀】1. -Remember _(close) the door before you leave the classroom. Sure, I will.2. -Do you still remember _ (see) me somewhere in Beijing?-Yes, of course. Two years ago.类似的动词搭配有：stopdoingsth. “停止做某事”stoptodosth. “停下来原来做的事，做下面的事”trydoingsth. “试着做某事”trytodo “试图、企图做某事”goondoing “继续做原来的事情”goontodo “继续做另外一件事”forgotdoing “忘记做过了某事”forgettodo “忘记要去做某事(尚未做) ”canthelpdoing “禁不住做”canthelp(to)do “不能帮忙做”5. during/in基本含义用法辨析during “在期间”1.谓语动词着重于动作或状态的延续性时，习惯用during2.表示一段时间的名词holiday , childhood , stay等词前，习惯上用duringin “在之内/之后” 1.表示某一行为发生在一段时间中的某一点时间时，习惯用in2.表示对比或强调时，多用in【小试牛刀】1. Mr. Black visited China _1980, not _1970.2. I think that maybe his Chinese teacher will give Jim some work to do _the holiday.一、重点词汇1. alone/lonely基本含义用法辨析alone “单独的；独自的”侧重于说明独自一人，没有同伴或助手，指的是客观情况lonely “孤独的；寂寞的” 带有浓厚的感情色彩，强调人的内心的孤独与寂寞【小试牛刀】1. The old man lives_, but he doesnt feel_.2. This year_, weve already planted ten thousand trees.2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.基本含义用法辨析forget to do sth. “忘记要去做某事”表示动作尚未发生，即将发生forget doing sth. “忘记做过了某事” 表示动作已经发生【小试牛刀】1. Dont forget_(close) the door when you leave the room.2. -Thelightintheofficeisstillon. -Oh，Iforgot_.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff3. I will never forget_(see) the Statue of Liberty (自由女神)for the first time.3. whole/all基本含义用法辨析whole “全部的；整个的”用于单数名词之前，冠词之后：冠词+whole+单数名词all “全部的；整体的” 用于不可数或复数名词和冠词之前：all+the+名词【小试牛刀】1. Hespenta_dayinthemuseum.2. Myteachergaveme_theadviceIneeded.4. like/likely/alike基本含义用法辨析like “相似的；同样的”可作形容词，也可作介词like “喜欢”作动词用likely “可能的；有希望的” 可作形容词，也可作副词alike “相似的；同样的”是个形容词，只作表语，不作前置定语【小试牛刀】1. The two boys are much _ in character.2. Life is _ riding a bicycle.3. Im _busy tomorrow afternoon.4. The surface of Mars is _the surface of Earth than that of any other planet in our solar system.一、重点词汇1. can/be able to基本含义用法辨析can “能；会”强调努力而来的能力；可用于表示推测性、允许等情况；只有现在和过去两种时态be able to “能；会”强调自身已有的能力；强调结果；有多种时态Luckily, he was able to escape from the big fire in the end. 幸运的是，他终于逃出了大火。The doctor did what he could to save the child. = The doctor did her best to save the child.这位医生尽力去挽救这个小孩。2. call/ring/telephone基本含义用法辨析call sb. (up) “打电话给某人”多用于美国英语call sb. (up)= give sb. a callring sb. (up) “打电话给某人”多用于英国英语ring sb. (up)= give sb. a ringtelephone sb. “打电话通知某人(某事)”较正式的用法，着重于通话的内容。make a (tele)phone call (to sb.) “打电话(给某人)”不强调打电话的内容和方式，强调打电话的行为Please_him. His telephone number is 967334.一、重点词汇1. almost/nearly相同点不同点两者都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等，此时两者常可换用。almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词之前，但 nearly 一般不这样用。如：Almost any man can do it. 几乎任何人都会做。He is almost nearly as tall as her.他差不多与她一样高。nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰，但 almost 之前不能用这些词。如：The car is pretty nearly new. 这汽车几乎是全新的。He fell and almost nearly broke his leg.他跌了一跤，险些跌断了腿。有时 almost 可表示十分相似(但又不完全相同)，此时不用 nearly。如：I almost wish Id stayed at home. 我真有点后悔没在家里呆着。【小试牛刀】1. When he came back, it was_one oclock in the morning.2. _no one came to help him with his work.2. in the future/in future基本含义用法辨析in future from now on “今后，以后”常指离现在较近的一段将来时间。强调与过去相对照，过去是什么情况，今后将是什么情况。in the future in time yet to come “将来”常指包括in future在内的较远的将来一段时间。in the near future指“在不久的将来”。【小试牛刀】1. Who knows what will happen _？2. Be more careful with your spelling _.3. advice/suggestion基本含义用法辨析advice “劝告，意见”是不可数名词，指具有丰富的知识，足够的经验，正确的判断力和明智的观点的人对另一个人的劝告或见解，既可以是对于严肃的事物，也可以对琐碎事情提出意见。suggestion “建议；意见”是可数名词，特指为了改进或解决某一问题而提出建议，办法等，但不一定正确，仅供参考。【例句展示】I wonder if I can get some advice from you. 不知道能否得到你的指点。I made a few suggestions about how we could spend the afternoon. 我提了几条关于下午活动安排的建议。【延伸拓展】ask for ones advice about征求某人对的意见against sb.s advice违背某人的忠告come to sb. for advice来向某人请教4. 几组词语搭配基本含义常见搭配famous “著名的；出名的”be famous for “以而著名”be famous as “作为而出名”agree “同意；赞同”agree with sb. “同意某人(的意见、主意或所说的东西)”agree to sth. “同意或赞同(计划、建议、安排、决定等)”agree on sth. “就取得一致意见；在方面意见一致”agree to do sth. “答应/愿意做某事”ready “乐意的；愿意的”be ready for sth. “为做好准备(侧重状态)”get ready for sth. “为做好准备(侧重动作)”get sth. ready “把准备好”二、语法点拨一、重点词汇1. in the beginning/at the beginning of基本含义用法辨析in the beginning “起初；开始”通常单独用作时间状语或定语，而较少跟of短语连用at the beginning of “在开头/起初”后接名词，并和名词一起作状语【小试牛刀】1. _ this century, a great many Europeans went to live in the USA.2. _, he wasnt interested in it.2. real/true基本含义用法辨析real “真的”暗指某事物是真实的或货真价实的，或指看上去或宣称与事实吻合的东西true “真实的”暗指与事实、现实或事物的真实状态相一致【小试牛刀】1. Dont lose the necklace. Its made of_gold.2. It is_that you are going to America on business. 3. In his novel, there are several_persons who are still alive now.3. scene /scenery/sight/view基本含义用法辨析scene “场景”指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内scenery “风景”指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色sight “视觉”既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观；其复数形式指名胜、风景view “风景”常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分，有时可与scene互换【小试牛刀】1. The_after the earthquake was horrible2. We passed through some beautiful_on our journey through the Lake District.3. The Great Wall is one of the most breathtaking_in the world.4. Youll get a fine_of the town from the top of the hill.4. instead/instead of基本含义用法辨析instead “代替；顶替”常用在句末，说明被代替的人或事物instead of “代替；而不是”后面必须加上所被代替的人或事【小试牛刀】1. Wellhaveteainthegarden_inthehouse.2. We wonthaveteainthehouse. Wellhaveteainthegarden_.3. LastsummerIwenttoQingdao.ThissummerImgoingtoDalian_.一、重点词汇1. beat/win基本含义用法辨析beat “打败；战胜”后接的是比赛、辩论或战斗的对手，即宾语通常是人win “获胜；赢得”后接的是比赛、辩论或战斗等【小试牛刀】1. He came first and_the race.2. The girls team_us in the football match last week.2. 与get有关的短语动词get along/on (with sb.) “(与某人)相处；进展”get away “走开；离开”get down “下来；记下”get back “返回；取回”get on “上车”get off “下车；动身”get into “进入；陷入”get out(of) “离开；出去”【小试牛刀】1. 他与同学们相处得很融洽。He_his classmates.2. 我七点前离不开。I wont be able to _ before 7. 3. 昨晚你是什么时候回来的? What time_ you _ last night? 1. provide/supply/offer基本含义用法辨析provide “提供”指有远见，为应付意外、紧急情况等作好充分准备常见句型：provide sb. with sth.；provide sth. for sb.supply “供给；供应”通常指定期“供应”，强调替代或补充所需物品常见句型：supply sb. with sth.；supply sth. to sb.offer “主动提供”侧重表示“愿意给予”常见句型：offer sb. sth.；offer to do sth【小试牛刀】1. The school_food for the students.2. In Britain, milk _to each house in bottles. 3. She_ me a cup of tea as soon as I sat down.2. loud/loudly基本含义用法辨析loud “大声地；高声地”主要与talk, speak, sing, laugh等连用, 只能用在动词后面loudly “大声地；高声地”可与任何发出声响的动词（如：bring, knock, ring, explain等）连用既可用在动词后，也可用在动词前aloud “出声地；大声地”作“出声地”解时，主要与read, think等连用,只能用在动词后面作“大声地”解时，主要与call, shout, cry等连用【例句展示】He read his sisters letter aloud. 他喃喃地读他妹妹的信。 Speak louder, please, or no one hear you. 请再大声些，否则，没人能听见。 Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly. 突然，墙上的铃大声地响起来。一、重点词汇1. mind/idea/opinion基本含义用法辨析mind “想法；精神”指一个人的精神所处的状态或者是思维活/心理活动idea “主意；想法”指特定情况下做某事的办法或是对“将来发生”的事情的“粗略”的构想opinion “主意；想法”指某人对某件事情的看法、观点（是纯粹的个人见解、主观判断）【小试牛刀】 1. He has no idea how to deal with it. 他不知道怎么去把这个事处理好。 2. The man changed his mind in the end. 这个男子最后改变了主意。 3. In my opinion, its easy for us to finish the work on time.在我看来，我们很容易准时完成工作。2. alive/living/live/lively基本含义用法辨析alive “活着的”表语形容词，不能放在它所说明的名词之前living “活(着)的”既可用作表语形容词，又可用作定语形容词；主要指在某个时候是活着的live “活的”通常只作前置定语，且一般用于动物lively “活泼的;生动的”可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物【小试牛刀】1. Hehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasses_andinteresting.2. We found the snake _.3. Hesaidhehadseena_whale.3. “名词+by+名词”短语此类短语大多含有“一个一个”之意，或“逐渐”的意思，强调变化，在句中做状语。例如：Our knowledge is increasing year by year. 我们的知识逐年增长。类似的短语有：one by one 一个接一个bit by bit 一点点地day by day 一天天by and by 不久step by step 逐步地 side by side 肩并肩地little by little 逐渐地hour by hour 一小时一小时地一、重点词汇1. used to/be used to/get used to基本含义用法辨析used to “过去常常(做某事)”现在已不再这样了，后常接动词原形be used to “习惯于(做某事)”后跟名词、代词或动名词get used to “变得习惯于(做某事)”强调由不习惯到习惯地过程【小试牛刀】1. He_get up at six in the morning.2. Im still not _ the weather here in Beijing-Yes, the weather can get really cold in Beijing.3. He_go fishing every Saturday. But since he changed his job, hesbarely(几乎不) had a chance. He thinks hell never_this busy lifestyle.2. a bit/a bit of/ a little基本含义用法辨析a bit “稍微，有点”作程度副词,修饰动词、形容词、副词、比较级notabit=notatall, 意为“毫不”;a bit of “有点儿”后接不可数名词a little “稍微，有点”作程度副词,修饰动词、形容词、副词、比较级作形容词, 后接不可数名词notalittle=verymuch,意为“非常”,“很”【小试牛刀】1. Willyoupleaseturndowntheradio_?2. Ivegotonly_moneywithmetoday.ImafraidIcanthelpyou.3. repair/mend/fix基本含义用法辨析repair “修理,修补”多用于修理物体较庞大、构造较复杂而又损坏较严重的东西mend “修理,修补”一般指修理物体较小、结构较简单的日常用具、或缝补衣服、袜子等fix “修理,校准”是美国英语，可与repair替换使用【小试牛刀】1. He often_theradiojustforthefunofit.2. Look! She_hershoes.3. -Haveyouhadyourwatch_? -Not yet.一、重点词汇1. include/including基本含义用法辨析include “包括,包含”及物动词，作谓语动词，后接宾语including “包括,包含”介词，一般用在逗号后面，或者是冒号的前面【小试牛刀】1. The price_ postage charges(邮费). 2. The band played many songs, _ some of my favourites.2. such as/for example/like基本含义用法辨析such as “例如”一般用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子，插在被列举的例子和前面的名词之间，as后没有逗号for example “例如”一般只举同类人或物中的一个为例，作插入语，可置于句首、句中或句末like “像”与such as 互用【小试牛刀】 1. He has been to many countries, _ America, Japan and Germany.2. There are many difficulties in our study(研究), _, we are lack of (缺乏)money.一、重点词汇1. asleep/sleepy/sleeping基本含义用法辨析asleep “睡着的”表语形容词，不能用在名词之前作定语sleepy “困倦的, 贪睡的”指人昏昏欲睡，或沉睡时的寂静状态。既可作表语，又可作定语sleeping “睡着的”常作定语【小试牛刀】1. She was fast_. I couldnt wake her up2. Im_. I want to go to bed.3. Dont make any noise. There is a_baby here.2. produce/make基本含义用法辨析produce “制造”可以是工业上的生产，但不能表示通过种植而获得的产品make “生产”可以是工业上的生产，也可以是可以表示生产汽车、机器通过制造而获得的产品，也可以表示生产粮食蔬菜、通过种植而获得的产品【小试牛刀】 1. They_ wheat and rice.2. Thefactory_cars.一、重点词汇1. on time/in time基本含义用法辨析on time “准时”正好在约定的时间发生in time “及时”在约定的时间之前发生【小试牛刀】1. The train came _.2. They were just_for the bus.2. seem+adj./seem+that基本含义例句展示seem + adj. “似乎,看起来”These girls seem very happy. 这些女孩子们似乎很高兴。seem + that “似乎,看起来”It seemed that they didnt catch the train. 看来他们没赶上火车。【小试牛刀】他今天看上去很高兴。He_very happy today. It_he _ very happy today.3. rise/raise基本含义用法辨析rise “升起，上升”不及物动词，一般只某物自然的上升raise “举起”及物动词，一般指人为的使某物上升【小试牛刀】1. The boy _ to his feet.2. The boy _ his hand to answer this question.一、重点词汇1. affect/effect基本含义用法辨析affect “影响”及物动词，主要指一时的影响，着重影响的动作，可指一般意义的影响(不分好坏)，也可指不良影响。effect “影响”名词(可数或不可数)，affecthave an effect on。effect有时虽用作动词(及物)，但不表示“影响”，而表示“实现”或“产生”等。influence “影响”主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作动词(及物)或名词(通常不可数，但有时可连用不定冠词)。【小试牛刀】1. The news did not_her at all. 这条消息对她没有一点影响。=The news had no _ on her at all.2. They_their escape in the middle of the night. 他们半夜逃脱了。3. Its clear that her painting has been _ by Picasso. 她的画显然受了毕加索的影响。4. Television has a strong _on people. 电视对人有很大的影响2. cure/treat基本含义用法辨析cure “治疗”通常强调结果，指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病treat “治疗”通常强调过程，指对病人进行诊断和治疗，但不含治好的意思【小试牛刀】1. This medicine will_your cough.这药可治好你的咳嗽。2. The dentist_ my teeth.牙科医生在给我看牙。3. Is he able to_ this disease?他能治这病吗?4. The doctors_ her of cancer.医生治好了她的癌症。5. Which doctor_ you for your illness?哪个医生在给你看病?一、重点词汇1. happen/take place基本含义用法辨析happen “发生,碰巧”一般用于偶然或突发性事件take place “发生,举行”一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排【小试牛刀】1. Great changes _ in our hometown during the past ten years. 2. I _ to see him on my way home. = It_ that I saw him on my way home.3. -What _ to you? -A car nearly hit me. I was very scared.2. farther/further基本含义用法辨析farther “较远,更远”表示有形距离，强调在距离上更远，强调的是广度further “较远,更远”表示抽象的“远”，强调在程度上更深远，强调的是深度【小试牛刀】1. His home is_to our school than mine.（他家离我们学校比我家离得远。）2. Please give us_explanation.(请给我们进一步解释。）一、重点词汇1. 重点词语搭配divideinto “把分成”make a mistake “犯错误”dream of “梦到”mistakefor “错把当做”2. awake/wakeawake “醒着的”通常用在系动词be的后面作表语，但不能用作定语wake “醒来”它常与副词up连用, wake up意为“使醒来;叫醒”【小试牛刀】1. 十二点钟了，可他还是睡不着。It was twelve oclock, but he was still _. 2. 别弄醒这个孩子，他才睡着。Dont _ the boy. He fell asleep just now. 一、重点词汇1. 重点词语搭配be satisfied with “对(感到)满意”make a promise “许诺”all the time “始终；一直”keep a promise “坚守许诺”at a time “一次；每次”break a promise “违背许诺”2. discover/inventdiscover “发现”指初次看见本来已存在但以前未被发现的事物invent “发明”指创造前所未有的事物【小试牛刀】 1. Columbus_ America but he did not explore the new continent 2. Edison_ the electric light bulb2. preferto prefer常构成以下几种句型：prefer A to B表示“喜欢A胜于B”prefer to do sth表示“更喜欢做某事”prefer sb. to do sth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”prefer doing A to doing B表示“宁愿做A事而不愿做B事”prefer to do A rather than do B表示“宁愿做A事而不愿做B事”【真题演练】 -Which would you like, tea or coffee? -Either_OK, but I prefer coffee_milk.(2009深圳)A. is, has B. are, with C. is, with Dare，has -What a heavy rain!-So it is. I prefer _ at home _ on such a rainy day. (2009扬州)A. watch TV; to go out B. watch TV; go out C. watching TV; to going out D. to watch TV; going out -Which of the two T-shirts do you prefer? -_is OK. I dont like their styles. (2010荆门市) A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All -Would you like some coffee? -Yes, and please get me some milk. I prefer coffee _ milk. (2010宁夏)A. with B. to C. ofD. on -How about going shopping this weekend, Peter? -Sorry. I prefer _rather than _.(2010泰安市)A. to stay at home, go outB. to go out, stay at homeC. staying at home, go outD. going out, stay at home3. 复合不定代词用法指物指人用于肯定句中something 某物somebody 某人someone 某人用于疑问、否定句中anything 任何事物anybody 任何人anyone 任何人本身是否定nothing 无物nobody 无人no one 没有人用于肯定、疑问everything 任何事物everybody 每人，人人everyone 每人，人人【用法】(1) 这些代词都作单数看待，作主语时，句子的谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Is there anything wrong? 有什么毛病吗？ Everybody/Everyone is interested in the subject. 谁对这个问题都感兴趣。(2) somebody/ someone, something和nobody/no one, nothing一般用在肯定句中，在否定句和疑问句中一般用 anybody/anyone, anything。例如：I talked to someone. He didnt talk to anyone. 我找人谈过。他谁也没谈。(3) 复合不定代词可以有形容词修饰作定语，但必须放在不定代词的后面。例如：The boy wants to find something interesting to read in the book. 那个孩子想从书中找点有趣的东西读读。 There is something wrong with his watch. 他的手表出现了故障。(4) 和some一样somebody, someone, something有时也用在疑问句中，含有肯定的意思（表示请求、建议或反问等）。例如：Why dont you ask somebody to help you? 你干吗不找谁帮帮你？Will someone go and get something to eat? 谁能去找点儿吃的来吗？(5) anybody, anyone, anything 用在肯定句中时，意思是“任何人”、“任何事”等意思。例如：Anybody who wants to can join us. 任何人想参加都行。I would do anything for this. 我愿意为此做任何事情。(6) 含everything, everybody, everyone用于否定句中，表示不完全否定。I dont think everyone likes sandwiches. 我认为不是每个人都喜欢三明治。【真题演练】 -Have you got_ready for the sports meeting?-Not yet. We still have_to do.(2010成都市)A. anything; nothingB. something; everythingC. everything; something She is new here, so we know about her. (2010 .河北省)A. nothingB. somethingC. anythingD. everything -How many students like this song? -_of us likes it. It sounds terrible. (2010黄冈市)A. NoneB. NobodyC. Every oneD. All Whatever you do, _ is difficult if you put your heart into it. (2010莱芜市) A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything There is _ wrong with this computer. It doesnt work well. (2010北京市)A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing -The exam was very easy, wasnt it?-Yes, but I dont think _would pass it. (2010十堰市)A. somebodyB. anybodyC. everybodyD. nobody - Where is my notebook ?- I dont know. It isnt here. Maybe _ took it away by mistake. (2010襄樊市)A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. so

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